Nephrectomy in 52 dogs for the treatment of Dioctophyme renale infection - Knowing the enemy to win.

Dioctophyme renale (D. renale) is a nematode that parasitizes the kidney of mammals. Treatment is often surgical, with removal of the affected organ. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical aspects, the interval between diagnosis and treatment, the occurrence of pre- and intraoperative complications, and the postoperative survival time of dogs parasitized by D. renale undergoing therapeutic nephrectomy. Records of fifty-two dogs treated in a single hospital service were analyzed. We collected epidemiological data, laboratory results, diagnostic method, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique and time, type of antimicrobial prophylaxis, pre- and intraoperative complications, location and number of parasites, and postoperative survival time. Of the 52 dogs undergoing right nephrectomy by laparotomy, 61.5 % were female and 63.4 % were adults. Although the most common clinical sign was hematuria (25 %), 61.5 % of the patients were asymptomatic. Eosinophilia and increased serum urea were the only laboratory changes found. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 27.4 ± 23 days and no patient showed changes suggestive of surgical emergency. The most common surgical approach was the right paracostal (61.5 %), and a continuous suture pattern was predominant. Intraoperative complications occurred in 9.6 % of the procedures, varying from mild to severe hemorrhage. Mean postoperative survival was 835.5 ± 428 days. Dioctophymosis was effectively controlled by nephrectomy of the affected kidney, allowing a mean survival of more than 830 days. No serious complications caused by intervals between diagnosis and treatment have been reported. This is the largest retrospective study evaluating dogs infected with D. renale that were surgically treated.

Gasless laparoscopic renal biopsy in canine cadavers: a preclinical study.

In this study we aimed to analyze the feasibility of the gasless renal biopsy technique in canine cadavers. The cadavers were randomly divided into two groups: laparoscopic GCG, in which gasless laparoscopy was performed and GCP, laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum was performed. The procedures were randomly performed on the right and left kidneys. The total surgical time, procedural steps, and intraoperative complications were recorded. The degree of difficulty of the surgical approaches was evaluated by the surgeon, assistant, and external evaluators. Renal samples were evaluated for quality, number of glomeruli, and proportion of renal cortex. The total operative time was higher in the GCG group than in the GCP group (p < 0.01). Additionally, positioning of the second portal and platform positioning took longer than the other steps. The surgical groups differed from each other in the Likert scale values for almost all the parameters regarding the difficulty of the surgical approaches (p < 0.05), with higher scores in the GCG group than in the GCP group. Based on the video recordings, the GCP group had higher scores than the GCG group for degrees of difficulty of the approach (p < 0.05). Renal histological parameters were similar between the surgical groups and surgical sides. Our study findings indicate that the proposed gasless renal biopsy technique is feasible. The longer operative time and technical difficulties in the gasless approach did not affect the quality of the renal specimens.

Neste estudo objetivamos analisar a viabilidade da técnica de biópsia renal gasless em cadáveres caninos. Os cadáveres foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GCG laparoscópico, no qual foi realizada laparoscopia gasless e GCP, onde foi realizada laparoscopia com pneumoperitônio. Os procedimentos foram realizados aleatoriamente nos rins direito e esquerdo. O tempo cirúrgico total, etapas do procedimento e complicações intraoperatórias foram registrados. O grau de dificuldade das abordagens cirúrgicas foi avaliado pelo cirurgião, assistente e avaliadores externos. As amostras renais foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade, número de glomérulos e proporção do córtex renal. O tempo operatório total foi maior no grupo GCG do que no grupo GCP (p < 0,01). Além disso, o posicionamento do segundo portal e o posicionamento da plataforma demoraram mais do que as outras etapas. Os grupos cirúrgicos diferiram entre si nos valores da escala Likert para quase todos os parâmetros relativos à dificuldade das abordagens cirúrgicas (p < 0,05), com escores mais elevados no grupo GCG do que no grupo GCP. Com base nas gravações de vídeo, o grupo GCP obteve pontuações mais altas que o grupo GCG para graus de dificuldade da abordagem (p < 0,05). Os parâmetros histológicos renais foram semelhantes entre os grupos cirúrgicos e os lados cirúrgicos. Os resultados do nosso estudo indicam que a técnica proposta de biópsia renal gasless é viável. O maior tempo operatório e as dificuldades técnicas na abordagem sem gás não afetaram a qualidade das amostras renais.

Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for the treatment of canine dioctophymosis.

This paper reports on two cases of laparoscopic nephrotomy employed in the treatment of canine dioctophymosis, which is considered a unusual procedure and a new treatment proposal heretofore not performed in veterinary medicine. Two patients were treated, one with a history of hematuria and the other with incidental finding of the parasite in the abdominal cavity during elective ovariohysterectomy. Both dogs were subjected to abdominal ultrasound, which produced images indicating the presence of the parasite in the right side kidney, but with partial parenchymal preservation. The patients were therefore subjected to laparoscopic nephrotomy. The surgical procedure was effective in treating dioctophymosis and enabled minimum tissue invasion during surgery, in addition to preservation of the kidney.

Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol Associated or Not With Remifentanil, Ketamine, or S-Ketamine for Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Female Dogs.

Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has been gaining ground in the routine of small animals. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic effects produced by continuous infusion of propofol isolated or associated with ketamine, S-ketamine, or remifentanil in dogs submitted to video laparoscopic ovariectomy. Thirty-two female dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 8): G,1 propofol (0.6 mg/kg/min); G2. ketamine (2 mg/kg followed by 100 µg/kg/min) and propofol (0.4 mg/kg/min); G3, S-ketamine (1 mg/kg followed by 50 µg/kg/min) and propofol (0.4 mg/kg/min); and G4, remifentanil (1 µg/kg followed by 0.2 µg/kg/min) and propofol (0.4 mg/kg/min). All dogs were submitted to the same pre-anesthetic protocol with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg) and meperidine (4 mg/kg) intramuscularly, followed by anesthetic induction with propofol (4 mg/kg). All animals were mechanically ventilated. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), SpO2, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures (SAP, DAP and MAP, respectively), EtCO2, cardiac output (CO), blood glucose and rectal temperature were evaluated in 7 time-points (M0-M7). HR increased throughout the anesthesia in all groups, except for G4, which showed inferior values. In all groups, EtCO2 increased from M1 to M7. SAP was higher in G1 in relation to G2 in M2 and M3, and G4 in all time points. G4 also obtained the lower values for DAP and MAP, although not inferior to 60 mmHg. CO was unchanged through time and among groups. No groups had hyperglycemia, although glucose levels varied with time. It was concluded that all TIVA protocols showed satisfactory results and hemodynamic stability.

Urethral prolapse corrected by microsurgery in a cat: a case report.

Urethral prolapse is a rare condition in dogs and cats. A 7-month-old male cat presented with intermittent penile bleeding and a red mass protruding from the tip of the penis. Urethral prolapse was diagnosed by using a surgical microcamera to examine the genital area. Urethroplasty and preputial advancement surgery were performed using a surgical microscope, to successfully correct the urethral prolapse.

Ruptura de bexiga em um cão: relato de caso / Bladder rupture in a dog: case report

A ruptura de bexiga é uma das anomalias do trato urinário mais recorrente nos cães e nos gatos, e pode ser causada por diferentes fatores, como trauma, necrose ou alguma complicação durante uma cirurgia vesical. Como conseqüência, ocorre o uroperitônio que, em longo prazo, leva à uremia, desidratação, hipovolemia, hipercalemia e morte (FOSSUM, 2008). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico-cirúrgico de uma ruptura de bexiga em um cão da raça Fila Alemão.

Peritonite séptica em fêmea canina - relato de caso / Septic peritonitis in female canine - case report

A inflamação do peritônio é denominada peritonite e pode ser classificada d e acordo com a origem (primária ou secundária), com o grau de contaminação (asséptica, séptica ou mista) e com a extensã o (localizada ou generalizada) (ZIMMERMANN et al., 2006). A peritonite generalizada bacteriana é a forma predominante em cães e geralmente surge por contaminação pelo trato gastrointestinal, secundária a uma deiscênc ia de ferida cirúrgica (FOSSUM, 2008) , ma s também por perfurações do trato gastrintestinal, neoplasias, ulcerações, ferimentos por armas de fogo e intussuscepção ( ZIMMERMANN et al., 200 6). O diagnóstico de peritonite basea - se na anamnese, nos sinais clínicos, nos dados laboratoria is e no diagnóstico por imagem . Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar o caso de uma peritonite séptica, ocorrida após enterectomia, realizada devido a um caso de intu ssuscepção, em uma fêmea canina.

Pneumotórax e miocardite traumática em um cão / Pneumothorax and traumatic myocarditis in a dog

Cães que sofrem acidentes automobilísticos na grande maioria apresentam complicações pulmonares e da parede torácica, como contusão pulmonar, pneumotórax e miocardite traumática (FOSSUM, 2007). O pneumotórax é o acumulo de ar no espaço pleural e pode ser classificado em aberto ou fechado e pela etiologia. A miocardite traumática é um termo aplicado à síndrome de arritmias e ocorre por trauma não perfurante resultado de um impacto contra a parede do tórax e na grande maioria ocorrem taquiarritmias ventriculares (NELSON E COUTO, 2003). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de pneumotórax e miocardite traumáticos em um cão.