[Proteins and immunohistochemical markers of breast diseases]. / Belkovye i immunogistokhimicheskie markery zabolevanii molochnoi zhelezy.

In this work, we have compared malignant and non-malignant diseases of the mammary gland using 8 proteins: HRG, MUC1, PAI-1, HSP90αA1, CDH1, ERα, PGR and IL-12. Their concentrations in the supernatants of blood cells and breast biopsies were compared in terms of spontaneous production, induced by a polyclonal activator and after exposure to biopsy samples of the HLDF differentiation factor, as well as the indices of the effect of the polyclonal activator and HLDF on the protein production. In addition, the correlation relationships of the above indicators with the expression of markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition: collagen type II (CII), ß-1 integrin (CD29) and cadherin-E (CDH1) were studied. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the concentration of HRG in the supernatant of blood cells, IL-12 during spontaneous production by biopsy specimens, PGR production of biopsy specimens induced by the polyclonal activator, CDH1 and IL-12 production biopsy specimens exposed to HLDF. According to the influence index of the polyclonal activator and HLDF, statistically significant differences were found for CDH1production. Comparison of non-specific invasive carcinoma biopsy specimens and non-malignant breast diseases by means of the markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition revealed statistically significant differences in CD29 expression and the lack of differences in the expression of CDH1 and CII. This indicates the presence of cell atypia in samples of non-malignant breast diseases; it is confirmed by the recognized correlation between the production of certain proteins and the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers.

[Assessment of the cytokine-producing resource of tumor biopsy samples from patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type and with non-malignant breast diseases]. / Otsenka tsitokinprodutsiruiushchego resursa bioptatov opukholei patsientov s invazivnoi kartsinomoi nespetsificheskogo tipa i s nezlokachestvennymi zabolevaniiami molochnoi zhelezy.

Breast cancer, in most cases, is a malignant neoplasm associated with infiltration of a tumor with the cells that form its microenvironment and produce various cytokines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytokine-producing function of tumor cells and their microenvironment in biopsy specimen of patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type and in patients with benign breast diseases. To assess the cytokine-producing activity of the tumor and its microenvironment, the index of polyclonal activators influence on cytokine production by biopsy specimens of patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type (group I) and in patients with benign breast tumors (group II) was calculated. Group II was further subdivided into group IIa, which included only patients with fibroadenoma, and group IIb, which included the patients with leaf-shaped fibroadenoma, fibroadenomatosis, fibrocystic mastopathy, intraductal papillomatosis, sclerosing adenosis and fibrocystic mastopathy with microcalcifications. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1ß, IL-1Ra, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, and MCP-1 were measured in tumor biopsy supernatants. When comparing groups I and II, higher indices of the polyclonal activators influence on the production of IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α were observed in patients with benign diseases. Higher indices of the polyclonal activators influence on the production of IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-1ß and the ratio of IL1ß/IL1Ra were observed in patients with fibroadenoma as compared to those with invasive carcinoma of no special type. There were no significant differences in the indices of the polyclonal activators influence between groups I and IIb. This suggests the existence of changes in the mammary gland in patients of group IIb similar to those present in patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type. Higher indices of polyclonal activators influence on the production of IL-1ß, as well as the ratio of IL1ß/IL1Ra were observed in the patients of group IIa compared to the patients of group IIb. The results of the study identify the features of the cytokine-producing resource of tumor biopsy specimens in patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type and with benign breast tumors.

[The characteristics of microbiota of periodontal recesses in smoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis].

The clinical examination of 36 tobacco smokers with chronic generalized periodontitis of light, average and severe degree was carried out. The examination established poor hygienic condition of oral cavity, less expressed inflammatory reaction of tissues of periodont and predominance of occurrences of destruction of alveolar portion of bone as compared with the group of 59 non-smoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of light, average and severe degree. The study demonstrated higher rate of detection of T. forsythia in smokers as compared with non-smoking patients at all stages of of development of chronic generalized periodontitis. Under light stage of chronic generalized periodontitis increasing of rate of detection of T. forsythia more than twice was registered. P.gigngivalis and P.intermedia were detected in smoking patients with light stage of chronic generalized periodontitis either in the same values or more rarely as compared with non-smokers. In the group of smokers with average stage of chronic generalized periodontitis increasing of rate of occurrence of association of T. forsythia-P. gigngivalis-P. intermedia occurred more than five times in comparison with non-smokers. The obtained results indicate on relationship between alterations of microbiota and aggressive development of chronic generalized periodontitis in smoking patients and on development in periodontal recesses of smokers of favorable conditions for growth of T. forsythia. The presence of T. forsythia is a significant factor of development of destructive processes in tissues of periodont.

Cytokine-producing function of human blood cells in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric adenomas and adenocarcinomas.

The cytokine-producing potential of blood cells has been studied in the atrophic gastritis-adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression of pathological states of the stomach. It has been revealed that, at the initial stage of carcinogenesis, namely adenoma, immunocompetent cells have the highest cytokine-producing proto-oncogenic potential as compared to both atrophic gastritis, which presents a precancerous condition, and completely formed malignant tumor (gastric adenocarcinoma).

[Antibacterial activity of nanostructured silver gel].

AIM: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of L-cysteine silver gel against various species of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibacterial activity of L-cysteine silvergel with silver concentration from 1.28 x 10(-3) to 3.75 x10(-3) mole/l was studied by using agar diffusion test. Reparation processes were determined experimentally in 102 male Wistar rats (150 g) by forming under ether anesthesia a 225 mm2 skin wound on the back surface of the body and by introducing virulent strain Staphylococcus aureus 236 24-hour suspension (10(6) CFU/ml) inside the wound. The rat wounds were treated with L-cysteine silver gel once per day for one week and proliferation processes were studied on day 7, 14 and 21. RESULTS: Antibacterial activity of L-cysteine silver gel was detected against test strains: S. aureus ATCC 25923; Bacillus subtilis 537; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; Shigella sonnei 1908; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853; Salmonella typhimurium 5715 and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653. Mean period of wound healing was reduced by 3 days when L-cysteine silver gel was used, index of healing acceleration was approximately 20%. CONCLUSION: L-cysteine silver gel has antibacterial and wound healing properties, it can be used for the creation of new medical preparations.

[Humoral factors of immunity and the mononuclear cell responses to fetoproteins in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The content of cytokines, the levels of antibodies (Ab) to proinflammatory cytokines and fetoproteins (FP) in serum, as well as the effects of fitohemagglutinin and FP on the level of cell production of cytokines into the conditioned medium were studied in relation to the pattern of a response of mononuclear cells (MNC) to FP. With the positive reaction of MNC to FP, estimated by an increment of CD9* cells and detectable in grades 2-3 dysplasias, the anti-inflammatory effect with lower anti-inflammatory cytokines was shown to be achieved due to elevated Ab levels, which may compensate for the low content of IL-4 and IL-10. With FP, there was an increase in the cell production of IL-10 that is known to stimulate antibody formation in the early phase of tumor growth, as evidenced by the association of the levels of Ab to FP with the grade of dysplasia.

[Microflora of gastrointestinal tract in patients with chronic cholecystitis].

AIM: Assessment of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gastrointestinal microflora in patients with chronic cholecystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacteriological analysis of biopsy samples of esophageal and gastric mucosae as well as stool samples was performed in 10 healthy volunteers and 28 patients with chronic cholecystitis. RESULTS: Opportunistic microorganisms are acquiring greater significance in formation of gastrointestinal microbiocenosis. Significant increase of both isolation rate and density of gastrointestinal tract colonization by staphylococci, enterobacteriae and anaerobic microorganisms was revealed. CONCLUSION: Obtained results showed abnormalities of microbiocenosis of esophageal and gastric mucosae and presence of intestinal disbacteriosis of different degrees of intensity.

[Mononuclear cell response to fetoproteins in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in dysregenerative bronchial epithelial changes].

A relationship was studied between the response of mononuclear cells (MNC) to fetoproteins (FP) and the bronchial changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The response was evaluated by the change in the relative count of CD8+ lymphocytes after MNC incubation with FP as compared with the controls. The value of the response (in scores) was compared with the pathohistological pattern of the bronchial epithelium and interstitial tissue. The studies show that the values of a MNC response to FP are criteria for the presence and absence of dysplasia as one of the types of bronchial epithelial atypia. It is not improbable that patients with chronic inflammatory processes in the lung in the presence of a positive MNC response to FP should be regarded as persons at risk for malignancies.

[The levels of T lymphocytes and thymic peptide antibodies in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis and in those with cancer diseases]. / Soderzhanie T-limfotsitov i urovni antitel k peptidam timusa u bol'nykh infiltrativnym tuberkulezom legkikh i u bol'nykh s onkologicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

A relationship of the levels of thymic peptide antibodies to those of the population and subpopulations of T lymphocytes was studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, lung or breast cancer. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to determine the count of CD3-, CD4-, CD80, CD38-, CD25-, CD71-, and CD95-lymphocytes. The levels of thymic peptide antibodies were estimated by enzyme immunoassay. Unlike cancer diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis was characterized by the combination of a significantly inverse correlation between the relative count of CD3-, CD4-, CD8-lymphocytes the levels of thymogen antibodies with a significantly direct correlation between the absolute count of CD25- and CD38-lymphocytes. The studies may recommend that the levels of thymic peptide antigens should be determined to select persons with immunodeficiency particularly those with inflammatory diseases.

[Levels of some cytokines in infants with central nervous system damage]. / Soderzhanie nekotorykh tsitokinov u detei s porazheniem tsentralnoi nervnoi sistemy.

Two cytokines--interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels have been studied in infants with CNS damage of different severity. The more was the brain lesion severity, the higher the TNF-alpha level increased. IL-1 beta levels were reduced significantly in severe brain injury caused by hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia combined with intrauterine infection and/or a risk of the latter was accompanied by imbalance of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha secretion.