Electron Nuclear Dynamics of H+ + C2H2 at ELab = 30, 200, and 450 eV.

We present a complete simplest-level electron nuclear dynamics (SLEND) investigation of H+ + C2H2 at collision energies ELab = 30, 200, and 450 eV. This reaction is relevant in astrophysics and provides a computationally feasible prototype for proton cancer therapy reactions. SLEND is a time-dependent, variational, direct, and nonadiabatic method that adopts a classical-mechanics description for the nuclei and a Thouless single-determinantal wave function for the electrons. We perform this study with our code PACE, which incorporates the One Electron Direct/Electron Repulsion Direct (OED/ERD) atomic integrals package developed by the Bartlett group. Current SLEND simulations with the 6-31G** basis set involves 2,646 trajectory calculations from 9 nonredundant, symmetry-inequivalent projectile-target orientations. For H+ + C2H2 at ELab = 30 eV, SLEND/6-31G** simulations predict one simple scattering process, and three reactive ones: C2H2 hydrogen substitution, C2H2 fragmentation into two CH moieties, and C2H2 fragmentation into CHC and H moieties, respectively. We reveal and analyze the mechanisms of these processes through computer animations; this valuable chemical information is inaccessible by experiments. The SLEND/6-31G** scattering angle functions exhibit primary and secondary rainbow scattering features that vary with the projectile-target orientations and collision energies. SLEND/6-31G** predicts 1-electron-transfer (1-ET) integral cross sections at ELab = 30, 200, and 450 eV in good agreement with their experimental counterparts. SLEND/6-31-G** predicts 1-ET differential cross sections (DCSs) at ELab = 30 eV that agree well with their experimental counterparts over all the measured scattering angles. In addition, SLEND/6-31G** predicts 0-ET DCSs at ELab = 30 eV that agree well with their experimental counterparts at low scattering angles, but less satisfactorily at higher ones. Remarkably, both the 0- and 1-ET DCSs from SLEND/6-31G** exhibit distinct primary rainbow scattering signatures in excellent agreement with their experimentally inferred counterparts. Furthermore, both SLEND/6-31G** and the experiment indicate that the primary rainbow scattering angles from the 0- and 1-ET DCSs are identical (an unusual fact in proton-molecule collisions). Through these rainbow scattering predictions, SLEND has also validated a procedure to extract primary rainbow angles from structureless DCSs. We analyze the obtained theoretical results in comparison with available experimental data and discuss forthcoming developments in the SLEND method.

Anthelmintic efficacy of an organic fraction from Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and evaluation of reactive oxidative stress on Haemonchus contortus.

This study describes the anthelmintic efficacy of an organic fraction (EtOAc-F) from Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and the evaluation of its reactive oxidative stress on Haemonchus contortus. The first step was to assess the anthelmintic effect of EtOAc-F at 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 and 14 mg kg of body weight (BW) in gerbil's (Meriones unguiculatus) artificially infected with H. contortus infective larvae (L3). The second step was to evaluate the preliminary toxicity after oral administration of the EtOAc-F in gerbils. Finally, the third step was to determine the relative expression of biomarkers such as glutathione (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) against H. contortus L3 post-exposition to EtOAc-F. Additionally, the less-polar compounds of EtOAc-F were identified by gas mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The highest anthelmintic efficacy (97.34%) of the organic fraction was found in the gerbils treated with the 14 mg/kg of BW. Histopathological analysis did not reveal changes in tissues. The relative expression reflects overexpression of GPx (p<0.05, fold change: 14.35) and over expression of SOD (p≤0.05, fold change: 0.18) in H. contortus L3 exposed to 97.44 mg/mL of EtOAc-F compared with negative control. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), leucoanthocyanidin derivative (2), coniferyl alcohol (3), ferulic acid methyl ester acetate (4), 2,3,4-trimethoxycinnamic acid (5) and epiyangambin (6) as major compounds. According to these results, the EtOAc-F from G. ulmifolia leaves exhibit anthelmintic effect and increased the stress biomarkers on H. contortus.

Modelación de factores motivacionales relacionadas con la satisfacción académica: un estudio multinivel / Modeling motivational factors related to academic satisfaction: a multilevel study

Antecedentes: los factores motivacionales constituyen aspectos fundamentales para lograr experiencias de bienestar asociadas al desarrollo de actividades académicas. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre la satisfacción académica se han focalizado en la dimensión individual, excluyendo la influencia del nivel docente. Objetivo: el estudio tiene por objetivo estimar un modelo hipotético multinivel que explica la satisfacción académica desde factores motivacionales de docentes y estudiantes. Método: la muestra se estructura de manera jerárquica, considerando 745 estudiantes universitarios anidados a 32 docentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utiliza estadística descriptiva y análisis de senderos multinivel. Resultados: los resultados muestran que los factores motivacionales de los estudiantes explican mayoritariamente la variación de la satisfacción académica. No obstante, el nivel docente también incide significativamente a partir de la percepción de presión delos estudiantes, proceso que debilita la motivación autónoma para la enseñanza y la autoeficacia docente, afectando la calidad de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Conclusión: se concluye que la configuración de la satisfacción académica implica el despliegue de recursos motivacionales tanto de docentes como de estudiantes, los que a partir de su interacción contribuyenal desarrollo de experiencias de bienestar en el aula. Palabras clave: satisfacción académica; motivaciónautónoma; locus percibido de causalidad; análisis multinivel.

Background: Motivational factors constitute fundamental aspects of achieving well-being and experiences associated with the development of academic activities. However, studies on academic satisfaction have focused on the individual dimension, excluding the influence of the teaching level. Objective: the study aims to estimate a hypothetical multilevel model that explains academic satisfaction from motivational factors of teachers and students. Method: the sample is structured hierarchically, considering 745 university students nested within 32 teachers. Descriptive statistics and multilevel pathanalysis are used to analyze the data. Results: the resultsshow that students' motivational factors mainly explain the variation in academic satisfaction. However, the teacher level also has a significant effect from the students'perception of pressure. This process weakens autonomous motivation for teaching and teaching self-efficacy, affecting the quality of the teaching-learning processes.Conclusion: it is concluded that the configuration of academic satisfaction involves the deployment of motivational resources of both teachers and students, which, through their interaction, contribute to the development of well-being experiences in the classroom. Keywords: academic satisfaction; autonomous motivation; perceived locus of causality; multilevel analysis.

Electron nuclear dynamics of time-dependent symmetry breaking in H+ + H2O at ELab = 28.5-200.0 eV: a prototype for ion cancer therapy reactions.

Following our preceding research [P. M. McLaurin, R. Merritt, J. C. Domínguez, E. S. Teixeira and J. A. Morales, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 5006], we present an electron nuclear dynamics (END) investigation of H+ + H2O at ELab = 28.5-200.0 eV in conjunction with a computational procedure to induce symmetry breaking during evolution. The investigated system is a computationally feasible prototype to simulate water radiolysis reactions in ion cancer therapy. END is a time-dependent, variational, non-adiabatic, and on-the-fly method, which utilizes classical mechanics for nuclei and a Thouless single-determinantal state for electrons. In this study, a procedure inherent to END introduces low degrees of symmetry breaking into the reactants' restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) state to induce a higher symmetry breaking during evolution. Specifically, the Thouless exponential operator acting on the RHF reference generates an axial spin density wave (ASDW) state according to Fukutome's analysis of HF symmetry breaking; this state exhibits spatial and spin symmetry breaking. By varying a Thouless parameter, low degrees of symmetry breaking are introduced into ASDW states. After starting the dynamics from those states, higher degrees of symmetry breaking may subsequently emerge as dictated by the END equations without ad hoc interventions. Simulations starting from symmetry-conforming states preserve the symmetry features during dynamics, whereas simulations starting from symmetry-broken states display an upsurge of symmetry breaking once the reactants collide. Present simulations predict three types of reactions: (I) projectile scattering, (II) hydrogen substitution, and (III) water radiolysis into H + OH and 2H + O fragments. Remarkably, symmetry breaking considerably increases the extent of the target-to-projectile electron transfers (ETs) occurring during the above reactions. Then, with symmetry breaking, 1-ET differential and integral cross sections increase in value, whereas 0-ET differential cross sections and primary rainbow scattering angles decrease. More importantly, END properties calculated from symmetry-breaking simulations exhibit better agreement with the experimental data. Notably, END 1-ET integral cross sections with symmetry breaking compare better with their experimental counterparts than 1-ET integral cross sections from high-level close-coupling calculations; moreover, END validates an undetected rainbow scattering peak inferred from the experimental data. A discussion of our symmetry-breaking procedure in the context of Fukutome's analysis of HF symmetry breaking is also presented.

Three-Dimensional Orientation of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The aim of this study was to describe the three-dimensional orientation of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by calculating the angles of inclination in relation to the axial plane which is given for the knee joint line in a group of healthy individuals. These could help to establish guidelines that may be used for the surgical positioning of bone tunnels during ACL reconstruction. A total of 290 MRI scans of patients with integrity of the ACL were evaluated; three observers identified the coordinates of the femoral and tibial insertion sites, then it is defined the vector and evaluated its angles with respect to axial axis and calculated the angles with trigonometric equations. The data were analyzed according to the age, sex, side, BMI, and height of the patients, and the interobserver reliability was calculated. The patient demographics were as follows: age average: 45 years old, BMI average: 27.1, 54% right knees, and 60% female. The average angle for all the measurements was 76.95 degrees (SD ± 6.8 degrees) in the sagittal plane, 81.65 degrees (SD ± 7.79 degrees) in the coronal plane and 33.17 degrees (SD ± 4.98 degrees) in the axial plane. No statistically significant differences were found between the categorical variables mentioned; moderate to substantial interobserver reliability strength was found with an average kappa of 0.791 for all measurements. The three-dimensional orientation of the native ACL in a group of healthy individuals was established. The findings can be helpful for performing anatomical reconstructions of the ACL in injured patients using as reference the average calculated angles, or measure of the contralateral non-injured knee for surgical planning; these results serve as a basis for the design of a technique that optimizes the three-dimensional position of the ACL when it undergoes reconstruction in the trend toward greater precision for better functional results. Biomechanical and clinical-surgical studies are required to further evaluate our results.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of ketamine in postoperative pain control in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing spinal fusion.

PURPOSE: In this meta-analysis, we aim to compare ketamine use versus a control group (saline solution) during induction of anesthesia in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing fusion surgery in terms of postoperative opioid consumption, pain control, and side effects. METHODS: A PubMed search of studies published over the last 20 years using the descriptor/terms "ketamine AND scoliosis" was performed. Baseline characteristics of each article were obtained and efficacy measures analyzed (morphine equivalent treatment at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively, complications (vomiting/nausea and pruritus), length of hospital stay (days); and pain score (VAS)) (Review Manager 5.4 software package). RESULTS: Five randomized clinical trials were included. Morphine administration showed statistically significant differences at 24 and 48 h (MD - 0.15, 95% CI - 0.18 to - 0.12) and (MD - 0.26, 95% CI - 0.31 to - 0.21) between the ketamine and control (saline solution), respectively. No intergroup differences were found regarding nausea/vomiting and pruritus (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.67) and (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.62), respectively, same as for the pain score (MD - 0.75, 95% CI - 1.71 to 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: The use intraoperative and postoperative continuous low doses of ketamine significantly reduces opioid use throughout the first 48 h in patients with AIS who undergo posterior spinal fusion.

Etiología de baja visión y ceguera en siete centros de referencia en Colombia entre los años 2012 a 2017 / Etiology of low vision and blindness in seven reference centers in Colombia between the years 2012 to 2017

Introducción: La baja visión y la ceguera tienen alta prevalencia mundial, siendo categorías de discapacidad frecuentes en Colombia. Se requieren estudios que caractericen la etiología de las deficiencias visuales permanentes. Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar las diferentes causas de baja visión y ceguera en siete centros de referencia para la población con discapacidad visual en Colombia, atendida entre los años 2012 a 2017 en seis ciudades capitales. Materiales y métodos:Estudio retrospectivo, serie de casos, descriptivo y multicéntrico.Resultados: Se contó con una muestra de 879 registros de pacientes con discapacidad visual. El 70% (612/879) con baja visión y 30% (267/879) con ceguera. Para todos los grupos de edad es más prevalente la baja visión. La etiología más frecuente en pacientes con baja visión fue la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) (24%, 144/612); en pacientes con ceguera fue el glaucoma (17%, 45/267). Discusión: Posiblemente en Colombia las causas de baja visión y ceguera van más allá de las cataratas, errores de refracción no corregidos y ceguera infecciosa. Discusión: Las etiologías más frecuentes encontradas son condiciones oculares crónicas y diversas, que requieren intervenciones específicas para disminuir su prevalencia y prevenir casos de baja visión y ceguera.

Introduction: Low vision and blindness have high global prevalence, with categories of disability common in Colombia. Studies that characterize the etiology of permanent visual impairments are required. Objective:To identify and characterize the different causes of low vision and blindness in seven reference centers for the visually impaired population in Colombia, attended between 2012 and 2017 in six capital cities. Materials and Methods:Retrospective, case series, descriptive and multicenter study. Results: A sample of 879 records of visually impaired patients was available. Low vision is more prevalent for all age groups. 70% (612/879) low vision and 30% (267/879) blindness. The most common etiology in patients with low vision was age-related macular degeneration (DMAE) (24%, 144/612); in patients with blindness it was glaucoma (17%, 45/267). Discussions: Possibly in Colombia the causes of low vision and blindness go beyond cataracts, un corrected refractive errors and infectious blindness. Conclusions: The most common etiologies found are chronic and diverse eye conditions, which require specific interventions to decrease their prevalence and prevent cases of low vision and blindness.

Introdução: Baixa visão e cegueira têm alta prevalência global, com categorias de incapacidade comuns na Colômbia. São necessários estudos que caracterizem a etiologia das deficiências visuais permanentes. Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar as diferentes causas de baixa visão e cegueira em sete centros de referência para a população deficiente visual na Colômbia, atendidos entre 2012 e 2017 em seis capitais. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, série de casos, descritivo e multicêntrico. Resultados: Uma amostra de 879 registros de pacientes com deficiência visual estava disponível. 54% (478/879) homens. A baixa visão é mais prevalente para todas as faixas etárias. 70% (612/879) baixa visão e 30% (267/879) cegueira. A etiologia mais comum em pacientes com baixa visão foi a degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMAE) (24%, 144/612); em pacientes com cegueira foi glaucoma (17%, 45/267).Discussão: Possivelmente na Colômbia as causas da baixa visão e cegueira vão além da catarata, erros refrativos não corrigidos e cegueira infecciosa. Conclusões: As etiologias mais comuns encontradas são condições oculares crônicas e diversas, que requerem intervenções específicas para diminuir sua prevalência e prevenir casos de baixa visão e cegueira

Evaluation of Adding Natural Gum to Pectin Extracted from Ecuadorian Citrus Peels as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel.

The production and use of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors allows valuable compounds contained in plant waste to be identified and repurposed while reducing the use of polluting synthetic substances. Pectin extracted from Tahiti limes (Citrus latifolia) and King mandarin (Citrus nobilis L.) in addition to natural gums-xanthan gum and latex from the "lechero" plant (Euphorbia laurifolia)-were used to create an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. The optimal extraction conditions for pectin were determined from different combinations of pH, temperature, and time in a 23 factorial design and evaluated according to the obtained pectin yield. The highest pectin extraction yields (38.10% and 41.20% from King mandarin and lime, respectively) were reached at pH = 1, 85 °C, and 2 h. Extraction of pectic compounds was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry analyses. Subsequently, a simplex-centroid mixture design was applied to determine the formulation of extracted pectin and natural gums that achieved the highest corrosion inhibitor effect (linear polarization and weight loss methods in NACE 1D-196 saline media using API-5LX52 carbon steel). Impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the addition of xanthan gum to pectin (formulation 50% pectin-50% xanthan gum) improved the corrosion inhibitor effect from 29.20 to 78.21% at 400 ppm due to higher adsorption of inhibitory molecules on the metal surface.

Gigantismo acromegaloide. Presentación de un caso

RESUMEN Tanto el gigantismo como la acromegalia pueden deberse a una secreción excesiva de hormona del crecimiento por parte de la hipófisis anterior. Cuando los afectados son jóvenes en edades próximas al cierre de los cartílagos se manifiestan signos y síntomas de gigantismo y de acromegalia. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 20 años de edad atendido en el Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Gustavo Aldereguia Lima de Cienfuegos con manifestaciones clínicas de alta talla, crecimiento acral e hipertensión arterial. Se le realizó prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa que midió hormona de crecimiento y confirmó el exceso hormonal. La resonancia magnética contrastada con gadolinio informó macroadenoma hipofisario. Se diagnosticó como gigantismo acromegaloide por un tumor hipofisario productor de hormona del crecimiento. Se realizó exéresis del macroadenoma, con evolución favorable. Es indiscutible la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad, pues acorta la esperanza de vida, aumenta la mortalidad global no solo por la hipersecreción hormonal, sino también por el efecto de masa del tumor.

ABSTRACT Both gigantism and acromegaly can be due to excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary. When those affected are young, close to cartilage closure, signs and symptoms of gigantism and acromegaly appear. The case of a 20-year-old male patient treated in the Endocrinology Service of the Gustavo Aldereguia Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos with clinical manifestations of tall stature, acral growth and arterial hypertension is presented. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed that measured growth hormone and confirmed the excess of hormones. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI reported pituitary macroadenoma. It was diagnosed as acromegaloid gigantism due to a growth hormone-producing pituitary tumor. The macroadenoma was excised, with a favorable evolution. The importance of early diagnosis of this disease is indisputable, since it shortens life expectancy, increases global mortality not only due to hormonal hypersecretion, but also due to the mass effect of the tumor.

Evaluación de la dosificación de voriconazol intravenoso tres veces al día vs dos veces al día para el tratamiento de aspergilosis invasora en niños inmunocomprometidos: monitorización terapéutica y seguridad / Evaluation dosing intravenous voriconazole three times a day vs twice daily for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised children: therapeutic drugs monitoring and safety

INTRODUCCIÓN: Voriconazol es el antifúngico de elección para el tratamiento de la aspergilosis invasora (AI). Concentraciones plasmáticas (CPs) > 1 μg/mL se han asociado a mejores resultados terapéuticos, las que no siempre se alcanzan durante el tratamiento en niños inmunocomprometidos. Dada la necesidad de iniciar una terapia precoz y efectiva de la infección, es relevante establecer el régimen de administración de voriconazol que se asocie con CPs óptimas en esta población. OBJETIVO: Comparar las CPs y seguridad de voriconazol intravenoso (IV), dosificado BID y TID en niños inmunocomprometidos con indicación de tratamiento antifúngico. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de enero de 2015 a julio de 2018 en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad de Santiago de Chile, en pacientes de 0 a 17 años que recibieron tratamiento con voriconazol IV. Se excluyeron aquellos con terapia de reemplazo renal, falla hepática y/o falla renal. Se compararon las CPs valles entre un grupo con régimen de dosificación BID y otro grupo con administración TID. Se evaluaron las reacciones adversas en ambos grupos. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 137 CPs valles en 76 niños, con una mediana de edad de 9 años (0-17 años) en el grupo BID y 9 años (0-16 años) en el grupo TID, con una mediana de peso de 27 kg (6-83 kg) y 28 kg (9,3-60 kg), respectivamente. Resultados: Pacientes 1 gg/mL en comparación con la administración BID (p = 0,001). Se reportaron ocho reacciones adversas, principalmente fotofobia, sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre grupo BID y TID. CONCLUSIÓN: Dosificaciones TID están asociadas a una mayor probabilidad de obtener una adecuada exposición a voriconazol en pacientes < 12 años en comparación a dosificaciones BID, con baja frecuencia de reacciones adversas.

BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is the antifungal of choice for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Plasma concentrations (PCs) > 1 μg / mL llave been associated with better therapeutic results which have not always been achieved during treatment in immunocompromised children. In the necessity to initiate early and effective therapy for the infection, it is relevant to establish the voriconazole administration regimen that is associated with optimal PCs in this population. AIM: To compare the PC and safety of intravenous (IV) voriconazole, dosed BID and TID in immunocompromised children with indication of antifungal treatment. METHOD: Retrospective observational study since January 2015 until July 2018 in a highly complex pediatric hospital in Santiago of Chile, in patients aged 0 to 17 years who received treatment with IV voriconazole. Those with renal replacement therapy, liver failure and / or renal failure were excluded. Trough PCs were compared between a group with BID dosing regimen versus another group with TID administration. Adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: 137 trough PCs were obtained in 76 children, with a median age of 9 years (0-17 years) in the BID group and 9 years (0-16) in the TID group with a median weight of 27 kg (6-83 kg) and 28 kg (9.3-60 kg), respectively. Patients 1 gg/mL compared to BID administration (p = 0.001). Eight adverse reactions were reported, mainly photophobia, with no significant difference found between the BID and TID groups. CONCLUSION: TID dosages are associated with a greater probability of obtaining adequate exposure to voriconazole in patients < 12 years old compared to BID dosages, with a low frequency of adverse reactions.

Self-Complementary Zwitterionic Peptides Direct Nanoparticle Assembly and Enable Enzymatic Selection of Endocytic Pathways.

Supramolecular self-assembly in biological systems holds promise to convert and amplify disease-specific signals to physical or mechanical signals that can direct cell fate. However, it remains challenging to design physiologically stable self-assembling systems that demonstrate tunable and predictable behavior. Here, the use of zwitterionic tetrapeptide modalities to direct nanoparticle assembly under physiological conditions is reported. The self-assembly of gold nanoparticles can be activated by enzymatic unveiling of surface-bound zwitterionic tetrapeptides through matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), which is overexpressed by cancer cells. This robust nanoparticle assembly is achieved by multivalent, self-complementary interactions of the zwitterionic tetrapeptides. In cancer cells that overexpress MMP-9, the nanoparticle assembly process occurs near the cell membrane and causes size-induced selection of cellular uptake mechanism, resulting in diminished cell growth. The enzyme responsiveness, and therefore, indirectly, the uptake route of the system can be programmed by customizing the peptide sequence: a simple inversion of the two amino acids at the cleavage site completely inactivates the enzyme responsiveness, self-assembly, and consequently changes the endocytic pathway. This robust self-complementary, zwitterionic peptide design demonstrates the use of enzyme-activated electrostatic side-chain patterns as powerful and customizable peptide modalities to program nanoparticle self-assembly and alter cellular response in biological context.

Evaluación funcional de la rodilla en reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior al retorno al deporte: validación de la escala ACL-RSI modificada / Functional evaluation of the knee in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at the return to sport: Validation of the modified ACL-RSI scale

Introducción La reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (RLCA) permitir que el deportista vuelva al nivel previo de la lesión; un porcentaje alto no lo logra por factores físicos y psicológicos. Uno de los métodos más usados para la evaluar subjetiva la funcionalidad de la rodilla al reinicio de la actividad física es la escala ACL-RSI (Anterior Cruciate Ligament ­ Return to Sport injury). Objetivo Evaluar la funcionalidad de la rodilla en el retorno al deporte en pacientes con RLCA y validar la escala ACL-RSI modificada en deportistas con actividad recreativa. Materiales y métodos Se realizó traducción y re-traducción de la escala ACL-RSI modificada, se adaptaron culturalmente palabras seleccionadas en la escala, y se aplicó a 44 deportistas recreativos en posoperatorio de RLCA de 9 meses con retorno a la actividad física. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de resultados, análisis factorial exploratorio de la escala y aplicación de alfa de Cronbach para evaluar fiabilidad de la escala. Resultados La edad media fue de 33,7 años. El alfa de Cronbach obtenido para la escala ACL-RSI modificada fue de 0,928. Las medias de las respuestas muestran resultados funcionales de entre 4-6 en escala de 10 en cuanto a factores físicos y psicológicos relacionados con la RLCA, el peor resultado fue relacionado con salto durante la actividad deportiva (media 4,1). Conclusiones La escala ACL-RSI modificada, adaptada culturalmente es válida y aplicable para evaluar funcionalidad de rodilla en RLCA en retorno al deporte. Los resultados funcionales presentan medias inferiores a 6 para todos los ítems tanto físicos como psicológicos.

Introduction Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can allow the athlete to return to the level prior to the injury, despite the success of the procedure, a high percentage does not achieve it due to physical and psychological factors. One of the most used methods for the subjective evaluation of knee functionality after resumption of physical activity is the ACL-RSI scale (Anterior Cruciate Ligament ­ Return to Sport injury). Objective To evaluate the functionality of the knee in the return to sport in patients with RLCA and to validate the modified ACL-RSI scale in athletes with recreational activity. Materials and methods Translation and re-translation of the modified ACL-RSI scale was performed, selected words on the scale were culturally adapted, and it was applied to 44 recreational athletes in the 9-month postoperative ACL with return to physical activity. performed descriptive analysis of the results, exploratory factorial analysis of the scale and application of Cronbach's alpha to assess the reliability of the scale. Results The mean age was 33.7 years. Cronbach's alpha obtained for the modified ACL-RSI scale was 0.928. The means of the answers show functional results between 4 and 6 on a scale of 10 in terms of physical and psychological factors related to RLCA, the worst result was related to jumping during sports activity (mean 4.1). Conclusions The modified, culturally adapted ACL-RSI scale is valid and applicable to assess knee function in RLCA on return to sport. The functional results of the RCLA show means less than 6 for all items, both physical and psychological.

Potential Diagnostic Value of the Differential Expression of Histone H3 Variants between Low- and High-Grade Gliomas.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive form of glioma and is characterized by poor prognosis and high recurrence despite intensive clinical interventions. To retrieve the key factors underlying the high malignancy of GB with potential diagnosis utility, we combined the analysis of The Cancer Gene Atlas and the REMBRANDT datasets plus a molecular examination of our own collection of surgical tumor resections. We determined a net reduction in the levels of the non-canonical histone H3 variant H3.3 in GB compared to lower-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas with a concomitant increase in the levels of the canonical histone H3 variants H3.1/H3.2. This increase can be potentially useful in the clinical diagnosis of high-grade gliomas, as evidenced by an immunohistochemistry screening of our cohort and can be at least partially explained by the induction of multiple histone genes encoding these canonical forms. Moreover, GBs showing low bulk levels of the H3.1/H3.2 proteins were more transcriptionally similar to low-grade gliomas than GBs showing high levels of H3.1/H3.2. In conclusion, this study identifies an imbalanced ratio between the H3 variants associated with glioma malignancy and molecular patterns relevant to the biology of gliomas, and proposes the examination of the H3.3 and H3.1/H3.2 levels to further refine diagnosis of low- and high-grade gliomas in future studies.

Statistical-law formulas for zero- to two-electron-transfer probabilities in proton-molecule and proton cancer therapy reactions from electron nuclear dynamics theory.

We present the first quantum-mechanical derivation of statistical-law formulas to calculate zero- to two-electron transfers (ETs) in proton-molecule reactions. The original statistical derivation assumed that the n-ET probabilities of N electrons in a shell obey an N-trial binomial distribution with success probability equal to an individual one-ET probability; the latter was heuristically identified with the number of transferred electrons from the integrated charge density. The obtained formulas proved accurate to calculate ET cross sections in proton-molecule and proton cancer therapy (PCT) reactions. We adopt the electron nuclear dynamics (END) theory in our quantum-mechanical derivation due to its versatile description of ETs via a Thouless single-determinantal state. Since non-orthogonal Thouless dynamical spin-orbitals pose mathematical difficulties, we first present a derivation for a model system with N ≥ 2 electrons where only two with opposite spins are ET active; in that scheme, the Thouless dynamical spin-orbitals become orthogonal, a fact that facilitates a still intricate derivation. In the end, we obtain the number of transferred electrons from the Thouless state charge density and the ETs probabilities from the Thouless state resolution into projectile-molecule eigenstates describing ETs. We prove that those probabilities and numbers of electrons interrelate as in the statistical-law formulas via their common dependency on the Thouless variational parameters. We review past ET results of proton-molecule and PCT reactions obtained with these formulas in the END framework and present new results of H+ + N2O. We will present the derivation for systems with N > 2 electrons all active for ETs in a sequel.

Osteotomía de Fulkerson modificada por Heatley para tratamiento del dolor patelofemoral: serie de casos / Heatley modified Fulkerson osteotomy for the treatment of patellar femoral pain. A case series

Introducción El síndrome de dolor patelofemoral (SDPF) es una posible causa de dolor anterior en la rodilla que afecta predominantemente a mujeres jóvenes. No existe hasta el momento un consenso en cuanto a la etiología, pero la evidencia sugiere que el malalineamiento patelofemoral probablemente desempeña un papel en la patogénesis del dolor y particularmente en la condromalacia. Las osteotomías clásicamente utilizadas y descritas en la literatura reportan resultados funcionales variables, sin embargo los buenos resultados descritos en la literatura se encuentran en un rango entre el 50%-80%, lo que indica alguna dificultad con la reproducibilidad de la técnica o su eficacia, por lo que queremos evaluar los resultados de una técnica diferente. Materiales y Métodos Estudio de serie de casos prospectivo de pacientes con síndrome de dolor patelofemoral tratados con una nueva técnica de osteotomía de la tuberosidad tibial anterior anteromedializadora en V. Resultados Se evaluaron 19 rodillas, los promedios de intensidad de dolor fueron de 9 en el preoperatorio, 4 y 3 en el seguimiento a tres y seis meses, en la escala de Kujala se obtuvo un promedio de 33 puntos en el preoperatorio, de 75 a los 3 meses y de 87 a los seis meses. Discusión En nuestro estudio consideramos un porcentaje de 94,7% de buenos o excelentes resultados y 5% de malos resultados. La técnica descrita y utilizada en nuestro estudio presenta una tasa de buenos resultados similar a las descritas en la literatura con otras técnicas quirúrgicas y con diferentes escalas funcionales.

Background Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a possible cause of anterior knee pain that predominantly affects young women. To date, there is no consensus regarding the aetiology, but the evidence suggests that patellofemoral misalignment probably plays a role in the pathogenesis of pain and particularly in chondromalacia. Osteotomies classically used and described in the literature report variable functional results. As the good results described in the literature are in a range between 50%-80%, this indicates some difficulty with the reproducibility of the technique, or its effectiveness, we wish to evaluate the results of a different technique. Materials and Methods Prospective case series study of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome treated with a new osteotomy technique of the anterior tibial tuberosity, anterior-medialized, in V. Results A total of 19 knees were evaluated. The mean pain intensity was 9 in the preoperative period, and 4 and 3 in the follow-up at three and six months, respectively. A mean of 33 points on the Kujala scale was obtained in the pre-operative period, and 75 at 3 months and 87 at six months follow-up. Discussion A percentage of 94.7% was considered good or excellent results, and 5% of considered as bad. The technique described and used in our study presents a rate of good results similar to those described in the literature with other surgical techniques and with different functional scales.

Efficacy of the bivalent HPV vaccine against HPV 16/18-associated precancer: long-term follow-up results from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.

BACKGROUND: Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause most cases of cervical cancer. Here, we report long-term follow-up results for the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (publicly funded and initiated before licensure of the HPV vaccines), with the aim of assessing the efficacy of the bivalent HPV vaccine for preventing HPV 16/18-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). METHODS: Women aged 18-25 years were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial in Costa Rica, between June 28, 2004, and Dec 21, 2005, designed to assess the efficacy of a bivalent vaccine for the prevention of infection with HPV 16/18 and associated precancerous lesions at the cervix. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive an HPV 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine or control hepatitis A vaccine. Vaccines were administered intramuscularly in three 0·5 mL doses at 0, 1, and 6 months and participants were followed up annually for 4 years. After the blinded phase, women in the HPV vaccine group were invited to enrol in the long-term follow-up study, which extended follow-up for 7 additional years. The control group received HPV vaccine and was replaced with a new unvaccinated control group. Women were followed up every 2 years until year 11. Investigators and patients were aware of treatment allocation for the follow-up phase. At each visit, clinicians collected cervical cells from sexually active women for cytology and HPV testing. Women with abnormal cytology were referred to colposcopy, biopsy, and treatment as needed. Women with negative results at the last screening visit (year 11) exited the long-term follow-up study. The analytical cohort for vaccine efficacy included women who were HPV 16/18 DNA-negative at vaccination. The primary outcome of this analysis was defined as histopathologically confirmed CIN2+ or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse associated with HPV 16/18 cervical infection detected at colposcopy referral. We calculated vaccine efficacy by year and cumulatively. This long-term follow-up study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00867464. FINDINGS: 7466 women were enrolled in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial; 3727 received the HPV vaccine and 3739 received the control vaccine. Between March 30, 2009, and July 5, 2012, 2635 women in the HPV vaccine group and 2836 women in the new unvaccinated control group were enrolled in the long-term follow-up study. 2635 women in the HPV vaccine group and 2677 women in the control group were included in the analysis cohort for years 0-4, and 2073 women from the HPV vaccine group and 2530 women from the new unvaccinated control group were included in the analysis cohort for years 7-11. Median follow-up time for the HPV group was 11·1 years (IQR 9·1-11·7), 4·6 years (4·3-5·3) for the original control group, and 6·2 years (5·5-6·9) for the new unvaccinated control group. At year 11, vaccine efficacy against incident HPV 16/18-associated CIN2+ was 100% (95% CI 89·2-100·0); 34 (1·5%) of 2233 unvaccinated women had a CIN2+ outcome compared with none of 1913 women in the HPV group. Cumulative vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18-associated CIN2+ over the 11-year period was 97·4% (95% CI 88·0-99·6). Similar protection was observed against HPV 16/18-associated CIN3-specifically at year 11, vaccine efficacy was 100% (95% CI 78·8-100·0) and cumulative vaccine efficacy was 94·9% (73·7-99·4). During the long-term follow-up, no serious adverse events occurred that were deemed related to the HPV vaccine. The most common grade 3 or worse serious adverse events were pregnancy, puerperium, and perinatal conditions (in 255 [10%] of 2530 women in the unvaccinated control group and 201 [10%] of 2073 women in the HPV vaccine group). Four women in the unvaccinated control group and three in the HPV vaccine group died; no deaths were deemed to be related to the HPV vaccine. INTERPRETATION: The bivalent HPV vaccine has high efficacy against HPV 16/18-associated precancer for more than a decade after initial vaccination, supporting the notion that invasive cervical cancer is preventable. FUNDING: US National Cancer Institute.

Characterization of adult patients with systemic sclerosis in a reference center from northwestern Colombia: A descriptive survey / Caracterización de pacientes adultos con esclerosis sistémica en un centro de referencia del noroccidente de Colombia: un estudio descriptivo

ABSTRACT Background: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune and multisystemic disease characterized by vascular involvement and fibrosis that mainly affects the skin and internal organs; its morbidity and mortality are the highest of rheumatic diseases. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of adult patients with systemic sclerosis in a reference center in rheumatology in northwestern Colombia, between 2006 and 2016. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Information on sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical variables was collected from the review of medical records. The data were processed with the IBM SPSS 22 statistical package. The qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies and the quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, according to their distribution. Results: 44 patients were included, predominantly women (90.9%), with an average age of 59 years; the most common variety was the limited (61.3%). One hundred percent of the subjects presented Raynaud's phenomenon and the most common compromised systems were: cutaneous (100%), musculoskeletal (59.1%), and gastrointestinal (50%). 95.5% of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria ACR / EULAR 2013. Regarding the immunological profile, 72.7% of the individuals had positive antinuclear antibodies, of which 53.1% had a centromeric pattern. Conclusions: Sociodemographic, clinical and similar characteristics were found in this cohort, according to what was published in the literature. The most frequent extracutaneous systems involved were: musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary, which cause a large part of the associated morbidity, as well as a decrease in quality of life.

RESUMEN Introducción: La esclerosis sistémica es una enfermedad autoinmune y multisistémica, caracterizada por vasculopatía y fibrosis que afecta principalmente la piel y órganos internos; su morbilidad y mortalidad son las más altas de las enfermedades reumatológicas. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas de pacientes adultos con esclerosis sistémica en un centro de referencia en reumatología del noroccidente de Colombia, entre el 2006 y el 2016. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. La información sobre las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas se recogió de la revisión de registros médicos. Los datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS 22. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas y las cuantitativas en media y desviación estándar o mediana y rango intercuartílico, según su distribución. Resultados: Se incluyeron 44 pacientes, predominantemente mujeres (90,9%), con una edad promedio de 59 arios; la variedad más común fue la limitada (61,3%). El 100% de los sujetos presentaron el fenómeno de Raynaud y los sistemas comprometidos con mayor frecuencia fueron: cutáneo (100%), musculoesquelético (59,1%) y gastrointestinal (50%). El 95,5% de los pacientes cumplieron con los criterios diagnósticos ACR/EULAR 2013. Con respecto al perfil inmunológico, el 72,7% de los individuos tenía anticuerpos antinucleares positivos, de los cuales, un 53,1% tenía un patrón centromérico. Conclusiones: Se encontraron características sociodemográficas y clínicas similares en esta cohorte, de acuerdo a lo publicado en la literatura. Los sistemas extracutáneos más frecuentemente involucrados fueron: musculoesquelético, gastrointestinal y pulmonar, que causan una gran parte de la morbilidad asociada, así como una disminución en la calidad de vida.