Gestational hypertension as a factor associated with chronic kidney disease: the importance of obstetric history of women undergoing hemodialysis / Hipertensão gestacional como fator associado à doença renal crônica: a importância do histórico obstétrico de mulheres submetidas à hemodiálise

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pregnancy-related complications may impact women's reproductive cycle and health through their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric history of women undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a specialized health facility with four hemodialysis units. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and personal history, obstetric and perinatal results of women with pregnancies before hemodialysis were evaluated. Prevalence, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: We included 208 (87.76%) women. Hypertension was the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (128 women). Rates of adverse perinatal outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, miscarriage, fetal death, and neonatal death, were 19.3%, 14.5%, 25.5%, 12.1%, and 5.3%, respectively. Hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy occurred in 37.0% of women, with 12.5% reporting preeclampsia and 1.4% reporting eclampsia. Up to 1 year after birth, 45.2% of women reported hypertension. Hemodialysis due to hypertension was associated with a history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 2.33, CI 1.27 - 4.24), gestational hypertension (2.41, CI 3.30 - 4.45), and hypertension up to one year after birth (OR 1.98, CI 1.11 - 3.51). Logistic regression showed that gestational hypertension was independently associated with CKD due to hypertension (aOR 2.76, CI 1.45 - 5.24). Conclusion: Women undergoing hemodialysis due to hypertension were more likely to have gestational hypertension or hypertension up to one year after birth. To delay end-stage renal disease, it is necessary to identify women at risk of kidney failure according to their reproductive history.

RESUMO Introdução: Complicações relacionadas à gestação podem afetar o ciclo reprodutivo e a saúde das mulheres ao longo de suas vidas. Este estudo visou avaliar histórico sociodemográfico, clínico e obstétrico de mulheres em hemodiálise. Métodos: Realizamos estudo transversal em unidade de saúde especializada com quatro unidades de hemodiálise. Avaliou-se características sociodemográficas, histórico clínico e pessoal, resultados obstétricos e perinatais de mulheres com gestações anteriores à hemodiálise. Foram realizadas análises de prevalência, bivariadas e regressão logística. Resultados: Incluímos 208 (87,76%) mulheres. Hipertensão foi a principal causa de doença renal crônica (DRC) (128 mulheres). Taxas de desfechos perinatais adversos, incluindo prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, aborto espontâneo, óbito fetal e neonatal, foram de 19,3%, 14,5%, 25,5%, 12,1% e 5,3%, respectivamente. Síndromes hipertensivas durante a gestação ocorreram em 37,0% das mulheres, com 12,5% relatando pré-eclâmpsia e 1,4% relatando eclampsia. Até 1 ano após o parto, 45,2% das mulheres relataram hipertensão. Hemodiálise devido à hipertensão foi associada ao histórico de hipertensão na gestação (OR 2,33; IC 1,27 - 4,24), hipertensão gestacional (2,41; IC 3,30 - 4,45), e hipertensão até um ano após o parto (OR 1,98; IC 1,11 - 3,51). A regressão logística mostrou que hipertensão gestacional foi independentemente associada à DRC devido à hipertensão (ORa 2,76; IC 1,45 - 5,24). Conclusão: Mulheres submetidas à hemodiálise por hipertensão foram mais propensas a apresentar hipertensão gestacional ou hipertensão até um ano após o parto. Para retardar a doença renal em estágio terminal, deve-se identificar mulheres em risco de insuficiência renal de acordo com sua história reprodutiva.

Circulating Plasma miRNA and Clinical/Hemodynamic Characteristics Provide Additional Predictive Information About Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism, Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and acute pulmonary embolism (APTE) are life-threatening cardiopulmonary diseases without specific surgical or medical treatment. Although APTE, CTEPH and IPAH are different pulmonary vascular diseases in terms of clinical presentation, prevalence, pathophysiology and prognosis, the identification of their circulating microRNA (miRNAs) might help in recognizing differences in their outcome evolution and clinical forms. The aim of this study was to describe the APTE, CTEPH, and IPAH-associated miRNAs and to predict their target genes. The target genes of the key differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed, and functional enrichment analyses were carried out. The miRNAs were detected using RT-PCR. Finally, we incorporated plasma circulating miRNAs in baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients to detect differences between APTE and CTEPH in time of evolution, and differences between CTEPH and IPAH in diseases form. We found five top circulating plasma miRNAs in common with APTE, CTEPH and IPAH assembled in one conglomerate. Among them, miR-let-7i-5p expression was upregulated in APTE and IPAH, while miRNA-320a was upregulated in CTEP and IPAH. The network construction for target genes showed 11 genes regulated by let-7i-5p and 20 genes regulated by miR-320a, all of them regulators of pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, pulmonary artery endothelial cell, and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. AR (androgen receptor), a target gene of hsa-let-7i-5p and has-miR-320a, was enriched in pathways in cancer, whereas PRKCA (Protein Kinase C Alpha), also a target gene of hsa-let-7i-5p and has-miR-320a, was enriched in KEGG pathways, such as pathways in cancer, glioma, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We inferred that CTEPH might be the consequence of abnormal remodeling in APTE, while unbalance between the hyperproliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype of pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, pulmonary artery endothelial cell and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary artery confer differences in IPAH and CTEPH diseases form. We concluded that the incorporation of plasma circulating let-7i-5p and miRNA-320a in baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients reinforces differences between APTE and CTEPH in outcome evolution, as well as differences between CTEPH and IPAH in diseases form.

Putting knowledge into practice-the challenge of acquiring healthy habits during pregnancy colocando conhecimento em prática - o desafio de adquirir hábitos saudáveis durante a gravidez

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge concerning gestational weight gain (GWG), nutrition, and physical exercise (PE) in pregnant women, and how to put them into practice. Methods A cross-sectional study with 61 pregnant women above 26 weeks of gestation, at the Woman's Hospital, CAISM, University of Campinas. Questionnaires regarding the knowledge of healthy habits (HH) during pregnancy, sociodemographic data, and previous obstetric outcomes were applied. An educational guide with advice on HH during pregnancy and in the postpartum period was offered. Results The average age of women was 28.7 ± 6.23 years, with 85% of them being married; 32% nulliparous; the average body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was 25.4 ± 9.8 kg/m2, and themean number of years of schoolingwas 11.2 ± 3.8. Only 61%of the subjects had received any previous information about GWG during their antenatal care and were aware as to howmany pounds they should gain during pregnancy. Among the 61 women, 85% understood that they did not need to "eat for 2" and 99% knew that PE had benefits for their body and was safe for their baby. Half of the women practiced PE prior to pregnancy; however, only 31% continued the practice of PE during the pregnancy. Conclusion Despite understanding the need for HH during pregnancy, women still need encouragement to practice PE during pregnancy, as well as more information about GWG.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os conhecimentos sobre ganho de peso gestacional (GPG), nutrição, e exercício físico (EF) em gestantes e o quanto elas os colocam em prática. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital da Mulher, CAISM, Unicamp, com 61 gestantes acima das 26 semanas gestacionais. Questionários sobre conhecimento de hábitos saudáveis (HS) durante a gestação, dados sociodemográficos, e antecedentes obstétricos foram aplicados. Um guia educacional com conselhos sobre HS durante a gravidez e período pós-parto foi oferecido. Resultados A idade média das mulheres foi de 28,7 ± 6,23 anos, sendo 85% casadas, 32% nulíparas, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio antes da gestação foi de 25,4 ± 9,8 kg/m2, e amédia de anos de escolaridade foi de 11,2 ± 3,8. Apenas 61% das mulheres entrevistadas haviam recebido informações prévias sobre o GPG durante o pré-natal e sabiam quantos quilos deveriam ganhar durante a gravidez. Entre as mulheres, 85% sabiam que não precisavam "comer por dois," e 99% sabiam que o EF tinha benefícios para seu corpo e era seguro para seu bebê. Metade das mulheres praticava EF antes da gravidez, mas apenas 31% continuaram praticando durante a gravidez. Conclusão Apesar de compreender a necessidade de HS durante a gravidez, as mulheres ainda precisam de incentivo para praticar EF durante a gravidez, bem como mais informações sobre o GPG.

Body mass Index changes during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes - A cross-sectional study / Mudanças do índice de massa corporal na gravidez e resultados perinatais - um estudo transversal

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relation between changes the body mass index (BMI) percentile, reflected in the Atalah curve, and perinatal outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study with 1,279 women was performed. Data regarding gestational weight, sociodemographic characteristics and perinatal outcomes were collected through medical charts, prenatal card and interviews in the postpartum period. Women could be classified according to the Atalah curve in the following categories: low weight, adequateweight, overweight, and obese. The BMIwas calculated at the first and at the last prenatal care visits, and these values were compared. Results An increase in the BMI category according to the Atalah classification occurred in 19.9% of pregnant women, and an increase of 3.4, 5.8 and 6.4 points of BMI were found for women respectively classified in the adequate weight, overweight and obese categories at the first prenatal visit. Women with high school education presented a lower chance of increasing their BMI (odds ratio [OR] 0:47 [0.24- 0.95]). Women who evolved with an increase in the the Atalah classification were associated with cesarean section (OR 1.97-2.28), fetalmacrosomia (OR 4.13-12.54) and large for gestational age newborn (OR 2.88-9.83). Conclusion Pregnant women who gained enough weight to move up in their BMI classification according to the Atalah curve had a higher chance of cesarean section and macrosomia. Women classified as obese, according to the Atalah curve, at the first prenatal visit had a high chance of cesarean section and delivering a large for gestational age newborn.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre mudanças no percentual do índice de massa corporal (IMC), refletidas na curva de Atalah, e resultados perinatais. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 1.279 mulheres. Os dados sobre o peso na gestação, características sociodemográficas e resultados perinatais foram coletados através de prontuários, cartão pré-natal e entrevistas no pós-parto. As mulheres foramclassificadas de acordo coma curva de Atalah nas seguintes categorias: baixo peso, peso adequado, sobrepeso e obesidade. O IMC foi calculado na primeira e na última visita ao pré-natal e esses valores foram comparados. Resultados Houve aumento na categoria do IMC segundo a classificação de Atalah em 19,9% das mulheres grávidas e um aumento de 3,4; 5,8 e 6,4 pontos do IMC foram encontrados para mulheres respectivamente classificadas nas categorias peso adequado, sobrepeso e obesidade na primeira consulta pré-natal. As mulheres com educação secundária apresentaram menor chance de aumentar sua classificação de IMC (odds ratio [OR] 0:47 [0,24- 0,95]). As mulheres que evoluíram com o aumento na classificação de Atalah foramassociadas a cesariana (OR 1,97-2,28),macrossomia fetal (OR 4,13-12,54) e recém-nascido grande para a idade gestacional (OR 2,88-9,83). Conclusão Gestantes com ganho de peso excessivo, o suficiente para aumentar sua classificação do IMC segundo a curva de Atalah, tiverammaiores chances de cesariana e macrossomia. As mulheres classificadas como obesas na primeira visita pré-natal, de acordo com a curva de Atalah, tiveram uma grande chance de cesariana e recémnascido grande para a idade gestacional.

A novel body mass index reference range - an observational study

OBJECTIVE: To generate a new body mass index curve of reference values and ranges for body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy and to compare the new curve and weight gain ranges with the currently used references. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted with a total of 5,656 weight and body mass index measurements in 641 women with single pregnancy who attended their first prenatal visit before 12 weeks. All the women were over 18 years old and had no medical conditions that would influence body mass index. Data were collected using prenatal charts and medical records during hospitalization for childbirth. A linear regression method was used for standard curve smoothing in the general population and for specific curves according to the baseline body mass index classification. Curves were obtained for the 5th, 10th, 50th, 85th, 90th and 95th percentiles. Concordance between the classification of women using the newly generated and currently used curves was evaluated by percentages and kappa coefficients. The weight gain was compared with the reference values of the Institute of Medicine using Student's T test. The data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.2, and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: A general reference curve of percentiles of body mass index by gestational age was established. Additionally, four specific curves were generated according to the four baseline body mass index categories. The new general curve offered percentile limits for women according to their initial body mass index and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limits, showing poor agreement with the currently used curve (48.3%). Women who were overweight or obese when starting prenatal care had higher weight gain than the Institute of Medicine recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The new proposed curve for body mass index during pregnancy showed weak agreement with the currently used curve. The new curve provided more information regarding body mass index increase using percentiles for general and specific groups of body mass index. Overweight pregnant women showed an upward body mass index trend throughout pregnancy that increased more dramatically than those of other groups of pregnant women, and they also presented a major mean difference between weight gain and the Institute of Medicine recommendation.

Demora no diagnóstico de câncer de mama de mulheres atendidas no Sistema Público de Saúde / Delay in breast cancer diagnosis on women assisted in the Public Health System

Resumo Introdução Apesar dos esforços, a mortalidade por câncer de mama se mantém elevada no Brasil e é mais frequente em regiões em que o acesso aos serviços de saúde é dificultado ou inexistente. Uma das recomendações do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) para reduzir a mortalidade é melhorar o acesso ao diagnóstico, realizando-o em até 60 dias após a suspeita. Objetivo Estabelecer o tempo decorrido (em dias) entre a suspeita e o diagnóstico do câncer de mama, subdividindo os intervalos entre os eventos: consulta médica na atenção básica; mamografia ou ultrassonografia; consulta médica especializada; biópsia; consulta médica para conclusão do diagnóstico. Métodos Estudo descritivo e seccional, realizado com 45 mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de saúde, com diagnóstico de câncer de mama efetivado em 2013. Resultados A média da demora foi de 142,6 ± 10,1 dias (12-451), com 60% dos diagnósticos efetivados entre 120 e 180 dias, e chance de efetivação do diagnóstico em até 60 dias para 8,9% da amostra. Conclusão Há necessidade de implementação efetiva das linhas de cuidado na rede de atenção oncológica, com pactuação dos fluxos entre os serviços para agilizar o acesso à assistência integral às mulheres.

Abstract Introduction Despite efforts, mortality from breast cancer remains high in Brazil and is most common in regions where access to health services is difficult or inexistent. One of the INCA’s (Instituto Nacional do Câncer) recommendations to reduce mortality is to improve the early diagnosis for up to 60 days after the suspicious. Objective To establish the elapsed time (in days) between the suspect and the breast cancer diagnosis, subgrouping the timeframe in the events of: primary care medical appointment; mammography and/or ultrasonography; specialized medical appointment; biopsy and; medical appointment for the diagnosis conclusion. Methods The descriptive and sectional study was accomplished with samples from 45 women attending the public health service, diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. Results The average elapsed time was of 142.6 days ± 10.1 (12-451), with 60% of diagnosis performed within 120 and 180 days and effective diagnosed chance of up to 60 days for 8.9% of the cases. Conclusions A effective implementation of care lines in the cancer care network is in need, with connection between services to speed women access to comprehensive assistance.

Protection against squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma afforded by cervical cytology screening: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cervical cytology screening on the prevalence of cervical cytological results in women, as a function of age and test interval. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of cytology screening data of 2,002,472 tests obtained from previously screened women and 217,826 tests from unscreened women. The central cytopathology laboratory database was analyzed. The tests were collected for screening purposes from Campinas metropolitan region, Brazil. A prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated for the screened women, in relation to the unscreened women, and for different tests intervals. Protection afforded by screening (1-PR) was calculated. RESULTS: For high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, the PR was 0.97 (0.83-1.13) for women aged 20 years or younger and 0.99 (0.86-1.14) for women aged 20 to 24 years, decreasing significantly in women aged 25 to 29 years (PR, 0.63 [0.52-0.76]). The PR for squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and invasive adenocarcinoma showed a significant reduction in all age groups older than 30 years. For the age group ranging from 30 to 59 years, protection for squamous cell carcinoma, AIS, and invasive adenocarcinoma was 83% or higher for screening intervals from 1 to 5 years. Protective effect was not demonstrated for screening intervals longer than 5 years for AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Cytology screening is effective at preventing cytological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, squamous cell carcinoma, AIS, and invasive adenocarcinoma. On the basis of cytological results, protection against AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma was observed with screening intervals shorter than 5 years. Cytological screening in women 25 years or younger should be critically evaluated.

Manual lymphatic drainage versus exercise in the early postoperative period for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of active exercise and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on postoperative wound healing complications, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and upper limb (UL) perimetry in women undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer. METHODS: Controlled non-randomized clinical trial with 89 women undergoing breast cancer surgery with axillary lymph node dissection (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: 906). Women were matched for staging, age and body mass index, with 46 women allocated to the exercise group and 43 in the MLD group, receiving 2 weekly sessions during one month. Assessments were performed in the preoperative and 60 d after surgery, including inspection, palpation, goniometry and perimetry. RESULTS: No significant difference existed between groups relative to individual and clinical surgical characteristics. The incidence of seroma, number of punctures performed, dehiscence and infection was similar in both groups. A comparison of shoulder ROM and UL perimetry between groups, obtained in the preoperative and postoperative period, did not show any significant difference. CONCLUSION: The performance of active exercise or MLD did not demonstrate difference in wound healing complications, shoulder ROM and UL perimetry at 60 d after surgery, suggesting that these techniques may be employed, according to the complaints or symptoms of each woman and physical therapist experience.

Localization of metastasis within the sentinel lymph node biopsies: a predictor of additional axillary spread of breast cancer? / Localização da metástase no interior dos linfonodos sentinelas: um preditor de disseminação adicional axilar em câncer de mama?

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between morphological characteristics and histologic localization of metastasis within sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and axillary spread in women with breast cancer. METHODS: We selected 119 patients with positive SLN submitted to complete axillary lymph node dissection from July 2002 to March 2007. We retrieved the age of patients and the primary tumor size. In the primary tumor, we evaluated histologic and nuclear grade, and peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI). In SLNs we evaluated the size of metastasis, their localization in the lymph node, number of foci, number of involved lymph nodes, and extranodal extension. RESULTS: Fifty-one (42.8%) patients had confirmed additional metastasis in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NLSN). High histologic grade, PVI, intraparenchymatous metastasis, extranodal neoplastic extension and size of metastasis were associated with positive NLSN. SLN metastasis affecting the capsule were associated to low risk incidence of additional metastasis. After multivariate analysis, PVI and metastasis size in the SLN remained as the most important risk factors for additional metastasis. CONCLUSIONS:The risk of additional involvement of NSLN is higher in patients with PVI and it increases progressively according the histologic localization in the lymph node, from capsule, where the afferent lymphatic channel arrives, to the opposite side of capsule promoting the extranodal extension. Size of metastasis greater than 6.0 mm presents higher risk of additional lymph node metastasis.

OBJETIVO:Explorar a relação entre características morfológicas e localização histológica da metástase dentro dos linfonodos sentinelas (LS) e disseminação axilar em mulheres com câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 119 pacientes com LS positivo, submetidas à dissecação completa dos linfonodos axilares entre Julho de 2002 a Março de 2007. Foram recuperados a idade das pacientes e o tamanho do tumor primário. No tumor primário, avaliamos os graus histológico e nuclear e a invasão vascular peritumoral (IVP). Nos LS, avaliamos o tamanho da metástase, sua localização no linfonodo, o número de focos metastáticos, número de linfonodos envolvidos e a extensão extranodal. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta e um (42,8%) pacientes tiveram metástases adicionais confirmadas nos linfonodos não sentinelas (LNS). Alto grau histológico, IVP, metástase intraparenquimatosa, extensão extranodal e tamanho da metástase foram associados com LNS positivos. Metástase afetando a cápsula do LS foi associada com baixo risco de incidência de metástase adicional. Após análise multivariada, IVP e tamanho da metástase no LS foram os fatores de risco mais importantes para metástases adicionais nos LNS. CONCLUSÕES:O risco de envolvimento adicional dos LNS é maior em pacientes com IVP e tal risco aumenta progressivamente de acordo com a localização histológica da metástase no LS, que inicia na cápsula, onde aporta o linfático aferente, e termina no lado oposto, promovendo a extensão extranodal. Tamanho de metástase maior ou igual a 6,0 mm revela maior risco de metástase nos LNS.

Accuracy of sonography and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant polyps in postmenopausal women.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of sonographic endometrial thickness and hysteroscopic characteristics in predicting malignancy in postmenopausal women undergoing surgical resection of endometrial polyps. METHODS: Five hundred twenty-one (521) postmenopausal women undergoing hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps between January 1998 and December 2008 were studied. For each value of sonographic endometrial thickness and polyp size on hysteroscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated in relation to the histologic diagnosis of malignancy. The best values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy were determined by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Histologic diagnosis identified the presence of premalignancy or malignancy in 4.1% of cases. Sonographic measurement revealed a greater endometrial thickness in cases of malignant polyps when compared to benign and premalignant polyps. On surgical hysteroscopy, malignant endometrial polyps were also larger. An endometrial thickness of 13 mm showed a sensitivity of 69.6%, specificity of 68.5%, PPV of 9.3%, and NPV of 98% in predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps. Polyp measurement by hysteroscopy showed that for polyps 30 mm in size, the sensitivity was 47.8%, specificity was 66.1%, PPV was 6.1%, and NPV was 96.5% for predicting cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic endometrial thickness showed a higher level of accuracy than hysteroscopic measurement in predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps. Despite this, both techniques showed low accuracy for predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women. In suspected cases, histologic evaluation is necessary to exclude malignancy.

Accuracy of sonography and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant polyps in postmenopausal women / Acurácia da ultrassonografia e da histeroscopia no diagnóstico de pólipos endometriais pré-malignos e malignos na pós-menopausa

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of sonographic endometrial thickness and hysteroscopic characteristics in predicting malignancy in postmenopausal women undergoing surgical resection of endometrial polyps. METHODS: Five hundred twenty-one (521) postmenopausal women undergoing hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps between January 1998 and December 2008 were studied. For each value of sonographic endometrial thickness and polyp size on hysteroscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated in relation to the histologic diagnosis of malignancy. The best values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy were determined by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Histologic diagnosis identified the presence of premalignancy or malignancy in 4.1% of cases. Sonographic measurement revealed a greater endometrial thickness in cases of malignant polyps when compared to benign and premalignant polyps. On surgical hysteroscopy, malignant endometrial polyps were also larger. An endometrial thickness of 13 mm showed a sensitivity of 69.6%, specificity of 68.5%, PPV of 9.3%, and NPV of 98% in predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps. Polyp measurement by hysteroscopy showed that for polyps 30 mm in size, the sensitivity was 47.8%, specificity was 66.1%, PPV was 6.1%, and NPV was 96.5% for predicting cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic endometrial thickness showed a higher level of accuracy than hysteroscopic measurement in predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps. Despite this, both techniques showed low accuracy for predicting malignancy in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women. In suspected cases, histologic evaluation is necessary to exclude malignancy.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia da espessura endometrial ecográfica e características histeroscópicas em predizer malignidade em mulheres na pós-menopausa submetidas à ressecção cirúrgica de pólipos endometriais. MÉTODOS: Quinhentos e vinte e uma (521) mulheres na pós-menopausa submetidas à ressecção histeroscópica de pólipo endometrial entre janeiro de 1998 e dezembro de 2008 foram incluídas no estudo. Para cada valor de espessura endometrial ecográfica e tamanho dos pólipos na histeroscopia, a sensibilidade, a especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram calculados em relação ao diagnóstico histológico de malignidade. Os melhores valores de sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de malignidade foram determinados pela curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico histológico identificou a presença de pré-malignidade ou malignidade em 4,1% dos casos. A espessura endometrial medida por ultrassonografia em casos de pólipos malignos foi maior quando comparado com pólipos benignos e pré-malignos. Na histeroscopia os pólipos malignos também foram maiores. A espessura endometrial de 13 mm mostrou uma sensibilidade de 69,6%, especificidade de 68,5%, VPP de 9,3% e VPN de 98% para predizer malignidade em pólipo endometrial. A medida do pólipo por histeroscopia mostrou que para pólipos de 30 mm de tamanho, a sensibilidade foi de 47,8%, a especificidade foi de 66,1%, VPP foi de 6,1% e VPN foi de 96,5% para predizer o câncer. CONCLUSÕES: A espessura endometrial ultrassonográfica mostrou uma maior acurácia que a avaliação histeroscópica do tamanho do pólipo para predizer malignidade nessas lesões endometriais. Apesar disso, ambas as técnicas não mostraram boa acurácia para excluir a necessidade de fazer a avaliação histológica dos casos suspeitos.

[Correlation of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionaire: Urinary Incontinence/Short Form to Urodynamic diagnosis in women with urinary incontinence]. / Associação entre o escore do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionaire: Urinary Incontinence/Short Form e a Avaliação Urodinâmica em mulheres com incontinência urinária.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence/Short Form (ICIQ-UI/SF) and Urodynamic evaluation (UE) in women with urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: Clinical data, UE and ICIQ-UI/SF scores for 358 patients from private health service were analyzed retrospectively . The correlation between ICIQ-UI/SF and urodynamic parameters was determined by Spearman's test. A ROC curve with the sensitivity and specificity of the ICIQ-UI/SF scores was utilized to establish the value of the questionnaire that would predict an altered urodynamic parameter. The χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was used to calculate the p-value. The level of significance was 5% and the software used was SAS 9.2. RESULTS: Sixty-seven point three percent of the patients presented Stress UI (SUI) according to the UE (urodynamic SUI); those with SUI and Detrusor overactivity (DO) at UE represented 16.2% of the women (SUI+DO), and those with only DO at UE (DO) represented 7.3% of the women. Patients with normal UE represented 9.2% of the women. There was a significant association between ICIQ-UI/SF scores ≥14 and patients with urodynamic SUI, with or without DO. Patients with Valsava Leak Point Pressure (VLPP)≤90 cmH2O presented ICIQ-UI/SF≥15. Spearman's test showed a weak inverse correlation between ICIQ-UI/SF score and VLPP, although it did not show any correlation with maximum cystometric capacity or with bladder volume on first desire to void. CONCLUSION: There was an association between ICIQ-UI/SF score and patients with SUI, with or without DO, but no association between the score and patients with DO alone. The lower the VLPP value, the higher the ICIQ-UI/SF score. The ICIQ-UI/SF was not able to distinguish the different types of UI in the studied population.

Associação entre o escore do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionaire: Urinary Incontinence/Short Form e a Avaliação Urodinâmica em mulheres com incontinência urinária / Correlation of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionaire: Urinary Incontinence/Short Form to Urodynamic diagnosis in women with urinary incontinence

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação entre o International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence/Short Form (ICIQ-UI/SF) e a Avaliação Urodinâmica (AU) em mulheres com incontinência urinária (IU). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente dados clínicos, AU e escore do ICIQ-UI/SF de 358 mulheres com IU atendidas em clínica privada. O teste de correlação entre ICIQ-UI/SF e os parâmetros urodinâmicos foi o teste de Spearman. Foi utilizada a curva ROC, com os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade dos escores do ICIQ-UI/SF apresentados pelas pacientes, para identificar o valor do questionário que determinasse a presença da alteração urodinâmica estudada. Para o cálculo do valor p foi utilizado o teste do c² ou exato de Fisher. O nível de significância foi de 5% e o software utilizado para análise foi o SAS versão 9.2. RESULTADOS: As pacientes com IU aos Esforços segundo a AU - IUE urodinâmica - representaram 67,3% do total; aquelas com IUE na AU e Hiperatividade Detrusora (HD) - IUM urodinâmica - 16,2%, e as pacientes com HD isolada - HD - 7,3% do total. As pacientes com AU normal representaram 9,2% do total da amostra. Houve associação significativa entre escore ³14 no ICIQ-UI/SF e as pacientes com IUE urodinâmica e IUM urodinâmica. Pacientes com Pressão de Perda ao Esforço (PPE) £90 cmH2O apresentaram escore ao ICIQ-UI/SF³15. O teste de Spearman mostrou correlação inversa fraca entre o escore e a PPE, porém não mostrou correlação entre esse escore e a Capacidade Cistométrica Máxima (CCM) ou com o volume vesical no primeiro desejo miccional. CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação entre o escore do ICIQ-UI/SF e IUE urodinâmica (isolada ou associada à HD); porém não houve associação com a HD isolada. Quanto menor o valor da PPE, maior o escore total do ICIQ-UI/SF. O ICIQ-UI/SF não foi capaz de discriminar o tipo de IU na população estudada.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence/Short Form (ICIQ-UI/SF) and Urodynamic evaluation (UE) in women with urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: Clinical data, UE and ICIQ-UI/SF scores for 358 patients from private health service were analyzed retrospectively . The correlation between ICIQ-UI/SF and urodynamic parameters was determined by Spearman's test. A ROC curve with the sensitivity and specificity of the ICIQ-UI/SF scores was utilized to establish the value of the questionnaire that would predict an altered urodynamic parameter. The c² test or Fisher's exact test was used to calculate the p-value. The level of significance was 5% and the software used was SAS 9.2. RESULTS: Sixty-seven point three percent of the patients presented Stress UI (SUI) according to the UE (urodynamic SUI); those with SUI and Detrusor overactivity (DO) at UE represented 16.2% of the women (SUI+DO), and those with only DO at UE (DO) represented 7.3% of the women. Patients with normal UE represented 9.2% of the women. There was a significant association between ICIQ-UI/SF scores ³14 and patients with urodynamic SUI, with or without DO. Patients with Valsava Leak Point Pressure (VLPP)£90 cmH2O presented ICIQ-UI/SF³15. Spearman's test showed a weak inverse correlation between ICIQ-UI/SF score and VLPP, although it did not show any correlation with maximum cystometric capacity or with bladder volume on first desire to void. CONCLUSION: There was an association between ICIQ-UI/SF score and patients with SUI, with or without DO, but no association between the score and patients with DO alone. The lower the VLPP value, the higher the ICIQ-UI/SF score. The ICIQ-UI/SF was not able to distinguish the different types of UI in the studied population.

Localization of metastasis within the sentinel lymph node biopsies: a predictor of additional axillary spread of breast cancer?

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between morphological characteristics and histologic localization of metastasis within sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and axillary spread in women with breast cancer. METHODS: We selected 119 patients with positive SLN submitted to complete axillary lymph node dissection from July 2002 to March 2007. We retrieved the age of patients and the primary tumor size. In the primary tumor, we evaluated histologic and nuclear grade, and peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI). In SLNs we evaluated the size of metastasis, their localization in the lymph node, number of foci, number of involved lymph nodes, and extranodal extension. RESULTS: Fifty-one (42.8%) patients had confirmed additional metastasis in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NLSN). High histologic grade, PVI, intraparenchymatous metastasis, extranodal neoplastic extension and size of metastasis were associated with positive NLSN. SLN metastasis affecting the capsule were associated to low risk incidence of additional metastasis. After multivariate analysis, PVI and metastasis size in the SLN remained as the most important risk factors for additional metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of additional involvement of NSLN is higher in patients with PVI and it increases progressively according the histologic localization in the lymph node, from capsule, where the afferent lymphatic channel arrives, to the opposite side of capsule promoting the extranodal extension. Size of metastasis greater than 6.0 mm presents higher risk of additional lymph node metastasis.

Morbidades e fatores associados em mulheres climatéricas: estudo de base populacional em mulheres com 11 anos ou mais de escolaridade / Morbidity and associated factors in climacteric women: a population based study in women with 11 or more years of formal education

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores associados a algumas morbidades em mulheres brasileiras de 40 a 65 anos e com 11 anos ou mais de escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Análise secundária de estudo transversal de base populacional, empregando-se um questionário anônimo e autorrespondido por 377 mulheres. Foram avaliadas, com o uso deste instrumento, algumas morbidades (hipertensão, diabetes, insônia e depressão) e fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, clínicos e reprodutivos. A associação entre as morbidades e as variáveis independentes foi avaliada por meio do teste do Χ2. Realizou-se a regressão logística múltipla com critério de seleção stepwise para selecionar os principais fatores associados a cada uma das morbidades. RESULTADOS: Na análise múltipla, a insônia esteve associada à autopercepção da saúde péssima/ruim (OR=2,3) e ao nervosismo (OR=5,1). O relato de depressão esteve associado à autopercepção da saúde péssima/ruim (OR=3,7) e ter lazer péssimo/ruim (OR=2,8). A hipertensão apresentou-se relacionada à obesidade (OR=3,1) e a estar na pós-menopausa (OR=2,6). Já diabetes, à idade acima de 50 anos (OR=3,9) e obesidade à (OR=12,5). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de morbidades foi alta e pior autopercepção da saúde e obesidade foram os principais fatores associados à presença de morbidades.

PURPOSE: To evaluate factors associated with morbidities among Brazilian women aged 40-65 years and with 11 or more years of schooling. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted, using an anonymous self-report questionnaire completed by 377 women. Were evaluated, with this instrument, some morbidities (hypertension, diabetes, insomnia and depression) and sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and reproductive factors. The association between morbidities and independent variables was evaluated by the Χ2 test. Multiple logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection criteria was used to select the major factors associated with morbid conditions. RESULTS: In the multiple regression analysis, insomnia was associated with bad/fair self-perception of health (OR=2.3) and nervousness (OR=5.1). Depression was associated with bad/fair self-perception of health (OR=3.7) and bad/poor leisure (OR=2.8). Hypertension was associated with obesity (OR=3.1) and being in postmenopausal (OR=2.6). Diabetes was associated with age above 50 years (OR=3.9) and obesity (OR=12.5). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of morbidities was high and a worse self-perception of health and obesity were the main factors associated with morbidity.

Association between different types of physical activities and quality of life in women aged 60 years or over / Associação entre diferentes tipos de atividades físicas e qualidade de vida em mulheres com 60 ou mais anos de idade

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between different types of physical activity and quality of life in a sample of women aged 60 or over. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, interviewing 271 women. Of these, 141 were recruited in a menopause outpatient clinic and 130 were recruited in a social leisure center, in Brazil. The instruments used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) version 8 and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire specific for this age group (WHOQOL-OLD). Each IPAQ section was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis, considering independent and confounding variables. The significance level was set at 5 percent and the software used was SAS version 9.1.3. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 67.4 ± 5.3 years. The mean time devoted to physical activity was 2802.7 ± 1154.9 minutes per week. The total WHOQOL-OLD score was 66.9 ± 11.7. The past, present and future actvities (estimated β = 0.021) and, social participation (estimated β = 0.03) domains had association with IPAQ transportation section. The leisure-time domain of the IPAQ had an inverse and significant relationship with the quality of life score related to present, past and future activities (estimated β = -0.0269). CONCLUSION: Quality of life was negatively influenced by leisure, but time spent in this physical activity was the shortest in comparison to other types of physical activities. In this sample, only physical activity for transportation was positively associated with a better quality of life.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre diferentes tipos de atividade física e a qualidade de vida em mulheres brasileiras com 60 anos ou mais. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, realizado através de entrevista com 271 mulheres. Destas, 141 foram recrutadas em um ambulatório de menopausa e 130 em um centro de convivência no Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versão 8 e o "Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde" específico para este grupo (WHOQOL-OLD). Cada seção do IPAQ foi avaliada por meio de regressão linear múltipla considerando variáveis independentes e que podem gerar confusão. O nível de significância foi de 5 por cento e o software utilizado foi o SAS versão 9.1.3. RESULTADOS: A média etária foi de 67,4 ± 5,3 anos. O tempo médio de atividade física foi de 2802,7 ± 1154,9 minutos na semana. O escore total do WHOQOL-OLD foi de 66,9 ± 11,7. Os domínios das atividades presentes, passadas e futuras (β estimado = 0,021) e, participação social (β estimado = 0,03) apresentaram associação significativa e direta com a seção de transporte do IPAQ. Os domínios das atividades presentes, passadas e futuras apresentaram relação significativa e inversa com a seção lazer do IPAQ (β estimado = -0,0269). CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade de vida foi influenciada negativamente pelo lazer, mas o tempo gasto com esta atividade física foi o menor comparado com o das outras atividades físicas. Nesta amostra somente a atividade física no transporte associou-se positivamente à melhor qualidade de vida.

Quality of life and adverse events after radiotherapy in gynecologic cancer survivors: a cohort study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) in gynecologic cancer survivors after radiotherapy (RT), investigate the frequency of adverse events and demonstrate an association between these symptoms and QOL. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 95 women aged 21-75 years undergoing RT for gynecologic cancer was carried out. QOL was assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF before, at 4 months, 1 year and 3 years after RT and adverse events were evaluated following RT by the (CTCAE) v 3.0 scale. QOL scores were assessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test over time. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of QOL. RESULTS: The most frequent adverse events were pain (64.2%) and dyspareunia (45.9%). A significant increase in QOL scores was observed in the psychological domain, general health and overall QOL. Pain was negatively associated with the physical, psychological and social relationship domains (p < 0.01); dyspareunia with the physical and social relationship (p < 0.01); decreased sexual interest with the psychological (p < 0.01). Higher family income was positively associated with the psychological domain and general health (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested that QOL improved after RT in women with gynecologic cancer. Adverse events, such as pain, dyspareunia and decreased sexual interest had a negative impact on QOL.

Efeitos da reconstrução mamária imediata sobre a qualidade de vida de mulheres mastectomizadas / Immediate breast reconstruction effects on quality of life of women with mastectomy

OBJETIVO: avaliar prospectivamente os efeitos da reconstrução mamária imediata sobre a qualidade de vida de mulheres mastectomizadas. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 76 mulheres submetidas à mastectomia no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, entre Agosto de 2007 a Dezembro de 2008. Dois grupos foram formados, 41 mulheres no grupo de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia associada à reconstrução imediata da mama (M+RI) e 35 no grupo de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia exclusiva (M). A avaliação da qualidade de vida foi feita com o uso do questionário World Health Organization - Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100). O questionário foi aplicado em três momentos: na data da internação, após um mês e novamente seis meses após a cirurgia. Os escores do WHOQOL-100 foram calculados conforme roteiro de análise fornecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para análise comparativa dos escores entre grupos, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, exato de Fisher, χ2 e Mann-Whitney, quando os dados eram paramétricos. Para análise das medidas repetidas, ao longo do tempo, foi utilizada a ANOVA e ANOVA para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: em todos os momentos, desde o pré-operatório, a pontuação média do Grupo M+RI foi maior que o Grupo M, principalmente nos domínios físico, psicológico, nível de independência e relações sociais. Dos seis domínios abrangidos no questionário, em três (físico, relações sociais, meio ambiente) não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Houve melhor pontuação para o Grupo M+RI (15,5 a 14,9 no M+RI e 14,3 a 14,2 no M; p=0,04) no domínio psicológico. Observou-se redução significativa do nível de independência no primeiro mês pós-operatório em ambos os grupos, com recuperação significativa após seis meses. CONCLUSÕES: os presentes resultados sugerem que a reconstrução mamária imediata é benéfica para aspectos psicológicos da qualidade de vida, sem afetar a funcionalidade física da mulher.

PURPOSE: to prospectively evaluate the effects of immediate breast reconstruction on the quality of life of women who underwent mastectomy. METHODS: 76 women that underwent mastectomy at Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, from August 2007 to December 2008, were included. Two groups were formed: 41 women who underwent mastectomy combined with immediate breast reconstruction (M+RI) and 35 that were subjected to mastectomy alone (M). The quality of life evaluation was assessed with the World Health Organization's questionnaire - Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100). The questionnaire was administered on three occasions: at the time of admission, one month after surgery, and again six months after surgery. The WHOQOL-100 scores were calculated according to analysis' guidelines by the World Health Organization. For comparison of the scores between groups, it was used the Student's t-test, Fisher exact test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test. For the analysis of repeated measures over time, ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measures were used. RESULTS: at all time points evaluated, beginning with the preoperative assessment, the average quality of life scores of the M+IR Group were higher than those of the M Group, primarily in the "physical", "psychological", "level of independence" and "social relationships" domains of the questionnaire. Of the six areas covered by the questionnaire, three ("physical", "social relations", "environment") showed no significant differences between groups. The M+IR Group had a better score (15.5 to 14.9 for the M+IR and 14.3 to 14.2 for M; p=0.04) in the psychological domain. There was a significant reduction in the level of independence in the first month after surgery in both groups, with a significant recovery after six months. CONCLUSIONS: the present results suggest that immediate breast reconstruction is significantly beneficial regarding the psychological aspects of quality of life, without affecting the patient's physical functionality.

Atividade física e qualidade de vida em mulheres com 60 anos ou mais: fatores associados / Physical activity and quality of life in women aged 60 or older: associated factors

OBJETIVO: avaliar o nível de atividade física, a qualidade de vida e os fatores associados em mulheres com 60 anos ou mais. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal que incluiu 271 mulheres frequentadoras de um centro de lazer e de mulheres atendidas no Ambulatório de Menopausa em Campinas (SP). As mulheres foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa, que foi realizada com o uso de entrevistas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), versão 8, modificado para a população idosa para avaliar o nível de atividade física, e o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde, específico para este grupo (WHOQOL-OLD), para avaliar o escore de qualidade de vida. Os resultados do IPAQ foram avaliados por meio de tercis, e a associação entre resultados do WHOQOL-OLD e IPAQ e características das mulheres pelos testes t de Student/Mann-Whitney e de análises múltiplas. RESULTADOS: a média etária das mulheres foi de 67,4±5,3 anos. Destas, 33 por cento foram classificadas como pouco ativas. A análise de cada domínio da atividade física mostrou que 60,8 por cento do tempo foi gasto em atividade sentada (1.701,6±986,1 minutos/semana). Ser frequentadora de um centro de lazer, ter maior idade, sem companheiro, maior escolaridade e boa autopercepção do estado de saúde, sem antecedentes de doenças e maior renda foram características que se associaram significativamente à prática de exercícios físicos de intensidade moderada/vigorosa. A análise múltipla evidenciou que frequentar um centro de lazer em Campinas (SP) e ter 70 anos ou mais aumentaram a chance de praticar exercícios físicos de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa, respectivamente, em 11,4 vezes e 2,8 vezes. O escore médio de qualidade de vida foi de 66,9±11,7. O maior valor foi observado no domínio referente às habilidades sensoriais (72,0±18,8), e o menor no que se refere à autonomia (60,3±16,2). A regressão linear mostrou que a boa autopercepção da saúde aumentou o escore de qualidade de vida em 7,3 pontos; o uso de maior número de medicamentos diminuiu em 4,4 pontos; e a prática de exercícios físicos moderados ou vigorosos aumentou em 4,8 pontos o referido escore. CONCLUSÕES: as mulheres despendem muito tempo na posição sentada. Evidenciou-se a importância da prática de exercícios físicos de intensidade moderada/vigorosa contribuindo para a obtenção de uma boa qualidade de vida.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the level of physical activity, quality of life and associated factors in women aged 60 or older. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted on 271 women who go to a Leisure Center and women attended at a menopause ambulatory in Campinas (SP). The women were invited to take part in the research, carried out through interviews. The instruments used were the version 8 of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) modified for the elderly population in order to evaluate their physical activity, and the World Health Organization Questionnaire of Quality of Life specific for this group (WHOQOL-OLD) to evaluate their quality of life. IPAQ results were assessed using tertiles. The association between the WHOQOL-OLD and the IPAQ results and subject characteristics was assessed by the Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test and multiple analyses. RESULTS: the average age of women was 67.4±5.3 years. Among these women, 33 percent were classified as being less active. Analysis of each physical activity domain showed that 60.8 percent of the time was spent in sitting activities (1,701.6±986.1 minutes/week). Multiple analyses indicated that attending a leisure center in Campinas (SP) and being 70 years old or older increased the chances of engaging in moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity physical activity by 11.4 and 2.8 times, respectively. The average quality of life score was 66.9±11.7. The highest value was observed in the domain related to sensory abilities (72.0±18.8) and the lowest value was related to autonomy (60.3±16.2). Linear regression showed that a good self-perception of health increased the quality of life score by 7.3 points, the use of a bigger amount of medication decreased it by 4.4 points and the performance of moderate or vigorous physical exercise increased the score by 4.8 points. CONCLUSION: women spend prolonged periods of time in sitting activities. The importance of engaging in moderate/vigorous-intensity physical activity is evident for obtaining a good quality of life.

Extração de terceiros molares retidos sob anestesia local. Avaliação de ansiedade, dor, alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias / Extraction of retained third molar teeth under local anesthesia. Evaluation of anxiety, pain, hemodynamic and respiratory alterations

Trata-se de estudo corte transversal, descritivo com componente analítico, com o objetivo de avaliar a ansiedade dos pacientes no período que precede o procedimento, as alterações hemodinâmicas, respiratórias e dor no intra-operatório em pacientes submetidos à extração de terceiros molares retidos sob anestesia local. Foram incluídos no estudo 42 sujeitos do sexo masculino, hígidos, com idade compreendida entre 18 e 34 anos. A anestesia foi feita com cloridrato de lidocaína a 2% com adrenalina 1:50.000, na dose que variou de 72 a 144mg. Com auxilio de monitor multiparamétrico não-invasivo avaliaram-se os parâmetros: pressão arterial média, freqüência cardíaca, saturação periférica de O2 e frequência respiratória; o grau de ansiedade (escala de ansiedade para cirurgia odontológica) e dor (escala analógica visual). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos testes t de Student e Wilcoxon pareado. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5%. O tempo médio máximo de cirurgia foi 60 minutos, período considerado para análise dos resultados. Neste estudo, vinte pacientes apresentavam algum grau de ansiedade. Dor intensa foi referida por sete pacientes nos momentos da osteotomia, odontosecção e luxação que necessitaram de complementação com anestésico local. A análise individual dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios mostrou alterações consideradas clinicamente significativas. Os resultados deste estudo permitem concluir que alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias podem ocorrer durante extrações de terceiros molares retidos, especialmente em pacientes ansiosos e com dor. A monitorização é importante na detecção e conseqüentemente prevenção dessas intercorrências, sendo particularmente útil em pacientes em que essas repercussões devam ser evitadas.

A transversal, descriptive study with an analytical component was conducted, aimed at evaluating anxiety during the period preceding the procedure, as well as hemodynamic and respiratory alterations and pain during the intraoperative period in patients undergoing the extraction of retained third molars under local anesthesia. Forty-two healthy male subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 34 years were included in the study. Anesthesia was performed with lidocaine hydrochloride 2% with epinephrine 1:50.000, at a dose ranging from 72 to 144mg. A non-invasive multiparametric monitor was used to monitor the following parameters: mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral O2 saturation, respiratory rate; level of anxiety (anxiety scale for dental surgery) and pain (visual analog scale). Statistical analysis was performed with a paired Student’s t and Wilcoxon’s test. The significance level was set at 5%. In this study, twenty patients had some level of anxiety. Severe pain was reported in seven patients who required supplementation with local anesthesia during osteotomy, tooth sectioning and luxation. Individual analysis of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters showed alterations that were considered significant. The results of this study enabled us to conclude that hemodynamic and respiratory alterations may occur during the extraction of retained third molars. Monitoring is important for the detection and thus prevention of these complications. Furthermore, it is particularly useful in patients in whom these repercussions must be avoided.