Transplant renal artery stenosis: Study of incidence using doppler ultrasound, risk factors and analysis is effect in graft outcomes.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a vascular complication after kidney transplantation which estimated incidence is 13%. It could cause refractory arterial hypertension, kidney dysfunction and premature death in transplant recipients. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study including every patient who underwent renal transplantation between 2014 and 2020. They were evaluated with a systematic post-transplant renal Doppler ultrasound. To identify independent risk factors for transplant renal artery stenosis we performed a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Seven hundred twenty-four kidney transplants were included, 12% ​​were living donors and 88% were deceased donors. The mean age was 54.8 in recipients and 53 in donors. Transplant renal artery stenosis was diagnosed in 70 (10%) recipients, the majority in the first 6 months after surgery. 51% of patients with transplant renal artery stenosis were managed conservatively. The multivariate analysis showed diabetes mellitus, graft rejection, arterial resuture and donor body mass index as independent risk factors for transplant renal artery stenosis. Survival of the grafts with transplant renal artery stenosis was 98% at 6 months and 95% at two years. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic performance of Doppler ultrasound in the immediate post-transplant period diagnosed 10% of transplant renal artery stenosis in our cohort. Despite the above risk factors, an adequate monitoring and treatment could avoid the increased risk of graft loss in patients with transplant renal artery stenosis.

Evaluation of health care-associated infections following radical cystectomy. / Estudio de las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria tras la realización de cistectomía radical.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Radical cystectomy is a complex surgery with a high rate of complications including infections, which lead to increased morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stay and higher costs. The aim of this work is to evaluate health care-associated infections (HAIs) in these patients, as well as associated microorganisms, antibiotic resistance profiles and risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study from 2012 to 2017. Epidemiologic variables, comorbidities and surgical variables are collected. The microorganisms involved and antibiotic susceptibility patterns are analyzed. RESULTS: 122 patients. Mean age 67 (SD:18,42). Mean hospital stay 23.5 days (18.42). HAIs rate of 45%, with predominant urinary tract infections (43%) and surgical wound infections (31%). Positive cultures in 78.6% of cases. Increased isolation of Enterococcus (18%) and Escherichia coli (13%). Forty-three percent of microorganisms were resistant to amoxicillin/ampicillin, 23% to beta-lactamases and 36% to quinolones. Empirical treatment was adequate in 87.5%. Hospital stay is increased (17 days, p< 0.05) due to HAIs. Lower rate of infectious complications in the laparoscopic vs. open approach (p< 0.001) and in orthotopic vs. ileal conduit diversion (p = 0.04) CONCLUSIONS: We found a high rate of HAIs in our radical cystectomy series, with predominant urinary tract and surgical wound infections. E.coli and Enterococcus spp. are the most frequently isolated microorganisms, with high rates of resistance to some commonly used antibiotics.

Urological surgery during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Descriptive analysis of the experience in a Urology Department across the pandemic phases. / Cirugía urológica durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Análisis descriptivo de la experiencia en un Servicio de Urología durante distintas fases epidemiológicas.

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the urological practice around the world. Our objective is to describe the outcomes presented by patients undergoing surgery in the urology department of a tertiary hospital, across the pandemic phases. METHODS: Observational, cohort study including all patients undergoing surgery from March 1 to May 14. According to the hospital organization, we identified three periods: there were no changes during the first two weeks (1st. period), the following seven weeks, when only urgent interventions were carried out after performance of nasopharyngeal swab test (2nd. period), and finally, elective surgery was resumed on May 4, after the implementation of a multidisciplinary screening protocol (3rd. period). Demographic, baseline, surgical and perioperative variables, as well as postoperative outcomes, were obtained in a retrospective (periods 1 and 2) and prospective (period 3) manner. Telephone follow-up was initiated at least 3 weeks after hospital discharge. RESULTS: 103 urological surgeries were performed, and 11 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, 8 of them within the 1st. PERIOD: The diagnosis was already known in 1 patient, while the other 10 developed the disease in an average of 25 days after the intervention and 16,6 days after discharge. Of seven transplant patients, four got the infection. Three deaths were recorded due to the disease: a 69-year-old woman transplanted and two men over 80 with comorbidities and high anesthetic risk who underwent drainage of retroperitoneal abscess and retrograde intrarenal surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly affected renal transplant recipients or elderly patients with high anesthetic risk, during the first 2 weeks of the pandemic. After implementing preoperative PCR tests and a comprehensive screening protocol, cases were substantially reduced, and safe surgical procedures were achieved.

Laparoscopic cystectomy and intracorporeal continent urinary diversion (Mainz II) in treatment for interstitial cystitis.

INTRODUCTION: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a difficult-to-manage chronic and insidious condition. We present a series of patients with IC who failed to respond to conservative treatment. The patients underwent total cystectomy with completely intracorporeally performed continent urinary diversion (Mainz II rectosigmoid pouch) as a radical alternative to the treatment of this condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria for IC according to the National Institute of Health and in whom all previous conservative treatments had failed between January 2001 and April 2009 were operated on. A descriptive analysis was made with the following variables: age, surgical risk according to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), total surgical time (ST), ST of the cystectomy, ST of the urinary diversion, early and late complications, time of hospital stay, bleeding and need of transfusion, specimen extraction pathway and uterine sparing. RESULTS: Mean age was 54.25 (±17.8) years, total mean ST 286.4 (±44.8) minutes, mean ST of the cystectomy 86.2 (±25.6) minutes, mean ST of the diversion 123.7 (±28.6) minutes, mean bleeding 321.4 (±242.9) cc, mean time of hospital stay 8.3 (±1.3) days. Fifty percent were ASA I, 37.5% ASA II and 12.5% ASA III. A hysterectomy was made in 50% of the cases. In 5 cases (62.5%) the bladder was extracted through the rectum and in 3 cases (37.5%) through the vagina. The only early complication was urinary sepsis in one patient. There was no conversion in the series. CONCLUSIONS: Total cystectomy with urethrectomy and intracorporeal continent urinary diversion is an effective and definitive alternative for the treatment of treatment resistant IC. Their technical difficulty and its learning curve limit their application to centers with an extensive experience in laparoscopy.

[An analysis of the value of bowel preparation for preventing postoperative complications in endoscopic surgery]. / Análisis de la utilidad de la preparación intestinal en la prevención de complicaciones postoperatorias en cirugía endoscópica.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between mechanical preparation of the bowel before endourological surgery and the occurrence of postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in 162 patients undergoing TUR of the bladder, TURP, and lase adenomectomy from October 2008 to February 2009. No patient was excluded. An enema was administered before surgery to 66 patients, but not to the remaining patients. Variables analyzed included occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI), fever, acute urinary retention (AUR), postoperative need for enemas or laxatives, surgical field contamination, and mean hospital stay. A descriptive analysis, a means comparison (t test), and a Chi-square test were performed. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 70.5 years (SD+/-10.62), and mean hospital stay 4.8 days (SD+/-3.9). UTI occurred in 6.2% of patients, fever in 3.1%, and AUR in 1.2%, and 15.4% of patients required enemas or laxatives. Fecal contamination of the surgical field was found in one patient (0.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups in the variables analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, bowel preparation using enema has shown no value for decreasing postoperative complications of endourological surgery.