Proteínas oxidadas de origen animal y su impacto sobre la salud intestinal / Oxidized proteins of animal origin and their impact on intestinal health / Proteínas oxidadas de origem animal e seu impacto na saúde intestinal

Los alimentos de origen animal como la carne de pollo, res, pescado y cerdo poseen una amplia demanda en todo el mundo debido, entre otros aspectos, a su valor nutricional, asociado al alto contenido proteico. No obstante, este tipo de proteínas son susceptibles de sufrir reacciones de oxidación, las cuales pueden mediar procesos de fragmentación, agregación, pérdida de solubilidad, funcionalidad y digestibilidad proteica; eventos implicados en la pérdida de su valor nutricional. En este sentido, las proteínas agrega­das tienden a no ser digeridas en el tracto gastrointestinal y acumularse en el intestino (colon), donde la microbiota colónica las degrada a productos mutagénicos como fenol y p-cresol, lo que incrementa el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal. Por otra parte, los ami­noácidos o péptidos oxidados liberados en la digestión podrían incorporarse en las vías de señalización celular intestinal y favorecer o exacerbar procesos intestinales crónicos como colon irritable o enfermedad de Crohn. Debido al gran interés de esta temática en los últimos años, el objetivo de esta revisión es realizar una descripción general del impacto de proteínas oxidadas de origen animal sobre la salud intestinal.

Animal foods such as chicken, beef, fish and pork are in wide demand throughout the world due, among other things, to their nutritional value, associated with their high protein content. However, this type of protein is susceptible to oxidation reactions, which can mediate processes of fragmentation, aggregation, loss of solubility, functionality, and protein digestibility, which are events involved in the loss of their nutritional value. In this sense, aggregated proteins tend not to be digested in the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate in the intestine (colon), where the colonic microbiota degrades them into mutagenic products such as phenol and p-cresol, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, the oxidized amino acids or peptides released in digestion could be incorporated into intestinal cell signaling pathways and favor or exacerbate chronic intestinal processes such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. Due to the great interest in this topic in recent years, the objective of this review is to provide a general overview of the impact of oxidized proteins of animal origin on intestinal health.

Alimentos de origem animal como frango, carne bovina, peixe e carne suína são muito procurados em todo o mundo devido, entre outros fatores, ao seu valor nutricional, associado ao seu alto teor de proteínas. No entanto, esse tipo de proteína é suscetível a reações de oxidação, que podem mediar processos de fragmentação, agregação, perda de solubilidade, funcionalidade e digestibilidade da proteína; eventos envolvidos na perda de seu valor nutritivo. Nesse sentido, as proteínas agregadas tendem a não ser digeridas no trato gastrointestinal e se acumulam no intestino (cólon), onde a microbiota colônica as degrada em produtos mutagênicos como fenol e p - cresol, aumentando o risco de câncer colorretal. Por outro lado, os aminoácidos ou peptídeos oxidados liberados na digestão poderiam ser incorporados às vias de sinalização das células intestinais e favorecer ou exacerbar processos intestinais crônicos, como a síndrome do intestino irritável ou a doença de Crohn. Devido ao grande interesse neste tema nos últimos anos, o objetivo desta revisão é fornecer uma descrição geral do impacto das proteínas oxidadas de origem animal na saúde intestinal.

[Hypersensitivity reactions associated with the use of asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. / Reacciones de hipersensibilidad asociadas al uso de asparaginasa en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda.

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) includes the use of asparaginase (ASP), a drug associated with hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) that requires discontinuing its use. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of HSR associated with ASP that require discontinuation of its use and des cribe them, and to verify if there is a relationship between HSR incidence and protocols or survival. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study. Clinical records of all patients (1-15 years) diagnosed with ALL between January 2010 and December 2015 at the Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna were reviewed. The incidence of HSR to ASP was determined and classified according to the CTCAE v5.0 severity score. We analyzed the relative risk of HSR using Fisher's test and the survival with the Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS: 110 patients were collected. During the first treatment (ALL-IC- BFM), the incidence of HSR to L-ASP was 55%, therefore it was changed to PEG-ASP as second-line treatment, and 44% of them had HSR, and ASP should discontinued in 25% of patients. Of all the HSR to ASP, 77% were anaphylactic (CTCAE 3-5). Patients treated with augmented IB protocol were at higher risk of not completing ASP treatment due to HSR, RR 3.81 (95% CI, 1.98-7.31, p = 0.0001). Patients without HSR in ALL-IC-BFM were at lower risk of relapse, HR 0.29 (95% CI, 0.14-0.62, p = 0.0013). Considering all treatments (ALL-IC-BFM and relapse), patients who completed the ASP treatment had higher overall survival, HR 0.20 (95% CI, 0.07-0.57, p = 0.0026). CONCLUSIONS: HSR to ASP that require discontinuation of treatment are frequent in children with ALL, most of them were severe anaphylactic reactions. This study suggests a better prognosis in patients without HSR to ASP.

Pyogenic granuloma after cosmetic eye whitening. / Granuloma piogénico tras blanqueamiento ocular cosmético.

CLINICAL CASE: A 46-year-old caucasian male with a history of chronic conjunctival hyperemia, presented at our clinic 5 years after he underwent the surgical procedure of cosmetic eye whitening. On examination we observed pyogenic granuloma in the right eye; besides acute nongranulomatous anterior uveitis and necrotizing scleritis in both eyes. RESULT: Complete clinical evaluation and full work-up exclusion of systemic diseases was done. The pyogenic granuloma was treated with surgical resection, as well as anterior uveitis and necrotizing scleritis were successfully treated with systemic corticoesteroids and methotrexate. CONCLUSION: The surgical cosmetic eye whitening could have as complication the pyogenic granuloma in addition to necrotizing scleritis and nongranulomatous anterior uveitis; and be present 5 years after the procedure. The surgical resection is a successful treatment for this presentation of pyogenic granuloma.

Características craneofaciales de pacientes obesos en Chile. Estudio Preliminar / Craniofacial characteristics of obese patients in Chile. Preliminary study

Resumen Introducción: La obesidad es un problema a nivel global que enfrenta el siglo XXI y Chile no se escapa de esta realidad. Así como existen características mórbidas de pacientes con obesidad, también existen características craneofaciales similares en estos pacientes. El estado nutricional es un factor que influencia el desarrollo de una persona en general, lo que tiene implicancias en el tratamiento ortodóncico, ortopédico y quirúrgico de las alteraciones maxilo - mandibulares de los pacientes. Objetivo: Investigar si la morfología craneofacial difiere entre los adolescentes obesos y los de peso normal. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, se basó en la comparación de medidas craneofaciales obtenidas del análisis cefalométrico, utilizando teleradiografías laterales, de dos grupos: grupo estudio (IMC mayor a 30, obeso) y grupo control (IMC normal). Resultados: Se observaron dimensiones maxilares y mandibulares mayores en el grupo estudio comparado con los pacientes del grupo control. Las medidas para la dimensión maxilar tuvieron diferencia significativamente estadística. Conclusiones: El aumento de peso es un factor importante que puede afectar los patrones de crecimiento craneofacial y debe ser tomado en consideración durante la planificación del tratamiento ortodoncico en pacientes adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction: Obesity is a global problem in the the 21st century and Chile does not escape this reality. Just as there are morbid characteristics of patients with obesity, there also share similar craniofacial characteristics. Nutritional status is a factor that influences the a person´s general development , which has implications in the orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical treatments of maxillo-mandibular alterations. Objective: Investigate whether craniofacial morphology differs between obese and average-weight adolescents. Methods: A retrospective study based on the comparison of craniofacial measures obtained from the cephalometric analysis, using lateral cephalograms, from two groups: study group (BMI over 30, obese) and control group (normal BMI). Greater maxillary and mandibular dimensions were observed in the study group compared to the patients in the control group. The measurements for de maxillary dimension had a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Weight gain is an important factor that can affect craniofacial growth patterns and should be taken into consideration during the planning of orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients.

Impacto de la tuberculosis en el hospital de Puerto Montt / Impact of tuberculosis in Puerto Montt hospital, Chile

Resumen Objetivo: Dimensionar la demanda de atención y/u hospitalización de la tuberculosis (TBC) en el Hospital de Puerto Montt (HPM). Método: Revisión retrospectiva de los registros de TBC del Servicio de Salud del Reloncaví (SSDR) y del HPM entre los años 2011 y 2015. Se incluyeron todos los casos de TBC activa vistos en forma ambulatoria u hospitalizada en el HPM. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron en el SSDR 298 casos de TBC, y de ellos un 64% (192/298) fue pesquisado en el HPM. Se presentan datos socioeconómicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos, de laboratorio y forma de diagnóstico de 180 casos, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión: varones 62%, edad media 44 ± 19 años. El 72% correspondieron al estrato social de menores ingresos, 4% indigentes, solo 14% poseía enseñanza media completa, 11% analfabetos, ruralidad 19%. Las principales co-morbilidades fueron alcoholismo (17%), VIH (12%), Diabetes (10%). En aquellos con TBC pulmonar o pleural (128) el tiempo con síntomas con frecuencia era prolongado (15% > 90 días) y la radiología mostraba enfermedad avanzada: infiltrados bilaterales 73%, compromiso > 3 lóbulos 55%, una o más cavitaciones 34%. Se hospitalizó el 71% (126/180), 50% por necesidad de estudio, 48%por gravedad. El 8% necesitó Unidad de Paciente Crítico (UPC). Fallecieron 24 pacientes (13%). Se asoció significativamente a mortalidad el analfabetismo y necesidad de UPC. Conclusiones: En el SSDR la TBC es un problema sanitario que afecta principalmente a poblaciones más pobres y vulnerables.

Backgroud: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a problem that impacts on hospitals of high complexity. Aim: To assess demand for care and/or hospitalization because of TB in Puerto Montt Hospital (PMH), located in the southern of Chile. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of all Reloncaví Health Service (RHS) and PMH clinical records, between 2011 and 2015. We include all ambulatory or hospitalized cases of active TB registered in PMH during the period of the study. Results: In RHS there were 298 cases of TB and 64% of them (192/298) was detected in HPM. We present social, economic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory studies, and specific type of diagnosis of 180 cases that met inclusion criteria: men 62%, mean age 45 ± 19 years-old. The population with lower income was 72%, 4% homeless, 14% with complete high school, 11% illiterate and 19% lived at country side. Main co-morbidities were alcoholism 17%, HIV 12%, Diabetes Mellitus 10%. In the specific group of lung/pleural TB (128 cases) the time with symptoms was often prolonged (15% > 90 days) and imagen studies showed advanced pathology: bilateral infiltrates 73%>, affecting three or more lobes 55%, cavitations 34%. 71% (126/180) were hospitalized, because of necessity of more study (50%) or severity (48%), 8% required to enter to the Critical Care Unit (CCU). Twenty-four patients died (13%). Illiteracy and the need for CCU were associated with mortality. Conclusions: In RHS TB is a sanitary problem that affects principally the most poor and vulnerable populations.

Characterization of Surgical Procedures in the Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry (REGESMOHS) for 2013-2015. / Descripción de las intervenciones quirúrgicas recogidas en el registro español de cirugía de Mohs (REGESMOHS) (2013-2015).

INTRODUCTION: The Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry is used to collect data on the use and outcomes of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in Spain. The aim of this study was to describe perioperative and intraoperative data recorded for MMS procedures performed between July 2013 (when the registry started) and January 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study of data from 18 hospitals. The data collected included type of anesthesia, surgical technique, hospital admission, number of Mohs stages, management of preoperative risk factors, additional treatments, previous treatments, type of tumor, operating time, and complications. RESULTS: Data were available for 1796 operations. The most common tumor treated by MMS was basal cell carcinoma (85.96%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6.18%), lentigo maligna (2.81%), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1.97%). Primary tumors accounted for 66.9% of all tumors operated on; 19.2% of tumors were recurrent and 13.9% were persistent. The most common previous treatment was surgical. MMS was mostly performed under local anesthesia (86.7% of cases) and as an outpatient procedure (71.8%). The frozen section technique was used in 89.5% of cases. One stage was needed to achieve tumor-free margins in 56.45% of patients; 2 stages were required in 32.1% of patients, 3 in 7.1%%, 4 in 2.7%, and 5 or more in 1.8%. The defect was reconstructed by the dermatologist in 98% of patients and the most common technique was flap closure (47.2%). Intraoperative complications were recorded for just 1.62% of patients and the median (interquartile range) duration of surgery was 75 (60-100) minutes. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the patients and tumors treated by MMS are similar to those reported for similar studies in other geographic areas. Lentigo maligna and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans accounted for a higher proportion of cases in our series, and repair of the surgical defect by a dermatologist was also more common. Operating times in MMS are not much longer than those reported for other procedures and the rate of intraoperative complications is very low.

Chemically induced hypoxia promotes differential outcomes over preadipocyte- or adipocyte-macrophage communication.

Expansion of white adipose tissue induce insufficient vascularization, driving hypoxia and low-grade inflammation. Resident preadipocytes are thought to be involved. We evaluated the effects of hypoxia over preadipocytes and adipocytes, to determine which cellular type impacts the most over macrophages activation. 3T3-L1 cells were either differentiated, or maintained undifferentiated. Each group was subjected to the presence or absence of chemical hypoxia (200 µM CoCl2) for 24 h. Conditioned media were used as treatment for murine RAW264.7 macrophages for 24 h. Gene expression of HIF-1α and TNF-α, and the release of several markers were assessed. It was observed that culture media from hypoxic preadipocytes induced greater expression of inflammatory markers and NO release than culture media from hypoxic adipocytes, by macrophages. Gene expression correlated closer with inflammatory markers release specially on macrophages treated with conditioned media from preadipocytes. Hence, the present work highlights the importance of preadipocytes on inflammatory conditions in vitro.

Brown tumour in phalanx of the ring finger due to chronic kidney failure. A case report. / Tumor pardo en falange del dedo anular por insuficiencia renal crónica. Reporte de un caso.

Brown tumours are highly vascular lytic bone lesions found in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The brown term is given due to the red-brown colour of the tissue, which is due to the accumulation of hemosiderin. The case is presented of a 29 year-old male with chronic renal failure, who had a mass in the tip of the ring finger after a trauma of 4 months onset, which had increased progressively in size and pain. He was treated surgically, by amputation, with no recurrence 10 months after the surgery.

Características craneofaciales de pacientes obesos en Chile. Estudio Preliminar

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema a nivel global que enfrenta el siglo XXI y Chile no se escapa de esta realidad. Así como existen características mórbidas de pacientes con obesidad, también existen características craneofaciales similares en estos pacientes. El estado nutricional es un factor que influencia el desarrollo de una persona en general, lo que tiene implicancias en el tratamiento ortodóncico, ortopédico y quirúrgico de las alteraciones maxilo - mandibulares de los pacientes. Objetivo: Investigar si la morfología craneofacial difiere entre los adolescentes obesos y los de peso normal. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, se basó en la comparación de medidas craneofaciales obtenidas del análisis cefalométrico, utilizando teleradiografías laterales, de dos grupos: grupo estudio (IMC mayor a 30, obeso) y grupo control (IMC normal). Resultados: Se observaron dimensiones maxilares y mandibulares mayores en el grupo estudio comparado con los pacientes del grupo control. Las medidas para la dimensión maxilar tuvieron diferencia significativamente estadística. Conclusiones: El aumento de peso es un factor importante que puede afectar los patrones de crecimiento craneofacial y debe ser tomado en consideración durante la planificación del tratamiento ortodoncico en pacientes adolescentes.

Introduction: Obesity is a global problem in the the 21st century and Chile does not escape this reality. Just as there are morbid characteristics of patients with obesity, there also share similar craniofacial characteristics. Nutritional status is a factor that influences the a person´s general development , which has implications in the orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical treatments of maxillo-mandibular alterations. Objective: Investigate whether craniofacial morphology differs between obese and average-weight adolescents. Methods: A retrospective study based on the comparison of craniofacial measures obtained from the cephalometric analysis, using lateral cephalograms, from two groups: study group (BMI over 30, obese) and control group (normal BMI). Greater maxillary and mandibular dimensions were observed in the study group compared to the patients in the control group. The measurements for de maxillary dimension had a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Weight gain is an important factor that can affect craniofacial growth patterns and should be taken into consideration during the planning of orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients.

Risk allelic load in Th2 and Th3 cytokines genes as biomarker of susceptibility to HPV-16 positive cervical cancer: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Alterations in the host cellular immune response allow persistent infections with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and development of premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer (CC). Variations of immunosuppressive cytokine levels in cervix are associated with the natural history of CC. To assess the potential role of genetic host immunity and cytokines serum levels in the risk of developing CC, we conducted a case-control study paired by age. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from patients with CC (n = 200) and hospital controls (n = 200), were used to evaluate nine biallelic SNPs of six cytokine genes of the adaptive immune system by allelic discrimination and cytokines serum levels by ELISA. RESULTS: After analyzing the SNP association by multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age, CC history and smoking history, three Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) and one Th3 (TGFB1) cytokine were significantly associated with CC. Individuals with at least one copy of the following risk alleles: T of SNP (-590C > T IL-4), C of SNP (-573G > C IL-6), A of SNP (-592C > A IL-10), T of SNP (-819C > T IL-10) and T of SNP (-509C > T TGFB1), had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.08 (95 % CI 1.475-2.934, p = 0.0001), an OR of 1.70 (95 % CI 1.208-2.404, p = 0.002), an OR of 1.87 (95 % CI 1.332-2.630, p = 0.0001), an OR of 1.67 (95 % CI 1.192-2.353, p = 0.003) and an OR of 1.91 (95 % CI 1.354-2.701, p = 0.0001), respectively, for CC. The burden of carrying two or more of these risk alleles was found to have an additive effect on the risk of CC (p trend = 0.0001). Finally, the serum levels of Th2 and Th3 cytokines were higher in CC cases than the controls; whereas IFNG levels, a Th1 cytokine, were higher in controls than CC cases. CONCLUSION: The significant associations of five SNPs with CC indicate that these polymorphisms are potential candidates for predicting the risk of development of CC, representing a risk allelic load for CC and can be used as a biomarker of susceptibility to this disease.

Características de las interacciones farmacológicas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de pediatría / Characteristics of drug interactions in a pediatric intensive care unit

Introduction: The aim of this study is to calculate the theoretical frequency of potential drug interactions (PDI) and their characteristics in the therapeutic plan of hospitalized patients in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Patients and Methods: An observational study was conducted which analyzed PICU prescriptions between September and November 2011. The inclusion criteria included to be hospitalized in a PICU, requirements of at least 3 drugs, except those topically applied, either gender, no age limit, no hospital stay required. The Micromedex ® 2.0 program was used to detect and classify PDI. Results: Of 223 patients, 100 met inclusion criteria, 610 prescriptions were analyzed and 815 drugs were prescribed. 1,240 PDI were detected in 44 patients; 12 patients received more than 10 drugs each, presenting 1,162 PDI (93.7% of total PDI). 8 patients were hospitalized for more than 10 days, presenting 1,035 PDI (83.5% of total PDI). According to PDI theoretical severity, 37.5% were high, 51.7% moderate, 6.7% low and 4.1% contraindicated. The therapeutic group most involved was antimicrobials (17.6%) and the most frequently involved individual drugs were chloral hydrate (15.9%), midazolam (14.1%) and vecuronium (13.4%). Conclusion: PDI were more frequent in patients associated with major polypharmacy and longer hospital stay.

Introducción: El objetivo de éste estudio fue medir la frecuencia teórica de interacciones farmacológicas probables (IF) y sus características en los esquemas terapéuticos de los pacientes hospitalizados una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP). Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional que analizó las prescripciones médicas en UCIP entre septiembre y noviembre del año 2011. Criterios de inclusión fueron estar hospitalizados en la UCIP, tener prescripciones que incluyan a lo menos 3 medicamentos, excepto aquellos de aplicación tópica, ambos sexos, sin límite de edad, ni estadía hospitalaria. Se utilizó el programa Micromedex 2.0® para la detección y clasificación de las IF. Resultados: De 223 pacientes, 100 cumplieron criterio de inclusión, en quienes se analizaron 610 prescripciones médicas, donde se indicaron 815 fármacos. Se detectaron 1.240 IF en 44 pacientes. Doce pacientes recibieron más de 10 fármacos cada uno, registrándose en ellos 1.162 IF (93,7% de las IF). Ocho pacientes estuvieron más de 10 días hospitalizados, concentrando 1.035 IF (83,5% de las IF). Según severidad teórica de las IF, se encontró 37,5% mayores, 51,7% moderadas, 6,7% menores y 4,1% contraindicadas. El grupo terapéutico más implicado fueron los antimicrobianos (17,6%) y los fármacos individuales más frecuentemente involucrados fueron hidrato de cloral (15,9%), midazolam (14,1%) y vecuronio (13,4%). Conclusión: Las IF fueron más frecuentes en pacientes con mayor polifarmacia y estadía más prolongada.

Pancreatic and thyroid metastases detected with 18F-FDG PET/CT in patient with colorectal cancer.

A 53-year-old woman with diagnosis of colorectal cancer, who received surgical treatment and chemotherapy. After 5-years of complete remission, she showed an atypical oncological evolution. The utility of (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan has been fundamental to detect suspected and unsuspected recurrence and to monitor response to treatment.

Molecular Mechanism and Potential Targets for Blocking HPV-Induced Lesion Development.

Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is the etiologic agent associated with the development of cervical cancer (CC) development. However, environmental, social, epidemiological, genetic, and host factors may have a joint influence on the risk of disease progression. Cervical lesions caused by HPV infection can be removed naturally by the host immune response and only a small percentage may progress to cancer; thus, the immune response is essential for the control of precursor lesions and CC. We present a review of recent research on the molecular mechanisms that allow HPV-infected cells to evade immune surveillance and potential targets of molecular therapy to inhibit tumor immune escape.

Gran quemado experiencia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediatricos: evolución de la morbimortalidad / Great burned pediatric patient: experience in a pediatric intensive care unit

Introducción: En 1974 Garcés y Artigas, publican un score de índice de gravedad (IG) predictivo de evolución y mortalidad. Este índice, modificado por edad, es recomendado en las guías clínicas del Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Objetivos: Relacionar la mortalidad esperada y real según IG e identificar factores asociados entre IG elevado y mayor gravedad o evolución. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de fichas clínicas de pacientes quemados ingresados a la Unidad de Paciente Crítico (UPC) del Hospital Roberto del Río entre julio de 2005 a noviembre de 2007. Resultados: En el período estudiado egresaron 1.161 pacientes, 30 eran quemados, 22 (73 por ciento) tenían IG sobre 70. El porcentaje de superficie corporal total quemada (SQC) promedio fue 32 (14-75). El IG osciló entre 71 y 205. Un total de 13 pacientes presentaron IG 70-100, 8 entre 101 y 150, 1 (4,5 por ciento) paciente ingresó con IG >150. Los pacientes con IG 100-150 presentaron más complicaciones y mayor estadía en UPC, que aquellos pacientes con IG <100 (p<0,02). Letalidad global fue de 4,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: El IG en pacientes críticos (IG 101-150) sobrestimó la mortalidad real en esta serie (p <0,05), aunque el número de casos es pequeño. La mayor gravedad según IG se asoció a estadías más prolongadas y mayor incidencia de complicaciones.

Introduction: In 1974, Garcés and Artigas published a severity index (SI), predictor of mortality trends. This index, modified by age, is recommended till now by the clinical guidelines of the Chilean Ministry of Health. Objectives: Link the real and expected mortality based on the calculated SI score in great burned pediatric patients. Identify a relation between higher SI score and outcome. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of burned patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU) Roberto del Río Hospital between July 2005 to November2007. Results: Among 1161 PICU admissions, 30 were burned patients. The ranged total burned surface area (TBSA) was 14 to 75. 22 (73 percent) had a SI above 70. The SI averaged 115 (71-205), 13 (59 percent) between 70 and 100, 8 (36.3 percent) between 101 and 150, 1 (4.5 percent) patient was admitted with SI > 150. Patients with SI between100-150 had a higher incidence of complications and length of stay in the PICU, compared with patients with SI less than100. One patient died. Conclusions: The SI in patients categorized as critical (SI 101-150) overestimated the real mortality in this series (p <0.05), although the number of cases is small. SI associated severity was related to a higher incidence of complications and longer PICU stay.

Compromiso miocárdico en infección grave por virus influenza H1N1 / Myocardial involvement in severe H1N1 influenza infection

Introduction: During the winter of 2009, some patients infected with Influenza virus H1N1 presented a severe disease. Some isolated reports of myocarditis were described. Objective: To describe severe cases of H1N1 with myocardial involvement. Patients and Methods: Chart review of children between 0-15 y.o. diagnosed as presenting Influenza A H1N1 through Polimerase Chain Reaction, who were admitted to the PICU at Hospital Roberto del Río and Clínica Dávila between June and July of 2009. Myocardial involvement was considered positive if the clinical picture showed such signs, and/or there was an altered echocardiogram. Results: Twenty one patients were hospitalized with the diagnosis of severe Infection by Influenza A H1N1 (+), of which 8 patients (38 percent) presented myocardial involvement. All required mechanical ventilation. Echocardiogram performed in the first 24 hours post admission showed shortening of the left ventricle on average 21,8 percent, with a range of 19 to 38 percent. In 7 patients (87.5 percent) a systodyastolic dysfunction was shown. Myocardial involvement lasted from 2 to 10 days (median 4). One patient died. Conclusions: Involvement of myocardium is frequent in this series. It must be sought to treat it adequately.

Introducción: Durante el invierno 2009 algunos paciente con infección por virus Influenza A H1N1, evolucionaron en forma grave. Se han descrito reportes aislados de miocarditis secundaria a Influenza A H1N1. Objetivo: Descripción de los casos graves de H1N1 que presentaron compromiso miocárdico. Material y Métodos: Revisión de los casos diagnosticados como Influenza A H1N1 por Reacción Polimerasa en Cadena, en niños entre 0-15 años, hospitalizados en la Unidad de Paciente Crítico del Hospital Roberto del Río y de Clínica Dávila, durante el período Junio - Julio del 2009. Se consideró criterio de compromiso miocárdico el cuadro clínico y/o una ecocardiografía alterada. Resultados: : 21 pacientes fueron hospitalizados con diagnóstico de infección grave por Influenza A H1N1 (+), de éstos 8 pacientes ( 38 por ciento) presentaron compromiso miocárdico. Todos requirieron ventilación mecánica. La ecocardiografia en las primeras 24 horas postingreso, evidenció una fracción de acortamiento del ventrículo izquierdo promedio de 21,8 por ciento, con un rango de 19 a 38 por ciento. En 7 pacientes (87.5 por ciento) se constató una disfunción sistodiastólica. La duración promedio del compromiso miocárdico osciló entre 2 a 10 días ( mediana 4).Hubo 1 fallecido en esta serie. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de compromiso miocárdico en esta serie es importante, debiendo buscarse dirigidamente para adecuar plan terapéutico.