Spatially mapping the immune landscape of melanoma using imaging mass cytometry.

Melanoma is an immunogenic cancer with a high response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It harbors a high mutation burden compared with other cancers and, as a result, has abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within its microenvironment. However, understanding the complex interplay between the stroma, tumor cells, and distinct TIL subsets remains a substantial challenge in immune oncology. To properly study this interplay, quantifying spatial relationships of multiple cell types within the tumor microenvironment is crucial. To address this, we used cytometry time-of-flight (CyTOF) imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to simultaneously quantify the expression of 35 protein markers, characterizing the microenvironment of 5 benign nevi and 67 melanomas. We profiled more than 220,000 individual cells to identify melanoma, lymphocyte subsets, macrophage/monocyte, and stromal cell populations, allowing for in-depth spatial quantification of the melanoma microenvironment. We found that within pretreatment melanomas, the abundance of proliferating antigen-experienced cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD45RO+Ki67+) and the proximity of antigen-experienced cytotoxic T cells to melanoma cells were associated with positive response to ICIs. Our study highlights the potential of multiplexed single-cell technology to quantify spatial cell-cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment to understand immune therapy responses.

Tornando-se pai: uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a transição para a paternidade / Becoming a father: an integrative review of the literature on transition to fatherhood / Convertirse en padre: una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre la transición a la paternidad

Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa de artigos nacionais e internacionais sobre o tema da transição para a paternidade publicados entre 2006 e 2014. Foram consultadas as bases de dados EBSCO, PsycINFO, SciELO Regional e PEPSIC, resultando em 25 artigos indexados, que foram analisados em relação ao ano de publicação, país, metodologia, temática e resultados. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro grandes grupos, intitulados: "o pai consigo mesmo", "o pai, a mãe e o bebê", "o pai e a rede de apoio formal" e "o pai, o trabalho e a sociedade". No grupo, "o pai consigo mesmo", destaca-se a vivência da paternidade como uma revolução interna, acompanhada de intensa sobrecarga emocional, ambivalência, solidão e idealização da relação pai-bebê. No grupo, "o pai, a mãe e o bebê", percebe-se uma intensa transformação na vida conjugal, no qual o pai tende a ser mais ativo na relação com o bebê, porém modulado pela presença materna. No grupo "o pai, o trabalho e a sociedade", percebemos a falta de preparo dos profissionais para lidar com as demandas paternas, bem como a inexistência de políticas sociais e de saúde voltadas à relação pai-bebê. No grupo "o pai, o trabalho e a sociedade", destacamos o uso de redes informais de apoio e o surgimento de modelos horizontais de identificação paterna. Foram discutidos tendências e hiatos nas pesquisas atuais no campo da transição para a paternidade, no sentido da constituição de um novo pai.

This study aims to conduct an integrative review of national and international articles on the subject of the transition to fatherhood published between 2006 and 2014. EBSCO, PsycINFO, SciELO Regional and PEPSIC databases were consulted resulting in 25 indexed articles, which were analyzed in relation to year of publication, country, methodology, thematic and results. The findings were grouped in four major groups, entitled: "the father with himself", "the father, the mother and the baby", "the father and formal support network" and "the father, the work and the society". In the group "the father with himself", there is fatherhood experience as an internal revolution, accompanied by intense emotional overload, ambivalence, solitude and idealization of the parent-child relationship. In the group "the father, the mother and the baby" is perceived an intense transformation in married life, where the father tends to be more active in relation to the baby, but modulated by the maternal presence. In the group "the father, and the formal support network", we see the lack of preparation of professionals to deal with parental demands, and the absence of social and health policies for the parent-child relationship. In the group "the father, the work and the society", we highlight the use of informal support networks and the emergence of horizontal patterns of paternal identification. We discussed the main trends and gaps in the research on transition to fatherhood, towards the constitution of a new father.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo una revisión integradora de los artículos nacionales e internacionales sobre el tema de la transición a la paternidad publicados entre 2006 y 2014. Hemos consultado las bases de datos EBSCO, PsycINFO, SciELO regionale y PePSIC, dando como resultado 25 artículos indexados, que fueron analizados en relación con el año de publicación, país, metodología, el tema y los resultados. Los resultados fueron agrupados en cuatro grandes grupos, titulado: "el padre mismo", "el padre, la madre y el bebé", "el padre y la red de apoyo formal" y "el padre, el trabajo y la sociedad". En el grupo "el padre mismo", hay una experiência de la paternidad cómo una revolución interna, acompañada por una intensa sobrecarga emocional, ambivalencia, soledad y idealización de la relación padre-hijo. En el grupo "el padre, la madre y el bebé" se percibe una intensa transformación en la vida conyugal, donde el padre tiende a ser más activo en relación con el bebé, pero moduladas por la presencia materna. En el grupo "el padre, el trabajo y la sociedad", vemos la falta de preparación de los profesionales para hacer frente a las demandas de los padres, y la ausencia de políticas sociales y de salud para la relación padre-hijo. En el grupo "padre,el trabajo y la sociedad", destacamos el uso de las redes informales de apoyo y la aparición de patrones horizontales de identificación paterna. Las tendencias y las lagunas en la investigación actual se discutieron en el campo de la transición a la paternidad, hacia el establecimiento de un nuevo padre.

Comparison of effects of the ethanolic extracts of brazilian propolis on human leukemic cells as assessed with the MTT assay.

Propolis is a resinous product collected by honey bees. It was also reported that propolis has a wide variety of biological actions, including antimicrobial activity and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and suppressive effects of dioxin toxicity activities. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro cytotoxic activities of green propolis (G12) and red propolis (G13) in human leukemia cells. These cells were incubated with different concentrations of propolis and 48 hours after the IC(50) was calculated for each cell. The results showed that the red propolis has cytotoxic effect in vitro higher than green propolis. Red propolis was showed to be cytostatic in K562 cells and caused the same amount of apoptosis as its control Gleevec. In conclusion, these results showed that red propolis is more cytotoxic than the green propolis in a variety of human cell lines of leukemia. Red propolis may contain drugs capable of inhibiting cancer cell growth. Therefore, further isolation of respective chemical ingredients from the red propolis (G13) for identification of the activities is necessary.