[Enteroviral infections in adults treated with rituximab: A new case of chronic meningitis and myofasciitis and literature review]. / Infections à entérovirus de l'adulte traité par rituximab : un nouveau cas de méningite et myofasciite chronique et revue de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic enterovirus infections can occur in primary immunodeficiency with hypogammaglobulinemia. They usually associate meningitis and myofasciitis. Such infections have also been described in adults with rituximab-induced hypogammaglobulinemia. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 33-year-old woman who was given rituximab for immune thrombocytopenia and developed rituximab-induced hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG 4.4g/L). One year after the last rituximab infusion, she developed lower limbs myofasciitis, followed two months later by a chronic lymphocytic meningitis. PCR in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid at the time of the meningitis and the myofasciitis were positive to the same enterovirus (echovirus 11) while it was negative in the fascia biopsy. Under treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, all symptoms and laboratory abnormalities improved and enterovirus PCR became negative. CONCLUSION: We report a case of chronic enterovirus infection associating meningitis and myofasciitis in an adult with rituximab-induced hypogammaglobulinemia. Outcome was favorable under treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins.

Imaging in lower urinary tract infections.

In epididymo-orchitis, a sonogram shows a non-homogenous and hypertrophied epididymis and testis, with increased vascularisation seen on a Doppler sonogram. Abscesses must be investigated using sonography so that a necrotic tumour is not misdiagnosed. In prostatitis, sonography is indicated to investigate urine retention and where treatment has failed (to look for a blockage, an abscess, or pyelonephritis). Endorectal sonography is the best imaging modality for analysing the parenchyma, but otherwise has limited value. Chronic prostatitis is the main differential diagnosis from prostate cancer; the two may be distinguished using diffusion MRI. In cases of cystitis, imaging is indicated when a patient has recurrent cystitis (to investigate what the causative factors might be), or an infection with a less common bacterium (to look for calcifications, emphysema, any involvement of the upper urinary tract), and in cases of cystitis with pseudotumour.