Recurrence After Biopsy-Confirmed Cervical High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion Followed by Negative Conization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study is to assess the recurrence rate (as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ [CIN2+]) in patients who had a confirmed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN2-3) in a cervical biopsy specimen followed by a negative conization specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Ovid/MEDLINE, Ovid/Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception until January 2023. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID number CRD42023393951). The search identified 3,089 articles; 1,530 were removed as duplicates, and 1,559 titles and abstracts were assessed for inclusion. The full text of 26 studies was assessed for eligibility, and finally, 12 studies with 1,036 patients were included. All included studies were retrospective cohort studies. A proportion meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: For patients with negative conization specimens, the recurrence rate as CIN2+ during follow-up was 6% (95% CI, 1.8%-12.1%; I2 = 49.2; p < .0001, 215 patients and 4 studies) in the proportion meta-analysis, ranging from 0.3% to 13.0% for the individual studies. For patients with ≤CIN1 conization specimens, the recurrence rate as CIN2+ during follow-up was 3.6% (95% CI, 1.2%-7%; I2 = 75.1; p < .0001, 991 patients and 10 studies) in the proportion meta-analysis and ranged from 0.6% to 13.0% for the individual studies. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence rate as CIN2+ for patients with a confirmed high-grade intraepithelial lesion on a cervical biopsy followed by a negative conization specimen is 6%. In patients with negative and CIN1 conization specimens, the recurrence rate is 3.6%.

Diagnostic accuracy of sentinel lymph node frozen section analysis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative SLN frozen section analysis compared with ultrastaging in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist. MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until February 2023. The inclusion criteria were patients with early-stage cervical cancer (2018 FIGO stage I-II), consisting of the histological subtype squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma (≥90% of the patients in each study), who underwent SLN detection (with any tracer) and intraoperative frozen section followed by SLN ultrastaging. Randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies were considered. The detection rates and measures of diagnostic accuracy were pooled using a random effects univariate model. A preplanned subgroup meta-analysis was conducted, with isolated tumor cells excluded as positive lymph nodes. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023397147). RESULTS: The search identified 190 articles, with 153 studies considered potentially eligible after removing duplicates. Fourteen studies met the selection criteria, including a total of 1720 patients. Seven studies were retrospective, and the other seven were prospective. Frozen section analysis detected 159 of 292 (54.5%) patients with lymph node metastases. In 281 patients the type of volume metastasis was reported: 1 of 41 (2.4%) patients had isolated tumor cells, 21 of 78 (26.9%) patients had micrometastases, and 133 of 162 (82.1%) patients had macrometastases. The pooled sensitivity of intraoperative SLN frozen section analysis was 65% (95% CI, 51-77%) for macrometastases, micrometastases, and isolated tumor cells. When we excluded patients with isolated tumor cells, the pooled sensitivity increased to 72% (95% CI, 60-82%). CONCLUSION: SLN frozen section detects 65% of lymph node metastases compared with SLN ultrastaging and may prevent unnecessary radical surgery in some patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

Definitive pelvic radiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed stage IVB cervical cancer: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the oncologic outcomes of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 stage IVB cervical cancer receiving definitive pelvic radiotherapy compared with systemic chemotherapy (with or without palliative pelvic radiotherapy). METHODS: This study was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022333433). A systematic literature review was conducted following the MOOSE checklist. MEDLINE (through Ovid), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until August 2022. The inclusion criteria were patients with metastatic FIGO 2018 stage IVB cervical cancer, a histologic subtype of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma that received definitive pelvic radiotherapy (≥45 Gy) as part of management compared with systemic chemotherapy with or without palliative (30 Gy) pelvic radiotherapy. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies with two arms of comparison were considered. RESULTS: The search identified 4653 articles; 26 studies were considered potentially eligible after removing duplicates, and 8 met the selection criteria. In total, 2424 patients were included. There were 1357 and 1067 patients in the definitive radiotherapy and chemotherapy groups, respectively. All included studies were retrospective cohort studies, and two were database population studies. The median overall survival reported in seven studies for the definitive radiotherapy arm versus systemic chemotherapy groups were 63.7 months versus 18.4 months (p<0.01), 14 months versus 16 months (p value not reported), 17.6 months versus 10.6 months (p<0.01), 32 months versus 24 months (p<0.01), 17.3 months versus 10 months (p<0.01), and 41.6 months versus 17.6 months (p<0.01), and not reached versus 19 months (p=0.13) respectively, favoring the groups that received definitive pelvic radiotherapy. The high clinical heterogeneity precluded the performance of meta-analysis, and all studies were at serious risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive pelvic radiotherapy as part of treatment in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer may improve oncologic outcomes compared with systemic chemotherapy (with or without palliative radiotherapy); however, this is based on low-quality data. Prospective evaluation would be ideal before the adoption of this intervention in standard clinical practice.

Risk of neonatal hospitalization associated to delivery by cesarean section in a high complexity clinic in Bogotá, Colombia, 2018 / Riesgo de hospitalización del neonato asociado a la cesárea en una institución de alta complejidad en bogotá, colombia, 2018

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre parto por cesárea y hospitalización del neonato, y describir las indicaciones de cesárea según los grupos de Robson en el servicio de obstetricia de una institución general de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron todos los nacimientos ocurridos entre marzo y julio de 2018 en un hospital general de enseñanza de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia, mediante muestreo consecutivo. Tamaño muestral de 1040 gestantes. Se describe la frecuencia de cesárea, las indicaciones, los resultados neonatales por cada grupo de Robson y el riesgo de hospitalización neonatal por medio del odds ratio (OR) crudo y crudo y ajustado por análisis multivariado. Resultados: se incluyeron 1493 nacimientos, de los cuales 539 (36,3 %) fueron por cesárea. Las mujeres con antecedente de cicatriz uterina, programadas para cesárea electiva y las hospitalizadas para inducción aportan la mayoría de cesáreas. Las principales indicaciones para esta intervención fueron sospecha de estado fetal insatisfactorio y alteraciones del trabajo de parto. Ajustado por peso al nacer, la cesárea incrementó el riesgo global de hospitalización del neonato (OR ajustado [ORa] = 2,2; IC 99 %: 1,3-3,7). Conclusiones: en la institución se identificaron grupos de Robson susceptibles de intervención para disminuir la tasa de cesáreas ante la sospecha de estado fetal insatisfactorio y prolongación del trabajo de parto. Se encontró una asociación entre el parto por cesárea y la posterior hospitalización del recién nacido. Se requieren estudios controlados aleatorizados que determinen el beneficio de las estrategias para reducir la tasa de cesárea y validar la asociación encontrada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between cesarean delivery and hospitalization of the newborn and describe the indications for cesarean according to Robson's groups in the obstetrics service of a highly complex general institution. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. All births occurred between March and July 2018 in a high complexity general teaching hospital in Bogotá, Colombia were included, by consecutive sampling up to a sample size of 1040 pregnant women. The frequency of caesarean section, indications, neonatal outcomes for each Robson group, and the risk of neonatal hospitalization are described using the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) using multivariate analysis. Results: 1,493 births were included, of which 539 (36.3 %) were by cesarean section. Women with a history of uterine scar scheduled for elective caesarean section and those hospitalized for induction provide the majority of caesarean sections. The main indications for cesarean section were suspicion of unsatisfactory fetal status and prolongued labor. Adjusted for birth weight, caesarean section increased the overall risk of neonatal hospitalization (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2,2; IC 99 %: 1,3-3,7). Conclusions: There are groups of Robson susceptible of intervention to decrease the rate of caesarean sections due to the suspicion of unsatisfactory fetal status and prolongation of labor. An association was found between cesarean delivery and subsequent neonatal hospitalization. Randomized controlled studies are required to determine the benefit of the strategies to reduce cesarean section rates and evaluate the association found.

Cervical carcinosarcoma: Case report and review of the literature / Carcinosarcoma del cuello uterino: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the case of a patient with cervical carcinosarcoma and intra-abdominal bleeding, and to review the available literature on the treatment and prognosis of this condition. Materials and methods: Case report of an 84-year-old patient who presented with an abdominal mass and urinary tract obstruction. During hospital stay, she developed intra-abdominal bleeding with signs of shock, requiring total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpyngo-oophorectomy, hypogastric artery ligation and pelvic packing as interventions to control bleeding. Histology reported a diagnosis of carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix. The patient evolved adequately and was referred for oncologic management. The search in the literature was conducted in the Medline vía PubMed, SciELO and Ovid databases, using the terms "uterine carcinosarcoma" "treatment" "cancer treatment" "treatment review" and "treatment outcome". The search was limited by language type but not by year of publication. Results: Of the references, 19 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and they were predominantly case reports. The clinical stage most frequently reported was FIGO IB in close to 53% of cases, and the most frequent presentation was genital bleeding associated with a pelvic mass. With an average follow-up of 15 months, survival in patients receiving radiotherapy or taken to surgery is 17% and 68%, respectively. Of the patients taken to surgery as primary treatment, 63% remained disease-free during the first two years of follow-up, with a frequency of nearly 100% during the same period when radiotherapy was given after surgery. Conclusions: Cervical carcinosarcoma is an infrequent condition whose most common clinical manifestation is the presence of genital bleeding accompanied by a pelvic mass. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are therapeutic options available for the treatment of this entity. However, regardless of the treatment provided, survival prognosis in women with this disease is lower than in women with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Further studies of high methodological quality are required to assess the safety and effectiveness of the various interventions used as therapeutic approach to this entity.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reportar el caso de una paciente con carcinosarcoma del cuello uterino con sangrado intraabdominal, y revisar la literatura disponible sobre el tratamiento y pronóstico de la entidad. Materiales y métodos: se reporta el caso de una paciente de 84 años, que consultó por masa abdominal y obstrucción del tracto urinario. Durante la estancia hospitalaria presentó sangrado intraabdominal con signos de choque, por lo que fue necesario realizar histerectomía abdominal total con salpingo-oforectomía bilateral, ligadura de hipogástricas y taponamiento de cavidad pélvica como intervenciones para controlar el sangrado. El estudio histológico reportó como diagnóstico carcinosarcoma del cérvix. La paciente evolucionó de forma adecuada y fue remitida para continuar manejo por oncología. Para la búsqueda de la literatura se realizó una pesquisa en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, SciELO y Ovid, utilizando los términos "uterinecarcinosarcoma" "treatment "cáncer treatment" "treatmentreview" y "treatmentoutcome". La búsqueda se limitó por tipo de idioma, pero no por año de publicación. Resultados: 19 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión, estas fueron predominantemente reportes de caso. El estadio clínico reportado con mayor frecuencia fue FIGO IB en cerca del 53 % de los casos, y la presentación más frecuente fue el sangrado genital acompañado de masa pélvica. Con un seguimiento promedio de 15 meses, la sobrevida para este tumor es del 17 % para las pacientes que recibieron radioterapia. El 63 % de las pacientes que recibieron cirugía como tratamiento primario permanecieron libres de enfermedad durante los dos primeros años de seguimiento, con una frecuencia cercana al 100% para este mismo periodo cuando se administró radioterapia posterior a la cirugía. Conclusiones: el carcinosarcoma de cérvix es una entidad poco frecuente, cuya manifestación clínica más común suele ser la presencia de sangrado genital acompañado de masa pélvica. Dentro de las opciones terapéuticas disponibles para tratar esta entidad se encuentran la cirugía, la radio y la quimioterapia. No obstante, independientemente del tratamiento proporcionado, el pronóstico de sobrevida para las mujeres con esta patología es inferior al de las mujeres con carcinomas escamosos o adenocarcinomas. Se requieren estudios de alta calidad metodológica que evalúen la seguridad y la efectividad de las diferentes intervenciones para el abordaje terapéutico de esta entidad.