PrOgnosis in Pulmonary Embolism (PoPE): 30-Day mortality risk score based on five admission parameters.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Several scoring systems have been developed for risk stratification in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and its simplified version (sPESI) are among the most used, however the high number of variables hinder its application. Our aim was to derive an easy-to-perform score based on simple parameters obtained at admission to predict 30-day mortality in acute PE patients. METHODS: Retrospective study in 1115 patients with acute PE from two institutions (derivation cohort n=835, validation cohort n=280). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Statistically and clinically relevant variables were selected for multivariable Cox regression analysis. We derived and validated a multivariable risk score model and compared to other established scores. RESULTS: The primary endpoint occurred in 207 patients (18.6%). Our model included five variables weighted as follows: modified shock index ≥1.1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 1.68-3.92, p<0.001), active cancer (HR 2.27, 1.45-3.56, p<0.001), altered mental state (HR 3.82, 2.50-5.83, p<0.001), serum lactate concentration ≥2.50 mmol/L (HR 5.01, 3.25-7.72, p<0.001), and age ≥80 years (HR 1.95, 1.26-3.03, p=0.003). The prognostic ability was superior to other scores (area under curve [AUC] 0.83 [0.79-0.87] vs 0.72 [0.67-0.79] in PESI and 0.70 [0.62-0.75] in sPESI, p<0.001) and its performance in the validation cohort was deemed good (73 events in 280 patients, 26.1%, AUC=0.76, 0.71-0.82, p<0.0001) and superior to other scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The PoPE score (https://tinyurl.com/ybsnka8s) is an easy tool with superior performance to predict early mortality in patients admitted for PE with non-high-risk PE.

Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como ferramenta para diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde com COVID-19 / PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a tool for social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers with COVID-19 / Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como herramienta para el diagnóstico social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19

Objetivo: evidenciar os diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na pandemia e acometidos por COVID-19, aplicando modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudo documental, quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir do modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que norteia intervenções, partindo do diagnóstico faseado para implementar ações. Dados obtidos em 215 prontuários de trabalhadores com COVID-19, atendidos no serviço ocupacional hospitalar em Macapá, entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mulheres (81,9%), pardas/pretas (79%), idade entre 40/55 anos (53,4%), técnicas de enfermagem (40%), da nefrologia (10,2%), vínculo estadual/federal (91,6%) superior a 10 anos (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: cefaleia (53,5%), tosse (51,6%), febre (47,9%). Teste rápido (76,3%), atendimento ambulatorial (90,2%), afastamento de 8 a 14 dias (45,1%), 100% curados, sequelas em 12,6%. Sem diferença significativa quanto ao afastamento por função exercida. Dispneia, dor torácica e sequelas da doença tem maior chance de afastamento. Conclusão: a aplicação do modelo possibilita planejar ações de conscientização/prevenção sobre risco, adoecimento, acidente laboral e cuidados à saúde dos trabalhadores.

Objective: to highlight the social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers working in the pandemic and affected by COVID-19, applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: documentary, quantitative, observational, retrospective study, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which guides interventions, starting from phased diagnosis to implement actions. Data obtained from 215 medical records of workers with COVID-19, treated at the hospital occupational service in Macapá, between 2020 and 2021. Results: social diagnosis: women (81.9%), brown/black (79%), aged between 40/ 55 years old (53.4%), nursing technicians (40%), nephrology (10.2%), state/federal employment (91.6%) for more than 10 years (60.4%). Epidemiological Diagnosis: headache (53.5%), cough (51.6%), fever (47.9%). Rapid test (76.3%), outpatient care (90.2%), sick leave of 8 to 14 days (45.1%), 100% cured, sequelae in 12.6%. No significant difference in terms of leave by function performed. Dyspnea, chest pain and sequelae of the disease have a greater chance of sick leave. Conclusion: the application of the model makes it possible to plan awareness/prevention actions regarding risk, illness, occupational accidents and workers' health care.

Objetivo: visibilizar los diagnósticos social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la pandemia y afectados por el COVID-19, aplicando el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudio documental, cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que orienta las intervenciones, a partir del diagnóstico por fases para implementar de acciones. Los datos se obtuvieron de 215 historias clínicas de trabajadores con COVID-19, atendidos en el servicio ocupacional hospitalario de Macapá, entre 2020 y 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mujeres (81,9%), morenas/negras (79%), edades entre 40/ 55 años (53,4%), técnicos en enfermería (40%), del área de nefrología (10,2%), empleo estatal/federal (91,6%) con más de 10 años (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: dolor de cabeza (53,5%), tos (51,6%), fiebre (47,9%). Prueba rápida (76,3%), atención ambulatoria (90,2%), baja laboral de 8 a 14 días (45,1%), 100% curados, secuelas en un 12,6%. No hay diferencia significativa en términos de licencias por función desempeñada. La disnea, el dolor torácico y las secuelas de la enfermedad tienen mayor probabilidad de ocasionar la baja laboral. Conclusiones: la aplicación del modelo permite planificar acciones de concienciación/prevención en cuanto al riesgo, enfermedades, accidentes laborales y atención de la salud de los trabajadores.

Temporal patterns of cytokine and injury biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with methylprednisolone.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with complex pathophysiological effects in various organ systems. Following the COVID-19, there are shifts in biomarker and cytokine equilibrium associated with altered physiological processes arising from viral damage or aggressive immunological response. We hypothesized that high daily dose methylprednisolone improved the injury biomarkers and serum cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Injury biomarker and cytokine analysis was performed on 50 SARS-Cov-2 negative controls and 101 hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: 49 methylprednisolone-treated (MP group) and 52 placebo-treated serum samples. Samples from the treated groups collected on days D1 (pre-treatment) all the groups, D7 (2 days after ending therapy) and D14 were analyzed. Luminex assay quantified the biomarkers HMGB1, FABP3, myoglobin, troponin I and NTproBNP. Immune mediators (CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1ß) were quantified using cytometric bead array. Results: At pretreatment, the two treatment groups were comparable demographically. At pre-treatment (D1), injury biomarkers (HMGB1, TnI, myoglobin and FABP3) were distinctly elevated. At D7, HMGB1 was significantly higher in the MP group (p=0.0448) compared to the placebo group, while HMGB1 in the placebo group diminished significantly by D14 (p=0.0115). Compared to healthy control samples, several immune mediators (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, MIG, MCP-1, and IP-10) were considerably elevated at baseline (all p≤0.05). At D7, MIG and IP-10 of the MP-group were significantly lower than in the placebo-group (p=0.0431, p=0.0069, respectively). Longitudinally, IL-2 (MP-group) and IL-17A (placebo-group) had increased significantly by D14. In placebo group, IL-2 and IL-17A continuously increased, as IL-12p70, IL-10 and IP-10 steadily decreased during follow-up. The MP treated group had IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-12p70 progressively increase while IL-1ß and IL-10 gradually decreased towards D14. Moderate to strong positive correlations between chemokines and cytokines were observed on D7 and D14. Conclusion: These findings suggest MP treatment could ameliorate levels of myoglobin and FABP3, but appeared to have no impact on HMGB1, TnI and NTproBNP. In addition, methylprednisolone relieves the COVID-19 induced inflammatory response by diminishing MIG and IP-10 levels. Overall, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) use in COVID-19 management influences the immunological molecule and injury biomarker profile in COVID-19 patients.

Autonomia do paciente ante a vacinação contra covid-19 / Patient autonomy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine / Autonomía del paciente ante la vacunación contra la covid-19

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 causou uma grave crise de saúde pública e a vacinação se tornou uma importante ação para o enfrentamento da doença. Entretanto, a hesitação vacinal representa uma barreira no esforço para alcançar a imunidade coletiva. Deve-se considerar que tal recusa é um direito decorrente da autonomia do paciente e pode ser influenciada por fatores como política, confiança nos governantes, ceticismo em relação à indústria farmacêutica e exposição midiática, no contexto da pandemia. Diante disso, conhecer tais aspectos faz-se necessário a fim de minimizar esse problema e promover maior aceitação da vacina, por meio de amplos esforços das autoridades de saúde pública.

Abstract Amidst the serious public health crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination became a key measure to combat the disease; however, vaccination refusal or hesitancy hinders the efforts to reach collective immunity. Such refusal is a right arising from patient autonomy and can be influenced by political factors, trust in governments, skepticism towards the pharmaceutical industry, and media exposure. Thus, knowledge of these aspects added to public health efforts is paramount to mitigate refusal and promote vaccination acceptance.

Resumen La pandemia de la covid-19 causó una grave crisis de salud pública, y la vacunación es una acción importante para enfrentar la enfermedad. Sin embargo, la vacilación ante la vacuna representa una barrera en el esfuerzo por lograr la inmunidad colectiva. Se puede considerar que esta negativa es un derecho que surge de la autonomía del paciente y que puede estar influenciada por los factores como la política, la confianza en los gobernantes, el escepticismo hacia la industria farmacéutica y la exposición a los medios en el contexto de la pandemia. Por lo tanto, conocer estos aspectos es necesario para minimizar el problema y promover una mayor aceptación de la vacuna mediante un gran esfuerzo por parte de las autoridades de salud pública.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by C. glabrata / Pielonefrite enfisematosa por C. glabrata

Abstract Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare acute necrotizing infection of the kidney and surrounding tissues, with gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or perirenal tissue. The bacterial etiology predominates; mainly Gram-negative bacilli; Candida spp. and C. albicans are rarely described. We describe a case of EPN caused by C. glabrata, sensitive to fluconazole in a young, hypertensive woman with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), with renal dysfunction upon admission; her abdominal CT scan found a volumetric increase in the left kidney, signs of gas collections and perirenal blurring. Despite the antimicrobial therapy instituted, due to clinical refractoriness, a double J catheter and subsequent total nephrectomy were indicated, with good postoperative evolution. Her uroculture showed C. glabrata sensitive to fluconazole, and the pathology study showed tubular atrophy and intense interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. Despite the serious, potentially fatal condition, we could control the infection and the patient recovered fully. Poor DM management is an important triggering factor, and it is of great relevance to identify the EPN through imaging exams due to the peculiarities of its clinical and potentially surgical management

Resumo A pielonefrite enfisematosa (PNE) é uma infecção aguda rara necrotizante do rim e dos tecidos adjacentes, com presença de gás no parênquima renal, sistema coletor ou tecido perirrenal. Predomina a etiologia bacteriana, principalmente bacilos Gram-negativos; Candida spp. e na maioria das vezes C. albicans são raramente descritas. Descreve-se um caso de PNE causada por C. glabrata sensível a fluconazol em mulher jovem, hipertensa e com diabetes mellitus (DM) não diagnosticada, com disfunção renal à admissão; tomografia computadorizada de abdome constatou aumento volumétrico do rim esquerdo, sinais de coleções gasosas e borramento perirrenal. Apesar da terapia antimicrobiana instituída, devido à refratariedade clínica, foi indicado cateter duplo J e posterior nefrectomia total, com boa evolução pós-operatória. A urocultura evidenciou C. glabrata sensível a fluconazol, e o anatomopatológico demonstrou atrofia tubular e intenso infiltrado inflamatório intersticial. Apesar da condição grave, potencialmente fatal, houve controle do foco infeccioso e plena recuperação da paciente. O mau manejo do DM é um importante fator desencadeante, e é de grande relevância identificar a PNE por meio de exames de imagem devido às peculiaridades de seu manejo clínico e potencialmente cirúrgico.

Contemporary prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients referred for heart valve surgery.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing heart valve surgery are routinely evaluated for the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, concomitant valve intervention and surgical revascularization is recommended when there is obstructive CAD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of CAD, its treatment strategies, and their prognostic implications in a contemporary population of patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) referred for valve surgery (HVS). METHODS: In a multicenter registry, consecutive patients with formal indication for HVS referred for a preoperative routine invasive coronary angiogram (ICA) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, CAD prevalence and revascularization patterns, as well as their impact on short and mid-term all-cause mortality, were assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 1133 patients were included; most had aortic stenosis (69%) and obstructive CAD was present in 307 (27.1%). HVS was ultimately performed in 82.3%. In patients with CAD, 53.4% were revascularized. After a mean follow-up time of 29.06±18.46 months, all-cause mortality rate was 12.9%. In multivariate analysis, not having HVS (HR 6.845, 95% CI=4.281-10.947, P<0.001), obstructive CAD (HR 2.762, 95% CI=1.764-4.326, P<0.01), COPD (HR 2.043, 95% CI=1.014-4.197, P=0.022), and age (HR 1.030, 95% CI=1.009-1.063, P=0.047), were independent predictors of all-cause mortality. In patients with obstructive CAD who underwent HVS, revascularization was not significantly associated with survival (HR 2.127, 95% CI=0.0-4.494, P=0.048; log rank P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: In a contemporary cohort of patients with VHD and surgical indication, overall obstructive CAD prevalence was 27%. CAD presence and severity were associated with higher mortality. However, revascularization was not associated with a survival benefit, except in patients with left anterior descending artery disease.

Comparative study of two histopathological classifications for oral squamous cell carcinoma / Estudo comparativo de duas classificações histopatológicas para carcinoma de células escamosas bucal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor among all cancers in the oral cavity. Despite advances, the prognosis of this neoplasm remains a challenge for professionals. Faced with this situation, several studies try to associate the histopathological analysis with prognosis, so that therapeutic planning becomes more accurate. Objectives: This research aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of oral SCC and classify them histopathological assessment according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Budding and Depth of Invasion (BD) model. A retrospective research was conducted. Methodology: Data from medical records filed at UOPECCAN Hospital between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed. The sample consisted of 57 patients. Epidemiological data were collected and the blocks were rescued and cut for histopathological analysis. Associations were performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p = 0.05) by the GraphPad Prism program. The two histopathological analyzes were correlated using Spearman's statistical test. Results: After analyzing the samples, we found a higher prevalence of oral SCC in male smokers aged above 40 years. There was no correlation between the BD and WHO methods. The WHO classification was significantly associated with age (p = 0.03), and follow-up care (p = 0.05). However, the BD model associated lymph node involvement (p = 0.005) and clinical staging (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The BD classification was more objective for histopathological analysis and may be an important tool for analyzing patient prognosis, assisting in the treatment decision.

RESUMEN Introducción: El carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE), denominado además carcinoma epidermoide, es el tumor más común entre todos los cánceres de la cavidad oral. A pesar de los avances, el pronóstico de esta neoplasia sigue siendo un desafío para los cirujanos/profesionales/clínicos. Ante esta situación, varios estudios intentan asociar el análisis histopatológico con el pronóstico, para que la planificación terapéutica sea más precisa. Objectivos: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio epidemiológico del CCE oral y clasificarlo histopatológicamente de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el modelo Budding and Depth of Invasion (BD). Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva. Metodología: Se analizaron los datos de las historias clínicas archivadas en el Hospital UOPECCAN entre 2009 y 2015. La muestra estuvo formada por 57 pacientes. Se recolectaron datos epidemiológicos y los bloques fueron rescatados y cortados para análisis histopatológico. Las asociaciones se realizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 5% (p = 0.05) por el programa GraphPad Prism. Los dos análisis histopatológicos se correlacionaron mediante la prueba estadística de Spearman. Resultados: Tras analizar las muestras, encontramos una mayor prevalencia de CCE oral en varones fumadores mayores de 40 años. No hubo correlación entre los métodos BD y OMS. La clasificación de la OMS se asoció significativamente con la edad (p = 0,03) y seguimiento del del tratamiento (p = 0,05). Sin embargo, el modelo de BD asoció la afectación de los ganglios linfáticos (p = 0,005) y la estadificación clínica (p = 0,005). Conclusión: La clasificación BD fue más objetiva para el análisis histopatológico y puede ser una herramienta importante para analizar el pronóstico del paciente, asistiendo en la decisión del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é o tumor mais frequente entre todos os cânceres localizados na cavidade bucal. Apesar dos avanços, o prognóstico dessa neoplasia ainda é um desafio para os cirurgiões. Diante dessa situação, vários estudos tentam associar a análise histopatológica ao prognóstico, a fim de que os planejamentos terapêuticos se tornem mais precisos. Objetivos: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar o estudo epidemiológico dos CCEs e classificá-los histopatologicamente conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e o modelo "Budding and Depth of Invasion" (BD). Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado. Metodologia: Foram analisados dados dos prontuários arquivados no Hospital UOPECCAN entre 2009 e 2015. A amostra foi composta por 57 pacientes. Os dados epidemiológicos foram coletados e os blocos resgatados e cortados para análise histopatológica. As associações foram realizadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5% (p = 0,05) pelo programa GraphPad Prism. As duas análises histopatológicas foram correlacionadas por meio do teste estatístico de Spearman. Resultados: Após análise das amostras, verificamos mais prevalência de CCE nos pacientes fumantes do sexo masculino com idade superior a 40 anos. Não houve correlação entre os métodos BD e OMS. A classificação da OMS apresentou associação significante com a idade (p = 0,03) e a sequência de tratamento (p = 0,05). Já o modelo BD associou comprometimento linfonodal (p = 0,005) e estadiamento clínico (p = 0,005). Conclusão: A classificação BD foi mais objetiva para a análise histopatológica e pode ser uma importante ferramenta para análise do prognóstico do paciente, auxiliando na decisão do tratamento.

Implementing enhanced patient education for surgical site infection prevention in cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Photo at Discharge (PaD) is a nurse-led discharge strategy for enhanced wound care information for patients and healthcare providers. The purpose of this study is to describe implementation of PaD in three English cardiac centres. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional design was used to evaluate implementation fidelity and sustainability of PaD on various geographical settings. RESULTS: Three out of four hospitals (75%) approached agreed to complete surveys on implementation fidelity. Implementing the IT component took an average of 16 months (range 11-21 months). Across the three sites, 474 nursing staff have received training on PaD. Since implementing, a combined total of 9007 patients have received PaD. A 1-month compliance snapshot indicated mean of 96% (range 92-100%). CONCLUSIONS: PaD requires collaborative working, a change in behaviour and a change to the service. Despite these challenges, fidelity and sustainability scores across the sites were high. The findings from this study may help to increase implementation quality and dissemination of PaD.

Estudo retrospectivo dos procedimentos clínicos e radiográficos em dentes traumatizados submetidos à apicificação / Retrospective study of clinical and radiographic procedures in traumatized teeth submitted to apexification

Introdução: injúrias traumáticas podem resultar em necrose pulpar em dentes permanentes imaturos. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os procedimentos clínicos e radiográficos do tratamento de dentes permanentes imaturos não vitais após apicificação. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo documental, transversal e retrospectivo, no qual recorreu-se aos prontuários de um núcleo de referência em traumatismos dentários da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), nos períodos entre 2005 e 2015. Foram incluídos trinta dentes permanentes com necrose pulpar e ápice aberto, cujo tratamento adotado foi a apicificação e obturação do canal radicular. Os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: idade, sexo, tipo do trauma, dente acometido, estágio de Nolla, lesão periapical, forma do ápice, tipo de tratamento usado e avaliação radiográfica da barreira apical. Utilizou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher (p < 0,05) para avaliar possíveis associações entre a formação total da barreira apical e as variáveis desse estudo. Resultados: dos 30 dentes traumatizados, 19 eram de pacientes do sexo masculino (70,4%) e 8, do sexo feminino (29,6%). A faixa etária envolvida foi de 6 a 10 anos de idade, o dente mais acometido foi o incisivo central superior e a fratura complicada foi a mais prevalente. Entre esses dentes, onze possuíam lesão periapical (36,7%) e a maioria (63,3%) apresentava-se no estágio 9 de Nolla e com ápice em formato convergente (46,66%). Para o tratamento dos dentes com rizogênese incompleta, foram utilizados como medicação intracanal o hidróxido de cálcio (63,3%) e o MTA (6,7%). O número de trocas da medicação à base de hidróxido de cálcio variou de 1 a 9. A frequência de trocas, na maioria dos pacientes, foi mensal e o valor médio da duração dessas trocas foi de 5,8 meses, enquanto a média do tempo total do tratamento foi de 11 meses. Foram realizadas investigações sobre possíveis associações entre a formação completa da barreira apical e outras variáveis, e nenhuma delas mostrou resultados estatisticamente significativos (p > 0,05). Conclusão: tanto o hidróxido de cálcio quanto o MTA foram capazes de induzir a apicificação, bem como a reparação tecidual dos dentes traumatizados avaliados. Pôde-se observar que não houve significância estatística quando comparadas as variáveis, como forma do ápice, lesão periapical, tipo do trauma, tempo total das trocas de hidróxido de cálcio, tempo total do tratamento e controle, associados à calcificação total da porção apical (AU).

Introduction: Traumatic injuries may result in pulp necrosis in immature permanent teeth. Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the clinical and radiographic procedures for treatment of the non-vital immature teeth after apexification. Material and Method: This is a cross-sectional study that used the medical records of a center of reference in dental trauma, from 2005 to 2015. Thirty permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and open apex were included in this study whose treatment adopted was the apexification and filling of the root canal. The following parameters were analyzed: age, gender, type of trauma, impacted tooth, Nollas stage, periapical lesion, apex shape, type of the treatment used, and the radiographic evaluation of the apical barrier. Fishers Exact Test (p<0.05) was applied to evaluate possible associations between the total apical barrier formation and the variables of this study. Results: Most of them were male. The age group involved was from 6 to 10 years old; the most affected tooth was the central upper incisor, and the complicated fracture was the most prevalent. Of these teeth, 36.7% had a periapical lesion; the majority was at Nollas stage 9 and with a convergent apex (46.66%). For the treatment of immature teeth, calcium hydroxide (63.3%) and MTA (6.7%) were used as intracanal medication. Investigations on possible associations between the complete apical barrier formation and other variables were carried out, but without statistically significant results (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both calcium hydroxide and MTA were able to induce apexification, as well as tissue repair of the traumatized teeth evaluated

Being a nurse, being a counselor: awakening to social control and public health / Ser enfermero, ser consejero: despertando para el control social y salud pública / Ser enfermeiro, ser conselheiro: despertando para o controle social e saúde pública

ABSTRACT Objective: Understand the time of awakening to social control and its contributions from the perspective of health counselor nurses. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight nurses who work/worked as health counselors. The information was analyzed using the thematic analysis of Minayo. Results: The interest in participating in the council emerged from the professionalization in the Family Health Strategy, whether in the continuation of the Municipal Council of Health, in the training, or in the participation in the student movement. The contributions included the development of a critical and reflective spirit, better understanding of health system management, increased sensitivity to the needs of the user, and close relationship with the community. Final considerations: Despite some deficiencies and misconceptions of nurses, it is believed that nursing is on the right track in the defense and construction of a societarian project.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender el momento del despertar para el control social y sus contribuciones bajo la óptica de enfermeros consejeros de salud. Método: Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada con ocho enfermeros que actúan/actuaron como consejeros de salud. Se analizaron las informaciones por medio del análisis temático de Minayo. Resultados: El interés en participar del consejo surgió a partir de la profesionalización en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, ya sea en la prosecución del Consejo Municipal de Salud, en la formación, o sea en la participación en el movimiento estudiantil. Entre las contribuciones, se relató la formación de un espíritu crítico y reflexivo, mejor comprensión de la gestión del sistema de salud, aumento de la sensibilidad con las necesidades del usuario y acercamiento a la comunidad. Consideraciones finales: A pesar de algunas fragilidades y concepciones equivocadas de los enfermeros, se cree que la enfermería está en el camino correcto en la defensa y construcción de un proyecto societario.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender o momento do despertar para o controle social e suas contribuições sob a ótica de enfermeiros conselheiros de saúde. Método: Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com oito enfermeiros que atuam/atuaram como conselheiros de saúde. As informações foram analisadas por meio da análise temática de Minayo. Resultados: O interesse em participar do conselho emergiu a partir da profissionalização na Estratégia Saúde da Família, seja no prosseguimento do Conselho Municipal de Saúde, na formação ou na participação no movimento estudantil. Entre as contribuições relatou-se a formação de um espírito crítico e reflexivo, melhor compreensão da gestão do sistema de saúde, aumento da sensibilidade com as necessidades do usuário e aproximação com a comunidade. Considerações finais: Apesar de algumas fragilidades e concepções equivocadas dos enfermeiros, acredita-se que a enfermagem está no caminho certo na defesa e construção de um projeto societário.

PTEN status assessment in the Johns Hopkins active surveillance cohort.

BACKGROUND: Up to half of men with Gleason score 6 (GS6) prostate cancers initially managed with active surveillance (AS) will eventually require definitive therapy, usually due to tumor grade reclassification during follow-up. We examined the association between PTEN status on biopsy and subsequent clinicopathologic outcomes in men with GS6 cancers who enrolled in AS. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of men enrolled in the Johns Hopkins AS cohort with diagnostic biopsy tissue available for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. IHC was performed for PTEN using genetically validated protocols for all patients. Cases included men who underwent grade reclassification to GS ≥ 3 + 4 = 7 on biopsy within 2 years of follow-up (i.e., early reclassification) or reclassification to GS ≥ 4 + 3 = 7 on biopsy or radical prostatectomy during follow-up (i.e., extreme reclassification). Control patients were diagnosed with GS6 cancer and monitored on AS for at least 8 years without undergoing biopsy reclassification. RESULTS: Among 67 cases with adequate tissue, 31 men underwent early reclassification and 36 men underwent extreme reclassification. Cases were compared to 65 control patients with adequate tissue for assessment. On initial prostate biopsy, cases were older (median age 67 vs. 65, p = 0.024) and were less likely to meet very-low-risk criteria (64 vs 79%, p = 0.042) as compared to controls. Although not statistically significant, PTEN loss was observed in only 1 (1.5%) of 65 controls as compared to 6 (9%) of 67 cases (p = 0.062). CONCLUSIONS: PTEN loss was rare among men with GS6 prostate cancer enrolled in AS at Johns Hopkins. Despite this, PTEN loss was more frequent among men who underwent early or extreme reclassification to higher-grade cancer as compared to controls. Additional studies in larger low-risk cohorts may better elucidate a potential role for PTEN in selecting patients for AS.

Effect of Preanalytic Variables on an Automated PTEN Immunohistochemistry Assay for Prostate Cancer.

CONTEXT.­: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a promising prognostic and potentially predictive biomarker in prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE.­: To assess the effects of preanalytic variables on an analytically validated and fully automated PTEN immunohistochemistry assay. DESIGN.­: PTEN immunohistochemistry was performed on Ventana immunostaining systems. In benign prostate tissues, immunostaining intensity across variable conditions was assessed by digital image analysis. In prostate tumor tissues, immunostaining was scored visually. RESULTS.­: Delay of fixation for 4 hours or longer at room temperature or 48 hours or longer at 4°C and duration of formalin fixation did not significantly alter immunostaining intensity. Intensity of staining was highest in 10% formalin compared with other fixatives. Tumor tissues with PTEN loss processed using protocols from 11 academic institutions were all evaluable and scored identically. PTEN immunostaining of needle biopsies where tissue blocks had been stored for less than 10 years was more frequently scored as nonevaluable compared with blocks that had been stored for 10 years or longer. This effect was less evident for radical prostatectomy specimens, where low rates of nonevaluable staining were seen for 23 years or more of storage. Storage of unstained slides for 5 years at room temperature prior to immunostaining resulted in equivalent scoring compared with freshly cut slides. Machine-to-machine variability assessed across 3 Ventana platforms and 2 institutions was negligible in 12 tumors, and platform-to-platform variability was also minor comparing Ventana and Leica instruments across 77 tumors (κ = 0.926). CONCLUSIONS.­: Automated PTEN immunostaining is robust to most preanalytic variables in the prostate and may be performed on prostate tumor tissues subjected to a wide range of preanalytic conditions. These data may help guide assay development if PTEN becomes a key predictive biomarker.

Preditores de fibrilação atrial de novo em unidade de cuidados intensivos não cardíaca / Predictors of de novo atrial fibrillation in a non-cardiac intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar quais os preditores de fibrilação atrial de novo em doentes de uma unidade de cuidados intensivos não cardíaca. Métodos: Foram analisados 418 doentes internados entre janeiro e setembro de 2016 em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos não cardíaca. Registaram-se as características clínicas, as intervenções efetuadas e os marcadores bioquímicos durante a internação. Avaliaram-se ainda a mortalidade hospitalar e o tempo de internação hospitalar e na unidade de cuidados intensivos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 310 doentes, com média de idades de 61,0 ± 18,3 anos, 49,4% do sexo masculino, 23,5% com fibrilação atrial de novo. O modelo multivariável identificou acidente vascular cerebral prévio (OR de 10,09; p = 0,016) e valores aumentados de proBNP (OR de 1,28 por cada aumento em 1.000pg/mL; p = 0,004) como preditores independentes de fibrilação atrial de novo. A análise por curva Característica de Operação do Receptor do proBNP para predição de fibrilação atrial de novo revelou área sob a curva de 0,816 (p < 0,001), com sensibilidade de 65,2% e especificidade de 82% para proBNP > 5.666pg/mL. Não se verificaram diferenças na mortalidade (p = 0,370), porém a duração da internação hospitalar (p = 0,002) e na unidade de cuidados intensivos (p = 0,031) foi superior nos doentes com fibrilação atrial de novo. Conclusões: História de acidente vascular cerebral prévio e proBNP elevado em internação constituíram preditores independentes de fibrilação atrial de novo na unidade de cuidados intensivos polivalente. O proBNP pode constituir ferramenta útil, de fácil e rápido acesso na estratificação do risco de fibrilação atrial.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the predictors of de novo atrial fibrillation in patients in a non-cardiac intensive care unit. Methods: A total of 418 hospitalized patients were analyzed between January and September 2016 in a non-cardiac intensive care unit. Clinical characteristics, interventions, and biochemical markers were recorded during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay in the intensive care unit were also evaluated. Results: A total of 310 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 61.0 ± 18.3 years, 49.4% were male, and 23.5% presented de novo atrial fibrillation. The multivariate model identified previous stroke (OR = 10.09; p = 0.016) and elevated levels of pro-B type natriuretic peptide (proBNP, OR = 1.28 for each 1,000pg/mL increment; p = 0.004) as independent predictors of de novo atrial fibrillation. Analysis of the proBNP receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of de novo atrial fibrillation revealed an area under the curve of 0.816 (p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 65.2% and a specificity of 82% for proBNP > 5,666pg/mL. There were no differences in mortality (p = 0.370), but the lengths of hospital stay (p = 0.002) and stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.031) were higher in patients with de novo atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: A history of previous stroke and elevated proBNP during hospitalization were independent predictors of de novo atrial fibrillation in the polyvalent intensive care unit. The proBNP is a useful and easy- and quick-access tool in the stratification of atrial fibrillation risk.

Multi-centre prospective internal and external evaluation of the Brompton Harefield Infection Score (BHIS).

BACKGROUND: Previously, we reported that the Brompton Harefield Infection Score (BHIS) accurately predicts surgical site infection (SSI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The BHIS was developed using two-centre data and stratifies SSI risk into three groups based on female gender, diabetes or HbA1c > 7.5%, body mass index ≥ 35, left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% and emergency surgery. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate BHIS internally as well as externally. METHODS: Multi-centre prospective evaluation involving three tertiary centres took place between October 2012 and November 2015. SSI was classified using the Public Health England protocol. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed predictive accuracy. RESULTS: Across the four hospital sites, 168 of 4308 (3.9%) CABG patients had a SSI. Categorising the hospitals by BHIS score revealed that 65% of all patients were low risk (BHIS 0-1), 26% were medium risk (BHIS 2-3) and 8% were high risk (BHIS ≥ 4). The area under the ROC curve was in the range of 0.702-0.785. Overall area under the ROC curve was 0.709. CONCLUSIONS: BHIS provides a novel, internally and externally evaluated score for a patient's risk of SSI after CABG. It enables clinicians to focus on strategies to prospectively identify high-risk patients and improve outcomes.

Impact of choice of skin preparation solution in cardiac surgery on rate of surgical site infection: a propensity score matched analysis.

BACKGROUND: Antiseptic skin preparations containing chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone iodine are routinely used to reduce the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). This study assesses the efficacy of two alcohol-based solutions, 2% chlorhexidine-alcohol and 10% povidone iodine-alcohol, on the incidence of cardiac SSI. METHODS: A total of 738 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery had skin preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropanol (ChloraPrep, BD Ltd, UK) were propensity matched to 738 patients with skin prepared with 10% povidone-iodine in 30% industrial methylated spirit (Videne Alcoholic Tincture, Ecolab Ltd, UK). Continuous, prospective SSI surveillance data were collected for all these patients. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected perioperative data was performed. RESULTS: The overall rate of SSI was similar in the chlorhexidine-alcohol and povidone-iodine-alcohol groups (3.3% versus 3.8%; P = 0.14; relative risk [RR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52-1.78). Superficial (1.2% versus 1.8%; P = 0.18; RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.48-1.80) and deep incisional (1.2% versus 1.6%; P = 0.24) SSI rates were also similar with 10% povidone-iodine-alcohol being marginally more effective against organ-space infections (0.8% versus 0.4%; P = 0.05; RR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.20-1.01). CONCLUSION: Our analysis confirms that alcohol-based skin preparation in cardiac surgery with povidone-iodine reduces the incidence of organ-space infections with no significant superiority in preventing incisional SSI compared with chlorhexidine-alcohol.

Samarium doped boron nitride nanotubes.

Boron nitride nanotubes doped in situ with samarium (Sm-doped BNNTs) were synthesized at 1150°C under atmosphere of NH3/N2 gas mixture by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) using samarium oxide that is a product of the process separation of thorium and uranium tailings. The samarium in the BNNTs sample was activated by neutron capture, in a nuclear reactor, producing 152Sm radioisotopes. The STEM-EELS spectrum and neutron activation show energies attributed to the samarium confirming the in situ doping process during BNNTs growth. The results demonstrate that this material has great potential as a nanosized ß- emission source for medical therapy.

Retrospective analysis of the Photo at Discharge scheme and readmission for surgical site infection following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a costly and devastating complication of surgery. Many cardiac SSIs develop after the patient leaves hospital, but evidence demonstrating the benefit of patient/carer involvement in the process of monitoring and promptly identifying SSI post-discharge is limited. This study estimates the probability of readmission for SSI for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients receiving the Photo at Discharge (PaD). Methods: Trained personnel undertook continuous, prospective SSI surveillance using Public Health England protocol between January 2013 and December 2016. Baseline covariables were collected for 1747 CABG-only procedures. As a quasi-randomised design, we adjusted for non-random PaD assignment using retrospective propensity score (PS)-matching based on 12 variables of interest, assessed whether the model had been adequately specified and performed an outcomes analysis. Results: A total of 568 patients with PaD were PS-matched with 568 controls. The probabilities of SSI readmission were 0.352 (2/568) and 1.761 (10/568), respectively. The difference in risk of readmission for SSI was significant (relative risk = 0.2, 95% confidence interval = 0.04-0.91; P = 0.04). Conclusion: Findings from this single-centre observation study suggest the PaD is associated with a reduction in CABG readmission for SSI and a further study is warranted to verify the efficacy of this strategy.

Plasmid-mediated mcr-1 in carbapenem-susceptible Escherichia coli ST156 causing a blood infection: an unnoticeable spread of colistin resistance in Brazil?

OBJECTIVE: We describe an IncX4 pHC891/16mcr plasmid carrying mcr-1 in a colistin-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible E. coli isolate (HC891/16), ST156, which caused a blood infection in a Brazilian patient with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Strain HC891/16 was subjected to whole genome sequencing using the MiSeq Platform (Illumina, Inc., USA). Assembly was performed using Mira and ABACAS. RESULTS: The isolates showed resistance only to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and cefoxitin, and whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of aac(6')Ib-cr and blaTEM1. CONCLUSION: Our findings warn of the possible silent dissemination of colistin resistance by carbapenem-susceptible mcr-1 producers, as colistin susceptibility is commonly tested only among carbapenem-resistant isolates.

[Diabetes Screening in Patients with Macrovascular Coronary Disease: Are the New European Guidelines a Step Backwards?] / Rastreio da Diabetes em Doentes com Doença Macrovascular Coronária: As Novas Guidelines Europeias são um Retrocesso?

BACKGROUND: The new European guidelines on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases propose that the FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore should be used to evaluate the risk of diabetes mellitus and that diabetes mellitus screening in coronary artery disease patients should be based on fasting glucose and HbA1c. The 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test, recommended for all pts in the previous guidelines, is now only recommended for 'inconclusive' cases. We aimed to evaluate this new strategy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fasting glucose, HbA1c and glucose tolerance test (75 g, 2h) were prospectively evaluated in a consecutive group of pts with coronary artery disease. ADA criteria (both glucose tolerance test and HbA1c) were used to define diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus risk was evaluated according to the FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients were included (mean age 62.3 +/- 13.1 years, 99 males). Glucose tolerance test and HbA1c together diagnosed 18 (13.3%) new cases of diabetes mellitus and 77 (57.0%) patients with pre-diabetes mellitus. Fasting glucose + HbA1c (guidelines strategy) identified 12/18 patients with diabetes mellitus (Sens 66.7%; negative predictive value 95.1%; Kappa 0.78; p < 0.0001) and 83/95 patients with glucose anomalies (pre- diabetes mellitus + diabetes mellitus) (Sens 87.4%; negative predictive value 76.9%). Performing glucose tolerance test in the 29 patients with an elevated FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore would allow identifying 15/18 patients with diabetes mellitus (Sens 83.3%; negative predictive value 97.5%; Kappa 0.85; p < 0.0001) and 86/95 patients with glucose anomalies (Sens 90.5%; negative predictive value 81.6%). DISCUSSION: Although this strategy improved the screening accuracy, one in each six patients with diabetes mellitus would still remain undiagnosed, as compared to measuring HbA1c and performing an glucose tolerance test in all patients. CONCLUSION: Using the FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore to select candidates to additional glucose tolerance test improves the accuracy for identifying diabetic patients, as compared with fasting glucose + HbA1c alone. However, 1/6 patients diabetes mellitus is still left undiagnosed with this strategy proposed by the current guidelines.

Introdução: As novas recomendações europeias de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doença cardiovascular sugerem que o risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 deve ser avaliado através do score de risco FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore e que o rastreio de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na população com doença arterial coronária deve ser efetuado apenas com a glicemia plasmática em jejum e a HbA1, remetendo a prova de tolerância oral à glicose para os casos 'inconclusivos'. Pretendemos avaliar os resultados desta estratégia, que difere da previamente defendida nas guidelines. Material e Métodos: A glicemia plasmática em jejum, HbA1c e a prova de tolerância oral à glicose (75 g, 2 horas) foram avaliadas prospectivamente num grupo de doentes consecutivos submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea, sendo usada a classificação da ADA para pré-diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O risco de diabetes foi avaliado de acordo com o FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore. Resultados: Foram incluídos 135 doentes (idade média 62,3 +/- 13,1 anos; 99 homens). Usando a prova de tolerância oral à glicose e a HbA1c, foram diagnosticados 18 (13,3%) novos casos de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e 77 (57,0%) casos de pré-diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A glicemia plasmática em jejum + HbA1c identificou 12/18 doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (Sens 66,7%; valor preditivo negativo 95,1%; Kappa 0,78; p < 0,0001) e 83 do total (pré-diabetes mellitus tipo 2/ diabetes mellitus tipo 2) de 95 doentes com distúrbios da glucose (Sens 87,4%; valor preditivo negativo 76,9%). Realizar adicionalmente prova de tolerância oral à glicose nos 29 doentes com um FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore elevado permitiu diagnosticar 15/18 doentes com diabetes mellitus (Sens 83,3%; valor preditivo negativo 97,5%; Kappa 0,85; p < 0,0001) e 86/95 dos doentes com distúrbios da glucose (Sens 90,5%; valor preditivo negativo 81,6%). Discussão: Apesar da melhoria diagnóstica, um em cada seis doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 não seria diagnosticado por esta estratégia. Conclusão: A utilização do FINnish Diabetes RIsk SCore como forma de selecionar os doentes candidatos a rastreio com prova de tolerância oral à glicose melhora a capacidade diagnóstica, quando comparada com a simples avaliação da glicemia plasmática em jejum e da HbA1c. No entanto, um em cada seis doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 não é identificado com esta metodologia.

Avaliação de substâncias químicas utilizadas como solventes no retratamento endodôntico / Evaluation of chemical substances used as solvents in endodontic retreatment

Introdução: o poder de solvência de substâncias químicas utilizadas no retratamento endodôntico é uma importante propriedade relacionada à qualidade da remoção do material obturador. Objetivo: comparar o poder de solvência de cinco substâncias utilizadas no retratamento endodôntico após contato com a guta- -percha. Métodos: foram utilizados dezoito cones de guta-percha (#80), pesados em balança analítica de precisão e divididos em seis grupos: I) clorofórmio; II) eucaliptol; III) xilol; IV) halotano; V) d'limonene; e VI) soro fisiológico (controle negativo). Os cones foram imersos em 5 ml de cada substância testada, em vidro âmbar fechado, e mantidos individualmente em contato durante 15 minutos, a 37ºC. Após o período de imersão, adicionou- se 5 ml de soro fisiológico a cada recipiente, agitando- os manualmente durante 5 segundos. Em seguida, os cones foram filtrados em papel absorvente. Os fragmentos permaneceram em temperatura ambiente por 48 horas e, posteriormente, foram removidos dos filtros e novamente pesados. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados pelo teste estatístico ANOVA e, para comparação entre os grupos, utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p = 0,05). Resultados: o clorofórmio (0,04383 ± 0,01831) mostrou um poder de solvência maior, seguido do d´limonene (0,0608 ± 0,01103), xilol (0,06227 ± 0,004015), halotano (0,0653 ± 0,005373) e, por último, o eucaliptol (0,0699 ± 0,0006083). Apenas o grupo do clorofórmio mostrou-se estatisticamente significativo em relação ao grupo controle (p = 0,0431). Conclusão: nenhum dos solventes dissolveu totalmente a guta-percha; entretanto, todos promoveram sua plastificação.