The association between dietary antioxidant quality score and intensity and frequency of migraine headaches among women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is an episodic disorder and a frequent form of headache. An impaired balance between free radical production and an impaired antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative damage may play a major role in migraine etiology. We sought to investigate whether dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) is associated with migraine intensity and frequency among women suffering from migraine. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 women. The data related to anthropometric measures and dietary intake were collected. DAQS score was calculated based on FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) vs. the reference daily intake (RDI) quantity. To measure migraine intensity, the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used. The frequency of headaches was defined as the days the participants had headaches in the last month and a 30-day headache diary was used. RESULTS: The results of the study demonstrated that VAS, MIDAS, and frequency of headaches were reduced significantly from the low DAQS (poor quality of antioxidants) to high DAQS (high quality of antioxidants) after adjusting covariates. Also, multinomial regression showed there was an inverse association between higher DAQS and the frequency of headaches. In the adjusted model, subjects with the higher DAQS were 69% less likely to have moderate migraine disability, compared with those with the lower DAQS. Linear regression showed, there was an inverse association between vitamin C intake and the grades of pain severity.َAlso in a crude model, a negative association was found between vitamin E and the frequency of headaches. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Participants with higher DAQS had lower migraine intensity and headache frequency. In addition, the consumption of vitamin C may potentially associate with decreasing the severity of headaches. Dietary antioxidants should be monitored closely in individuals suffering from migraine.

lncRNA TUG1 transcript levels and psychological disorders: insights into interplay of glycemic index and glycemic load.

BACKGROUND: There is an association between obesity and psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Environmental factors and genetics play a crucial role in this regard. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of the nervous system. Additionally, we intend to investigate how dietary glycemic index and load relate to psychological disorders in women with obesity and overweight by identifying the possible interaction with metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1). METHODS: 267 overweight or obese women between the ages of 18 and 48 were recruited for the current study. A reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 147 items assessed food consumption, glycemic load (GL), and glycemic index (GI). Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS-21) were used to assess mental well-being. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess transcript levels for lncRNAs MALAT1 and TUG1. RESULTS: In obese and overweight women, a positive correlation was found between anxiety and MALAT1 mRNA levels (P = 0.007, CC = 0.178). Age, energy intake, physical activity, total fat, income, marriage, thyroid, and BMI were adjusted, and GI and TUG1 were positively correlated on DASS-21 (ß = 0.006, CI = 0.001, 0.01, P = 0.031), depression (ß = 0.002, CI = 0.001, 0.004, P = 0.019), Stress (ß = 0.003, CI = 0.001, 0.005, P = 0.027). The interaction of GL and TUG1 on stress was also observed (ß = 0.03, CI = 0.001, 0.07, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: The lncRNA TUG1 appears to be associated with depression and stress through interaction with GI and correlated with stress by interaction with GL. To establish this concept, further research is required.

The interaction between polyphenol intake and genes (MC4R, Cav-1, and Cry1) related to body homeostasis and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is an important global health challenge, is expanding. One of the main factors in the occurrence of CVD is a high genetic risk. The interaction between genetic risk in CVD and nutrition is debatable. Polyphenols are one of the important dietary components that may have a protective role in people who have a high genetic risk score (GRS) for cardiometabolic risk factors. This study, conducted in overweight and obese women, examines the interaction between polyphenol intake and specific genes (MC4r, Cav-1, and Cry1) related to maintaining body balance and their interaction with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 391 women who were overweight or obese, aged 18 to 48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2. Body composition was measured using the InBody 770 scanner. Total dietary polyphenol intake (TDPI) was assessed with a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and polyphenol intakes were determined using the Phenol-Explorer database. Serum samples underwent biochemical tests. The Genetic Risk Score (GRS) was calculated based on the risk alleles of three genes: MC4r, Cav-1, and Cry1. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and BMI of women were 36.67 (9.1) years and 30.98 (3.9) kg/m2, respectively. The high GRS and high TDPI group had a significant negative interaction with fasting blood glucose (FBS) (p = 0.01). Individuals who had a high GRS and a high phenolic acid intake were found to have a significant negative interaction with Triglyceride (p = 0.04). Similarly, individuals with high GRS and a high intake of flavonoids had a significant negative interaction with TG (p < 0.01) and a significant positive interaction with High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.01) in the adjusted model. Conclusion: According to our findings, those with a high GRS may have a protective effect on cardiometabolic risk factors by consuming high amounts of polyphenols. Further studies will be necessary in the future to validate this association.

The transcript level of long non-coding RNAs; MALAT1 and TUG1, and the association with metabolic syndrome-related parameters in women with overweight and obesity.

Background: Recent studies have addressed the possible role of long non-coding RNAs (lnc-RNAs), Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), and Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (TUG1), in modulating the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, studies are limited and contradictory. Hence, we sought to investigate the relationship of the transcript level of these two lnc-RNAs with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters in women with obesity and overweight. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 342 women with obese and overweight. We conducted assessments encompassing anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, lipid profile analysis, insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and liver enzyme profiling. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate transcript levels of MALAT1 and TUG1. Also, a 147-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to evaluate food intake and physical activity, respectively. Results: There was a significant association between FBS and MALAT1 transcript level (ß: 0.382; 95% CI: 0.124, 0.640; P = 0.004). Also, there was a significant association between triglyceride (TG) and MALAT1 transcript level (ß: 4.767; 95% CI: 2.803, 6.731; P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, and physical activity, an inverse significant association was observed between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and MALAT1 transcript level (ß: -0.325; 95% CI: -0.644, -0.006; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Our findings indicated positive associations between mRNA levels of MALAT1 and MetS-related parameters, including FBG, TG, HDL, and systolic blood pressure in overweight and obese women. However, large prospective studies are needed to further establish this concept. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01367-2.

The interaction between MALAT1 and TUG1 with dietary fatty acid quality indices on visceral adiposity index and body adiposity index.

We aimed to investigate the interaction between the transcript levels of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) in relation to the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI). This cross-sectional study involved 346 women classified as obese and overweight, aged between 18 and 48 years. Dietary intake and the quality of dietary fat were assessed using a validated and reliable 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) used as an indicator. Transcription levels of MALAT1 and TUG1 were evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction following the criteria outlined in the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative standards. Serum profiles were measured using standard protocols. We observed a positive association between transcription level of MALAT1 and VAI in both crude (ß = 3.646, 95% CI 1.950-5.341, p < 0.001) and adjusted (ß = 8.338, 95% CI 6.110-10.566, p < 0.001) models. Furthermore, after adjusting for confounders, a significant positive interaction was noted between MALAT1 expression and CSI on BAI (ß: 0.130, 95% CI 0.019, 0.240, p = 0.022), with a marginal positive interaction observed on VAI (ß: 0.718, 95% CI - 0.028, 1.463, p = 0.059). It seems that there may be a positive interaction between MALAT1 transcription level and CSI on VAI and BAI among overweight and obese women. However, no associations were seen between TUG1 mRNA level and the above-mentioned outcomes. Further functional studies are still required to elucidate this concept.

The association between cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) and quality of sleep, and circadian rhythm among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The decline in sleep quality is one of the main public health problems affecting the global population. Some studies have shown that a high-fat diet may be linked to changes in circadian rhythm and sleep quality. The cholesterol/saturated fatty acid index (CSI) determines the amount of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid (SFA) in people's dietary patterns and can affect the quality of sleep and circadian rhythm. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effect of this index on these two variables. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the relationship between CSI on circadian rhythm and sleep quality in obese and overweight women. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 378 adult women who were obese or overweight. Using accepted techniques, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, and biochemical variables were evaluated. A validated and trustworthy semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ 147 items) was used to gauge dietary intake. The CSI was measured to find out how much cholesterol and saturated fats were in the diet. Additionally, to assess circadian rhythm and sleep quality, respectively, the valid morning-evening questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires were utilized. RESULT: The results of the multinomial logistic regression model of our analysis showed that a significant association was observed between circadian rhythm status with CSI score, and participants with one higher unit of CSI had a 7.3% more chance of being in the eveningness group than being in morningness category in the crude model (OR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.00, 1.14; P = 0.026). This association remains marginally significant when adjusting for age, energy intake, BMI, job status, thyroid, and smoking status (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.00, 1.16; P = 0.051). The binary logistic regression model showed that after controlling for potentially confounding variables, there was no significant association between sleep quality with CSI score, however, those with one higher unit of CSI had 1.6% more chance of having sleep problems (OR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.06; P = 0.503). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated a direct marginally significant association between CSI with evening type in overweight and obese women. Future studies are needed to clarify the precise link between circadian rhythm and sleep behavior with fatty acid quality index.

Inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese Iranian women are associated with polyphenol intake.

BACKGROUND: The evidence shows that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in obese subjects. Polyphenols are a complex group of plant secondary metabolites that may play a role in reducing the risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Given the scarcity of evidence on the association between inflammatory markers and dietary polyphenols intake in overweight/obese Iranian women, the current study aims to investigate this link. METHOD: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 overweight and obese Iranian women aged 18-48 years (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2). A 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake, as well as anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) and biochemistry parameters including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Chole), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), galactin-3 (Gal-3), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), interleukin-1 beta (IL_1ß), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PA-I), serum leptin concentrations, and C-reactive protein of high sensitivity (hs-CRP) in all participants. The inflammatory markers were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT: The findings revealed a significant negative association between flavonoids intake and MCP-1 (P = 0.024), lignans intake and MCP-1 (P = 0.017), and Gal-3 (P = 0.032). These significant associations were observed between other polyphenols intake and IL_1ß (P = 0.014). There was also a significant positive association between other polyphenol intake and TGF-ß (P = 0.008) and between phenolic acid intake and TGF-ß (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a high polyphenol intake may help individuals to reduce systemic inflammation. Further large studies involving participants of different ages and genders are highly warranted.

The association between glycemic index and glycemic load and quality of life among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The association between different dietary approaches and quality of life (QoL) has been well-demonstrated in previous research. However, the relationship between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with different dimensions of QoL has not been established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between GI and GL with QoL in overweight and obese women. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-six overweight and obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), aged 18-64 years old, were included in this cross-sectional study. The amount of dietary intake and GI and GL indexes were established using a valid and reliable Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items. Body composition (using bioimpedance analysis), anthropometrics, and physical activity were assessed. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hs-CRP were also measured, whilst QoL was measured using the SF-36 (short-form-36), self-administered, questionnaire. RESULT: Analyses were performed using multivariable linear regression, considering a wide range of confounding variables, such as age, physical activity, BMI, education, job, smoking, and marriage. We found a significant negative association between glycemic load and quality of life (ß = -0.07, 95%CI = -0.13_ -0.01, p = 0.01). No significant associations were observed between glycemic index and quality of life (ß = -0.03, 95%CI = -0.81_ 0.75, p = 0.93). CONCLUSION: We observed a significant negative association between QoL and GL, but not GI, among overweight and obese women in Iran. Our results need to be confirmed with further well-designed and adequately powered studies that control for clinical confounders.

Evaluation of the predictive value of different dietary antioxidant capacity assessment methods on healthy and unhealthy phenotype in overweight and obese women.

Purpose: Predictive value of different dietary antioxidant capacity assessment methods on healthy and unhealthy phenotypes in overweight and obese women is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of different dietary antioxidant capacity assessment methods on healthy and unhealthy phenotypes in overweight and obese women. Methods: A total of 290 overweight and obese women were included in this cross-sectional study. Food intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary antioxidant capacity was calculated using valid databases of antioxidant value. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method was used to evaluate the predictive value of antioxidant capacity indices, including dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results: The results showed that the highest area under the ROC curve for predicting metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) belongs to the TRAP method (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.53). In addition, this method had the highest AUC for predicting inflammatory marker of C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (AUC = 0.54) and the index of the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (AUC = 0.59). The highest AUC for triglyceride prediction was related to the DAQS method (AUC = 0.56). Moreover, a significant correlation of FRAP (r = -0.15, P = 0.02), TRAP (r = -0.19, P < 0.001), TEAC (r = -0.18, P< 0.001) with HOMA-IR was reached. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the best way to predict the status of MHO is TRAP method. This method is also the best predictor of hs-CRP and HOMA-IR. DAQS method is the best predictor for TG.

Associations between adherence to the MIND diet and prevalence of psychological disorders, and sleep disorders severity among obese and overweight women: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The effect of dietary patterns on sleep disorders and mental illness has previously been investigated. However, these studies have reported contradictory findings, and thus, the present study aimed to assess the association of the MIND diet on the sleep pattern and mental health in obese women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which 282 women, aged 18-56 years with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.with no underlying diseases and malignancies, and participated. We used a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to collect participant's dietary intake. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used to measure the status of sleep disturbance and psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. RESULTS: A decreasing trend for psychological stress was observed in the highest quartiles of MIND diet score vs. the lowest quartiles (OR = 0.6 CI: 0.23-1.5 vs. 1.16 CI: 0.55-2.47). No significant difference was observed between severity of depression (OR = 0.87 95%, CI: 0.7-1.09, P = 0.23), anxiety (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.27, P = 0.86), stress (OR = 0.99 95%, CI: 0.79-1.23, P = 0.92), and MIND diet adherence in the crude and adjusted models. CONCLUSION: The main finding from this study was that there is no significant association between adherence to the MIND diet and studied psychological disorders.

The Interaction Between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and MC4R Gene and HOMA-IR in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Women.

Introduction: The current prevalence of the metabolically healthy obesity is about 3%. Genetic and nutrition are influencers of such phenotypes. The main goal of this study was to assess the interaction between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC) and the genotypes of MC4R and Insulin resistance in metabolically healthy/unhealthy overweight and obese women in Iran. Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 overweight-obese women with a mean age of 36. The value of Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was calculated using the following indices: Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). The Metabolic health status was evaluated using the Karelis criteria. Melanocortin 4 receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Also, insulin resistance was evaluated through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Result: Our data noted that 72.96% of participants presented Unhealthy Metabolically and 26.94% Healthy Metabolically including 33.5% of the total had T/T genotype, 23.8% had the C/T genotype, and 42.5% had the C/C genotype (P = .05). A linear regression model test showed that the probability of metabolically healthy obesity was significantly higher in patients with the T/C genotype. The test value was statistically significant (95% CI: 0.000-0.001; P = .056, ß = 0). No statistically significant relation was observed between study parameters and DTAC values. HOMA-Index was higher in all unhealthy subjects significantly. Conclusions: The findings indicated that there are significant associations between genotypes of rs1333048 SNP and DTAC. The C/C genotype subjects with higher DTAC had a better lipid profile and were metabolically healthier.

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores and Diabetes Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Diabetes sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Diet has been previously related to DSPN. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the whole diet and DSPN. So, we aimed to examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and DSPN in Iranian adults. Methods: A total of 185 subjects with DSPN and 185 sex- and age-matched controls were selected in this case-control study. A 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assay dietary intakes. DII was calculated based on the developed formula. The Toronto clinical neuropathy score was applied to define DSPN. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of DII in relation to DSPN. Results: Mean values of age and BMI for all the participants were reported as 50.79 and 28.60, respectively. Also, the median (IQR) of DII for all the participants was estimated as -0.091 (-0.93, 1.07). Our findings suggest that participants in the highest quartile of the DII had higher odds of DSPN (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.36) (p-trend = 0.01) compared to subjects in the lowest quartile of DII scores after adjustment for age and sex. Additionally, a strong association was observed after adjusting for energy intake, physical activity, education, smoking status, economic status, marital status, job, BMI, and WC in model 2 (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.13-4.39) (p-trend = 0.0048). Conclusion: Higher DII score was associated with an increased risk of DSPN. Therefore, it is possible that a diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients and foods could improve and prevent DSPN.

The association between dietary polyphenol intake and cardiometabolic factors in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The previous evidence shows that there is an association between total dietary polyphenols intake (DPI) and its subclasses and lower risk of metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate associations between DPI and cardiometabolic factors in Iranian women. METHODS: A total of 404 Iranian women were included in this study. Dietary intakes and polyphenols intakes were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the Phenol-Explorer database, respectively. Biochemical variables and blood pressure were evaluated using Pars Azmoon kits and mercury sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: The mean intake of total polyphenol was 2533.96 ± 1223.67 g. While there were significant negative associations between stilbenes and lignans intake and body mass index (BMI) (P-value = 0.04; P-value = 0.02, respectively), beverages containing phenolic acids and hip circumference (HC) (P-value = 0.02), total polyphenols intake and weight to hip ratio (WHR) (P-value = 0.04). Also there was significant negative associations between stilbenes intake and cholesterol (CHOL) level (P-value = 0.03), other polyphenols intake and triglyceride (TG) ((P-value = 0.01), lignan intake and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P-value = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that dietary polyphenols were associated with cardiometabolic factors in Iranian women. Prospective and interventional studies in both genders, different populations and ethnicities need to be conducted to further the knowledge about examine associations between consumption of polyphenols and metabolic component.

Association between the food security status and dietary patterns with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in overweight and obese Iranian women: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as one of the significant endocrine disorders, is common among women worldwide. Food insecurity (FI) and unhealthy dietary patterns can negatively affect reproductive health. The effects of the lifestyle modifications, especially dietary components, on PCOS are contradictory. The aim was the assessment of association between PCOS with food security status and dietary patterns among overweight or obese women. METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 240 overweight and obese women with and without PCOS (ratio 1:1) referred to the infertility clinic of Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The general and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometrics (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference), physical activity, food security status, and dietary intakes (or patterns) were assessed using valid questionnaires, scales, stadiometer, and tape meter. The significant p-value was < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of FI was 60% in women with PCOS and 30% in healthy women. PCOS risk was positively related to FI, quasi-western dietary patterns, low economic levels, waist circumference, and menstrual age and negatively with physical activity and healthy dietary patterns, even after controlling the potential confounders (P <  0.05). PCOS women had a higher intake of saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, oleic acid, fluorine, sucrose, and caffeine and a lower intake of vitamins A, B5, B6, B12, C, and D, potassium, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterols, docosahexaenoic acid, potassium, carotenes, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, tetra- and dihydrofolate, biotin, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, fiber (total, insoluble, and crude), glucose, galactose, fructose, and lactose compared to the healthy women (P <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FI, quasi-western dietary patterns, low economic levels, and waist circumference were significantly associated with the higher risk of PCOS. The lifestyle changes, especially dietary patterns, may be an essential strategy for reducing PCOS. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms.

The effect of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and Caveolin-1 gene variant interaction on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese women: A cross-sectional investigation.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) gene variant may be associated with Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Moreover, dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) has been shown to potentially elicit favorable effects on CVD risk. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of DTAC and CAV-1 interaction on CVD risk factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of 352 women, with overweight and/or obesity, aged 18-48years from Iran. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with 147 items, was used to assess dietary intake. The CAV-1 rs 3807992 and anthropometric data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), respectively. Serum profiles were measured by standard protocols. Participants were also divided into two groups based on DTAC score and rs3807992 genotype. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 37.34 ± 9.11 and 36.01 ± 9.12 years for homozygous (GG) and minor allele carriers (AG + AA) respectively.The mean ± SD of insulin, total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and TG of participants were 1.21 ± 0.23, 185.3 ± 35.77, 46.58 ± 10.86, 95.3 ± 24.12 and 118.1 ± 58.88, respectively. There was a significant difference between genotypes for physical activity (P = 0.05), HDL (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.04), CRI-I (TC/HDL-C) (P = 0.01), and CRI-II (LDL-C/HDL-C) (P = 0.04). Our findings also showed, after controlling for confounding factors, significant interactions between DTAC score and the A allele carrier group on TC (Pinteraction = 0.001), LDL (Pinteraction = 0.001), insulin (Pinteraction = 0.08), HOMA-IR (Pinteraction = 0.03), AC ((TC - HDL - C)/HDL - C) (Pinteraction = 0.001), and CHOLINDEX (LDL-C-HDL-C) (Pinteraction = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that high DTAC intake may modify the odds of risk factors for CVD in AA and AG genotypes of rs 3807992. These results highlight that diet, gene variants, and their interaction, should be considered in CVD risk assessment.

A Narrative Review Study on the Effects of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery on Multiple Sclerosis.

Obesity is a major public health concern and should be considered in autoimmune inflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In these patients, obesity leads to increasing comorbidities as well as reduced quality of life. Obesity causes an inflammatory state in the body, especially in adolescents; obesity has a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Hence, it is identified as a lifestyle modifiable risk factor for MS disease. Among various treatments for obesity, bariatric surgery has been widely used. Although few studies have been performed on bariatric surgery in MS patients, in this review, we present the existing data regarding the effects of obesity on the MS course and evaluate the outcomes of bariatric surgery among this population.

Principal component analysis of adipocytokines and insulin associate with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVES: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The possible underlying mechanism for this connection is that adipose tissue secretes an array of chemical messenger adipokines proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1-beta). This study aimed to investigate the linkage between adipocytokines and insulin with the cardiovascular disease risk, with particular reference to the adipokines galectin-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and interleukin-1-beta, C-reactive protein, and monocyte chemoattractant protein. RESULT: Two patterns were identified. The first pattern was galectin-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and interleukin-1-beta and the second one was C-reactive protein, insulin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The second pattern was strongly associated with the higher scores for resting metabolic rate, diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model insulin resistance index, lipid profile (except low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol), and body composition parameters (except fat free mass index and waist hip ratio), while negatively associated with age and high density lipoprotein level (all p < 0.05). The first pattern was, however, significantly associated with body fat mass, obesity degree percentage, waist circumference, fat mass index, and waist hip ratio (p < 0.05 for all). This is a retrospective study. Ethics approval (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1395.1597).

The association between total antioxidant capacity and resting metabolic rate (RMR) / respiratory quotient (RQ) in overweight and obese woman.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of total antioxidant capacity on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) of overweight and obese woman has been debated globally. Total Antioxidant Capacity may have an independent effect on resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A study population of 263 aged 18-50 years participated in this cross-sectional study from the communities of Tehran based on cluster sampling. Dietary intake assessed by using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) Demographic questions. Anthropometrics measurements for each participant were done. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was calculated by the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and FRAP assay. Resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient was measured by Indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: The mean DTAC of the study participants was 1251.8 (SD 893.60). There was a statistically significant relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and respiratory quotient (P > 0.013). People with high dietary total antioxidant capacity have tended to show a lower RQ than those with a lower one. There was a significant correlation between DTAC and RQ for both the adjusted model for age, total energy intake, BMI, physical activity, higher DTAC diet and the crude model which were (ß = 0.011; SE = 0.005; CI = -0.021_0) and (ß = -3.143E-6; SE = 0; CI = 0), respectively. However, we found no correlation between the DTAC and RMR/FFM-RES (P < 0.49). Also, a significantly higher relationship was demonstrated between dietary total antioxidant capacity and intake vegetables (P ≤ 0.006), fruits (P ≤ 0.009), white meet (P ≤ 0.03) and dairy products (P ≤ 0.005). CONCLUSION: RQ is correlated with total antioxidant capacity. Increased intake of high DTAC foods may result in weight loss maintenance. This result may suggest a beneficial role of higher-DTAC diets in the prevention of obesity.

The association between dietary antioxidants and adipokines level among obese women.

AIM: Adipokines are associated with several oxidative stress-related diseases and pathologic conditions. We aimed to assess the association between antioxidants and adipokines in obese adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 160 obese women were included. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day, 24-h dietary recall. Blood samples were obtained following an overnight fasting. Serum concentrations of adipokines including progranulin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and Angiopoietin-related growth factor 6 (ANGPTL6) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ANCOVA and the linear regression model analysis was performed to assess the relationship between Progranulin, RBP4, AnGPTL6, and antioxidants. RESULTS: Mean age of included women was 39.31 ±â€¯12.10. Mean and standard deviation for BMI was 35.05 ±â€¯4.26 in this obese population. There was a positive significant association between ANGPTL6 and vitamin D intake (p < 0.001). Also, there was a marginal association between RBP4 and vitamin A (p = 0.063) intake, but after adjustment age, and fat mass, we found a significant association (p = 0.008). However, the associations between dietary antioxidants, progranulin, and ANGPTL6 were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: ANGPTL6 and RBP4 levels directly associated with dietary vitamins D and A intake, respectively. But, according to the results, the association between ANGPTL6 and vitamin D was bidirectional. The suggested associations probably can be useful in the development of interventional studies for management of chronic diseases.

Associations between dietary inflammatory index and incidence of breast and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores have been inconsistently linked to cancer risks. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the associations between the DII and the risks of breast and prostate cancer among men and women. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases up to March 2018. Data were available from 13 studies; of these, four studies used a prospective cohort design and nine studies were case-control studies. A total of 231 947 individuals from nine countries were included in these studies for the meta-analysis. The results were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: A pooled, adjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis indicated that there was a direct relationship between the highest versus lowest DII scores and prostate cancer risk in men (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04-1.57) but not the breast cancer risk (BCR) in women (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 0.96-2.33). In the subgroup analyses, a more significant association between DII score and increased BCR was noted in premenopausal (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.06-3.00) than in postmenopausal women (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 0.89-2.16). When the results were stratified by body mass index, a positive association was observed between DII score and increased BCR in women (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.48-2.18). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the highest versus lowest DII score and BCR among women who received hormone therapy (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.93-1.64). CONCLUSIONS: Men and premenopausal women who exhibit higher DII scores have increased prostate and breast cancer incidence risks, respectively. Moreover, body mass index had positive associations with the relationship between DII score and BCR in women. Further prospective cohort studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to support this possible association between DII score and cancer incidence.