Surgical results of transcutaneous bone-anchored hearing aid comparing the C-shaped and linear incision techniques.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare the operative time and postoperative complication outcomes for bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) implants using two different techniques: the C-shaped incision technique and the linear incision technique. METHODS: An analysis was carried out of 38 patients implanted with transcutaneous BAHAs during a 4-year period in a single otolaryngology department. RESULTS: The implantation was carried out under general anesthesia. Operative time was significant lower with the linear technique compared to the C-shaped technique (76.55 min, SD 16.75 vs. 93.17 min, SD 19.82; p = 0.007). There was no difference in postoperative complications between the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The use of linear incision for transcutaneous BAHA system implantation is associated with a reduced surgery time compared to the C-shaped technique, with no increase in postoperative complications.

Evaluation of nasal patency by acoustic rhinometry after repair of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to evaluate nasal patency by acoustic rhinometry in children aged 4-8 years with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) compared with an age-matched control group without cleft lip and palate (CLP). METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital and a private ENT clinic in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The case group consisted of 38 children who had undergone surgery for complete UCLP (mean age, 6.44 years), and the control group of 21 children without CLP (mean age, 6.21 years) recruited among patients seeking medical care for ear diseases at the private clinic. Acoustic rhinometry was performed in all children after administration of oxymetazoline hydrochloride (2 × 0.25 mg/mL) for nasal vasoconstriction. RESULTS: The minimal cross-sectional area and nasal volume of the cleft side were smaller than those of the non-cleft side in the case group (p = 0.001). When the two groups were compared, the non-cleft side in the case group did not differ from the control group (p = 0.175), but the minimal cross-sectional area and volume of the cleft nasal cavity were smaller than the mean values of the two nostrils of controls (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings show that nasal patency on the cleft side is impaired in children surgically treated for complete UCLP.

Tranexamic acid in adenotonsillectomy in children: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in pediatric otolaryngology, in which bleeding is a potential complication. We evaluated the efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative bleeding volume, and bleeding in the following 10 postoperative days in children who underwent adenotonsillectomy. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. PATIENTS: Ninety-five children of both sexes between four and twelve years old who underwent adenotonsillectomy due to adenotonsillar hyperplasia. INTERVENTIONS: Intravenous tranexamic acid in the preoperative and at the eighth and the sixteenth hours of the postoperative periods. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Bleeding volume was measured in milliliters (mL) at the end of the procedure, and bleeding events were registered in the following 10 postoperative days. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant reduction in bleeding volume with the use of tranexamic acid (mean ± standard deviation, 135.13 ± 71.44 [tranexamic acid] versus 158.21 ± 88.09 [placebo]; P=0.195). No difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative bleeding in the 10 postoperative days, but the sample size is insufficient to exclude a type 2 error. CONCLUSIONS: There is no benefit in the use of tranexamic acid for reducing bleeding during the transoperative period of adenotonsillectomy in children. More studies with a greater sample are required to evaluate the benefit of tranexamic acid in postoperative bleeding.

Association between otitis media and gastroesophageal reflux: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the association between otitis media and gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux in children. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane library, MEDLINE (1966-September 2011), EMBASE (1974-September 2011), proceedings of International Symposia on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, and reference lists of relevant selected articles. REVIEW METHODS: Studies with planned data collection, in children with chronic otitis media with effusion/recurrent acute otitis media, assessing gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux, pepsin/pepsinogen in middle ear, or antireflux therapy, were included. RESULTS: Of 242 initial studies, 15 met inclusion criteria. The authors found a mean prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with chronic otitis media with effusion of 48.4% (range, 17.6%-64%) and in children with recurrent acute otitis media of 62.9% (range, 61.5%-64.3%). A mean prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux of 48.6% (range, 27.3%-70.6%) was found in children with otitis media. Mean pepsin/pepsinogen presence in otitis media was 85.3% (range, 60%-100%) and of enzymatic activity was 34.2% (range, 14.5%-73%). Two randomized trials could not find benefit after antireflux treatment for 3 months, with an absolute rate difference (95% confidence interval) of 0.23 (0.023-0.42) and 0.13 (-0.086 to 0.34), respectively. Reporting of adverse events was limited, or absent, in most studies. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with chronic otitis media with effusion/recurrent acute otitis media may be higher than the overall prevalence for children. Presence of pepsin/pepsinogen in the middle ear could be related to physiologic reflux. A cause-effect relationship between pepsin/pepsinogen in the middle ear and otitis media is unclear. Antireflux therapy for otitis media cannot be endorsed based on existing research.

Topical clindamycin in post-adenotonsillectomy analgesia in children: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is one of the most common surgical procedures in pediatric otolaryngology. Pain is the main cause of morbidity in the postoperative period, where it is serious in some cases, leading to odynophagia and resultant complications such as dehydration. We evaluated the effect of topical clindamycin in the reduction of oropharyngeal pain in children who underwent adenotonsillectomy. Secondary outcomes were otalgia, analgesic use, oral bacterial count, type of diet, secondary bleeding, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-two children of both sexes between four and 12 years of age who underwent adenotonsillectomy were allocated to receive topical clindamycin or placebo in the immediate preoperative, intraoperative, and eight-to-12-hours postoperative periods. Pain was measured using a faces pain scale for five days. RESULTS: Reduction of oropharyngeal pain was significant with the use of clindamycin only on the first postoperative day (95% confidence interval, 2.22 to 4.41 [clindamycin] vs 4.53 to 6.3 [placebo]; P = .002). No difference was observed in the aerobic and anaerobic counts by tongue swab between premedication and third-postoperative-day samplings. There were no differences with respect to reduction in otalgia, paracetamol use, return to normal diet, variation in weight, secondary hemorrhage, vomiting, and fever. CONCLUSION: The use of topical clindamycin was beneficial in reducing pain on the first postoperative day, without effect on subsequent days. Future investigations could examine the use of topical clindamycin not only in the first 12 hours but also during five days of follow-up.

Topical sucralfate in post-adenotonsillectomy analgesia in children: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is one of the most common surgical procedures in pediatric otolaryngology. Despite its relative simplicity, pain is the main cause of morbidity in the postoperative period. We determined the effect of topical sucralfate on reduction of oropharyngeal pain in children submitted to adenotonsillectomy. Secondary outcomes were otalgia, analgesic use, type of diet, secondary bleeding, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-two children of both sexes between four and 12 years old submitted to adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. They were allocated to receive topical sucralfate or placebo in intraoperative and postoperative periods four times a day for five days. Pain was measured through faces pain scale. RESULTS: Reduction in oropharyngeal pain was significant with use of sucralfate during five days of evaluation (mean, 95% confidence interval, and P value); day 1: 2.05, 1.53-2.58, P = 0.000; day 2: 2.1, 1.51-2.70, P = 0.001; day 3: 1.44, 0.88-1.99, P = 0.003; day 4: 1.13, 0.58-1.55, P = 0.027; day 5: 0.67, 0.26-1.04, P = 0.021). There was no difference in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: We found beneficial effect of use of sucralfate in reduction of oropharyngeal pain in the postoperative period of adenotonsillectomy. However, topical sucralfate does not have a potent effect to the point of being utilized as a single analgesic treatment. Because it is simple, safe, tolerated, and low-cost, it is an important tool as adjuvant treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain.

Hemangioma apresentando-se como massa de canal auditivo externo / Hemangioma presenting as external ear canal mass

Lesões tumorais do meato acústico externo são achados pouco comuns na prática otorrinolaringológica diária. A possibilidade de hemangioma deve ser sempre lembrada. Descrever o caso de um paciente com hemangioma no conduto auditivo externo...

Tumoral lesions of external ear canal are uncommon findings in dailly. The possibility of hemangioma should always be remembered. To report a case of a patient with hemangioma in external ear canal...

Complicações intracranianas das otites médias crônicas supurativas em crianças / Intracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media in children

Apesar de sua significativa diminuição após o advento dos antibióticos, as complicações intracranianas das otites médias ainda representam uma situação de risco, uma vez que a taxa de mortalidade permanece alta, chegando a 36 por cento. Entre as formas mais comuns estão meningite, abscesso cerebral, abscesso extradural e tromboflebite do seio lateral. Um alto índice de suspeição é fundamental para seu diagnóstico e manejo precoces. É importante a identificação de casos atípicos que podem estar mascarados pelo uso de antimicrobianos. OBJETIVO: Apresentamos seis casos de complicações intracranianas por otite média em crianças e adolescentes ocorridos no período de dois anos no Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa (CHSC). FORMA DE ESTUDO: relato de série.

Intracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media in children.

UNLABELLED: In spite of significant decrease after antibiotic advent, intracranial complications of otitis media still represent a challenging situation owing to its high mortality rate (36%). The most common presentations are meningitis, cerebral abscess, extradural abscess and lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. For early management, it is necessary to have a high index of suspicion. It is important to identify non-typical cases because they might be masqueraded by antibiotic use. AIM: We present six cases of intracranial complications due to otitis media in children and adolescents at Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre for the past two years. STUDY DESIGN: Series review.

Tubos de ventilação e água / Tumpanostomy tubes and water

Objetivo: foi realizado pelos autores um estudo in vitro. com o propósito de determinar a pressão necessária de diferentes tipos de líquidos para vencer a resistência à passagem pelo orifício do tubo de ventilação. Métodos: foi criado um modelo de coluna de água, graduado em centímetros a partir da base. Foram adaptados 3 tipos de tubo de ventilação. Em cada um dos modelos, foi colocado água da torneira, do mar, da piscina, do rio, água da torneira com sabão e gota otológica. Preenchia-se o recipiente com microgotas, formando uma coluna líquida atÚ ocorrer escape. Anotava-se a altura da coluna de ßgua quando isso ocorria, sendo equivalente à pressão em centímetros de água (cmH20). Resultados: os resultados obtidos mostram que é necessário uma determinada pressão. para que lquidos atravessem o orifício dos tubos de ventilação. Conclusão: apesar das limitações dos resultados in vitro, a literatura atual demonstra que não há razão para proteger a orelha durante banho de chuveiro. no qual a água cai deforma indireta e sem pressão. O banho em banheira com água e sabão é potencialmente perigoso. Devido a redução da tensão superficial do líquido. A relação direta entre pressão dos liquidos versus a tensão superficial sobre o orifício do tubo de ventilação implica na necessidade de diminuir de alguma forma esta pressão durante os mergulhos em qualquer meio líquido e de evitar movimentos bruscos da cabeça dentro da água

Avaliação da eficácia do fator estimulador recombinnante humano de colônias de granulócitos "rhG-CSF" no tratamento da sepse de início precoce, em recém-nascidos prematuros / Assessing the efficacy of the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulanting factor \"rhG-CSF\" in the treatment oof eaarly neonatal sepsis in premature neonates

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia do fator estimulador recombinante humano de colônias de granulócitos (rhG-CSF) no tratamento da sepse de início precoce em recém-nascidos prematuros (RNP). Material e métodos: Foi desenvolvido um estudo randonizado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo em 44 RNP que tinham um "diagnóstico clínico" de sepse de início precoce. O grupo tratado (n=22) recebeu 10µg/kg/d de rhG-CSF, IV, uma vez ao dia, por 3 dias consecutivos, e o grupo placebo (n=22) recebeu o mesmo volume de uma solução, visualmente, indistingüível. Antes da primeira dose, antes da segunda e da terceira doses, e, novamente, 10 dias após a primeira dose, nós medimos o fator de necrose tumoral-a, a interleucina-6, o fator estimulador de colônias de granulócito-macrófago, o G-CSF, a contagem de leucócitos, a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos imaturos/total, a contagem de plaquetas e a concentração de hemoglobina. Uma aspiração da medula óssea foi realizada sete dias após a primeira dose, e, na seqüência, medimos o percentual do estoque de reserva medular de neutrófilos (NSP) e a relação NSP?NPP (NPP=estoque proliferativo medular de neutrófilos (NSP) e a relação NSP/NPP (NPP = estoque proliferativo medular de neurotrófilos). Resultados: Os grupos tratado e placebo eram semelhantes: idade gestacional (29 ñ 2 vs 31 ñ 3 semanas) e peso ao nascer 1376 ñ 491 vs 1404 ñ 508 gramas). Eles apresentaram os mesmos escores de Apgar e SNAP de 24 horas. Não houve nenhum óbito durante a primeira semana de vida no grupo tratado, enquanto que ocorreram três óbitos no grupo placebo. A adminstração de rhG-CSF não modificou as concentrações plasmáticas das citocinas, exceto a citocina G-CSF. Os níveis plasmáticos da G-CSF, contagem de leucócitos, contagem absoluta de neutrófilos, percentuais de NSP e relação NSP/NPP foram maiores no grupo tratado 24 horas e 72 horas após a primeira adminstração...

Patologia ossicular na otite média crônica: implicaçöes clínicas / Ossicular pathology in chronic otitis media: clinical implications

Objetivo: comparar a presença de alterações ossiculares na otite média crônica em pacientes com membrana timpânica íntegra e com tímpano perfurado. Materiais e métodos: Estudo baseado em análise hisstológica através de microscopia ótica. De um grupo e 1382 ossos temporais humanos, 144 foram escolhidos por apresentarem alterações individuais compatíveis com otite media crônica. Estes osso foram retirados de 96 indivíduos, 55 mascul., 41 fem., com idades variando entre 10 meses a 88 anos. Apenas 28 apresentavam membrana timpânica perfurada, enquianto 116 ossos temporais humanos a tinham íntegra...

Papilomatose de laringe / Laryngeal papillomatosis

A papilomatose de laringe é a neoplasia benigna que mais frequentemente acomete a laringe, tanto em crianças quanto em adultos, causada pelo papiloma virus humano, em especial pelos tipos 6 e 11. A apresentação clínica é variável e a evolução praticamente imprevisível, devido especialmente ao alto grau de recorrência típico desta entidade...