RESUMO
The CRISPR prime editor PE2 consists of a Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nickase (nSpCas9) fused at its C-terminus to a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT). Here we show that separated nSpCas9 and MMLV-RT proteins function as efficiently as intact PE2 in human cells. We use this Split-PE system to rapidly identify and engineer more compact prime editor architectures that also broaden the types of RTs used for prime editing.
Assuntos
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edição de Genes , Vírus da Leucemia Murina de Moloney , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA , Streptococcus pyogenes , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Edição de Genes/métodos , Vírus da Leucemia Murina de Moloney/genética , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA/genética , Streptococcus pyogenes/genética , Desoxirribonuclease I/genéticaRESUMO
Cancer patients vary in their comfort with the label "survivor". Here, we explore how comfortable males with breast cancer (BC) are about accepting the label cancer "survivor". Separate univariate logistic regressions were performed to assess whether time since diagnosis, age, treatment status, and cancer stage were associated with comfort with the "survivor" label. Of the 70 males treated for BC who participated in the study, 58% moderately-to-strongly liked the term "survivor", 26% were neutral, and 16% moderately-to-strongly disliked the term. Of the factors we explored, only a longer time since diagnosis was significantly associated with the men endorsing a survivor identity (OR = 1.02, p = 0.05). We discuss how our findings compare with literature reports on the comfort with the label "survivor" for women with BC and men with prostate cancer. Unlike males with prostate cancer, males with BC identify as "survivors" in line with women with BC. This suggests that survivor identity is more influenced by disease type and treatments received than with sex/gender identities.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama Masculina , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , SobreviventesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine indications for cesarean section in alpacas and llamas, and clinical management and outcome of alpacas and llamas undergoing cesarean section. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 27 alpacas and 7 llamas. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed and information gathered on signalment, anamnesis including reproductive history, physical examination findings, indication for cesarean section, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique, number of crias delivered (alive or dead), additional treatment, duration of hospitalization, and postoperative complications. Follow-up information was gathered via email or telephone interview with owners. RESULTS: Uterine torsion (13/34 [38%]) was the most common reason for cesarean section. The most common surgical approach was the left proximal lateral abdominal approach (21/34 [62%]). Thirty-four crias were delivered via cesarean section. Twenty (59%) were born alive and discharged from the hospital. Retained placenta was the most common complication observed after surgery. A significant association was found between prolonged dystocia and fetal death. Of the 34 dams that underwent cesarean section, 21 were rebred, and 19 of the 21 (90.5%) dams that were rebred became pregnant. Fifteen of 19 dams were confirmed to have ≥ 1 normal vaginal delivery with a live cria following cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of the present study indicated that cesarean section was an effective method of resolving dystocia in camelids without negatively affecting future fertility or parturition by the dam. Prompt referral of patients with dystocia is advised to improve fetal viability. Retained fetal membranes seemed to be a common complication of cesarean section in camelids but was not associated with negative outcomes.