Effect of different post-partum therapeutic protocols with intrauterine oxytetracycline, oxytocin and/or GnRH injection in post-kidding goats on oxytetracyclines residues in goat milk and postpartum ovarian resumption with referring to clinical and haematological pictures.

BACKGROUND: The post-parturient period in goat had marked changes in an animal's endocrine and metabolic status as well as by reduction in feed intake when the nutrient demand for impending lactogenesis was increasing. The current study aimed to monitor the residues of oxytetracycline in Baladi goat milk and their hazards on public health as well as the time required until complete disappearance of this medicament from milk through following up periods included 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 120 h in post-kidding goat following intrauterine application of oxytetracycline. The study also compared between the efficacy of oxytetracycline only, oxytetracycline with oxytocin, or oxytetracycline with GnRH, through monitoring the clinical findings and haematological pictures at days 0, 5 and 7 post-partum as well as studying the changes in numbers and size of follicles at days 15, 30 and 45 postpartum after different treatments strategies in different groups i.e. Control healthy goat (Contgr), Oxytetracycline treated goat (Oxytetgr), Oxytetracycline-oxytocin treated goat (Oxytet-Oxytogr) and Oxytetracycline-GnRH treated goat (Oxytet-GnRHgr). The study was carried out on clinically healthy Baladi goats (n = 40) that gave birth recently. They were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 10 goats for each); Contgr which received no medication after birth, Oxytetgr which administrated oxytetracycline tablets intrauterine at day of birth, Oxytet-Oxytogr which treated by oxytetracycline tablets intrauterine at day of birth followed by oxytocin injection at 3rd day after birth, and Oxytet-GnRHgr which treated by oxytetracycline tablets intrauterine at day of birth followed by GNRH injection at 3rd day after birth. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded the highest oxytetracyclines residues in goats' milk were reported after 36 h following intrauterine oxytetracycline application where complete disappearance of oxytetracyclines residues in goats' milk required 120 h elapsed after intrauterine oxytetracycline application in which the goats milk became safe for human consumption. The study also reported powerful influence of the applied variable therapeutic regimens on post-partum ovarian resumption through clear significant variations in numbers and sizes of follicles either between different goats' groups within the same day, or between days 15, 30 and 45 post-partum within each independent goat group.

Comparative study of efficacy of prepartum injection of multivitamins and selenium- vitamin E (ά-tocopherol)-combination on post-partum clinical findings, serum steroids, calf and placental weights, and milk antioxidant biomarkers changes in female dromedary camel.

Background: All concentrates given to camels were enriched in selenium (Se) in selenite form. The impacts of Se supplementation on lactating female health, milk, and Se/antioxidant statuses received no research interest. Aim: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of long-term prepartum injection of Se-vitamin E combination and multivitamins on maternal post-calving clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, milk antioxidants, milk somatic cell count (SCC) status, calf body weight, placental weight (PW), and vaginal wash isolates. Methods: From three equal groups of postpartum she-camels (n = 45), one group received no treatment and served as control group (Cont.; n = 15). For 3 months prepartum, one group had received a combination of vitamin E (ά-tocopherol) and Se (VitE-Se-; n = 15), and the third one received multivitamins (Multi-; n = 15). All dams were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Se, vitamin E, and milk SCC on Days 14, 21, and 28 post-calving. Steroid hormones and calf and PW were estimated at birth (Day 0). Results: The study reported higher efficacy of Se-vitamin E combination comparing with that of multivitamins as a long-term prepartum injection in recently calved she-camels that was reflected through significant changes in steroids hormones (Drop), i.e., progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), the milk antioxidant biomarkers (Elevation), i.e., TAC, Se, vitamin E, and milk SCCs (Reduction). Both two therapeutic regimens had a more powerful effect that the control one. Conclusion: The applied therapeutic supplements had no significant effect on clinical and hematological changes as well as calves' body weights and PWs. Body weights were significantly higher in male camel calves than those of female calves either in Cont., VitE-Se-, or Multi-.

Impact of vitamin AD3E treatment before application of controlled intra-vaginal drug releaser on clinical and hematologic findings, ovarian hormones, and calving rates in she-camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Background: The scope of using controlled intra-vaginal drug releasers (CIDR) in the camel industry was small relative to that of cow, sheep, and goat. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intramuscular injection of AD3E (25 ml/400 kg) as a premedication protocol before CIDR treatment on ovarian hormones profile and calving rate in dromedary she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) through measuring concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) before, during, and after CIDR use. Methods: The study was conducted on she-camels (C. dromedarius) (n = 24) aged between 6 and 14 years. The animals were assigned into two equal groups: CIDR treated group (CIDRgr) and AD3E plus CIDR treated group (CIDR+ gr). Results: Except for hemoglobin, the clinical and hematological findings showed no remarkable change either within each independent group or between CIDRgr and CIDR+ gr. Serum P4 and E2 concentrations differed significantly between the first 7 days (during CIDR use) and days from 9 to 15 (after CIDR use) in dromedary camels. Serum concentrations of P4 and E2 showed significant elevation at CIDR+ gr at day 0 compared with CIDRgr. This significant increase in serum of P4 and E2 at CIDR+ gr compared to those of CIDRgr was also observed either during CIDR use (days 3, 5, and 7) or after CIDR use (days 9, 11, 13, and 15). During CIDR use, serum concentrations of P4 were negatively correlated with those of E2 either in CIDRgr or CIDR+ gr, however, they were positively correlated after CIDR removal either in CIDRgror CIDR+ gr. Regarding the calving rate, it was highest in CIDR+ gr whereas CIDRgr showed the lowest one. Conclusion: It was concluded that the AD3E pretreatment protocol of she-camels before insertion of CIDR could be used successfully during the breeding season to improve fertility in she-camels whereas the serum ovarian hormones profile and calving rates were clearly changed due to pretreatment of she-camels with AD3E before CIDR insertion.

Ovarian hormones and antioxidant biomarkers in dromedary camels synchronized with new and re-used controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR)/GPG (Ovsynch) program during breeding season.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of CIDR, re-used wCIDR, and Ovsynch protocols for the synchronization of follicular waves on ovarian hormones, oxidative stress, and antioxidant biomarkers during the breeding season. Dromedary camels (N = 18) were divided into three equal groups. The first group received CIDR. The second group received previously used wCIDR after thorough cleaning and disinfection. The third group was subjected to GPG protocol. Progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2) l, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxide product (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione reduced (GSH) were measured. Days during CIDR affected P4 (P = 0.0001), E2 (P = 0.047), TAC (P = 0.01), NO (P = 0.028), and GSH (P = 0.005). Days during re-used wCIDR effected P4, TAC, CAT, NO, GSH, and MDA (P ≤ 0.001). Days during GPG effected P4, E2, TAC, GSH (P = 0.0001), MDA (P = 0.036), and NO (P = 0.02). CIDR-treated camels had high P4 (P = 0.0001), E2 (P = 0.0001), TAC (P = 0.012), and NO (P = 0.0001), with low GSH (P = 0.001), and MDA (P = 0.003). Exogenous progesterone improved ovarian hormones and the antioxidant capacity and minimized the oxidative stress than the GPG treatment and is recommended for future reproductive management of camels.