Predicting the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Brazil: a modeling study.

Aims: We adopted a modeling approach to predict the likely future prevalence of type 2 diabetes, taking into account demographic changes and trends in obesity and smoking in Brazil. We then used the model to estimate the likely future impact of different policy scenarios, such as policies to reduce obesity. Methods: The IMPACT TYPE 2 DIABETES model uses a Markov approach to integrate population, obesity, and smoking trends to estimate future type 2 diabetes prevalence. We developed a model for the Brazilian population from 2006 to 2036. Data on the Brazilian population in relation to sex and age were collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and data on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and smoking were collected from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). Results: The observed prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Brazilians aged over 25 years was 10.8% (5.2-14.3%) in 2006, increasing to 13.7% (6.9-18.4%) in 2020. Between 2006 and 2020, the observed prevalence in men increased from 11.0 to 19.1% and women from 10.6 to 21.3%. The model forecasts a dramatic rise in prevalence by 2036 (27.0% overall, 17.1% in men and 35.9% in women). However, if obesity prevalence declines by 1% per year from 2020 to 2036 (Scenario 1), the prevalence of diabetes decreases from 26.3 to 23.7, which represents approximately a 10.0% drop in 16 years. If obesity declined by 5% per year in 16 years as an optimistic target (Scenario 2), the prevalence of diabetes decreased from 26.3 to 21.2, representing a 19.4% drop in diabetes prevalence. Conclusion: The model predicts an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Brazil. Even with ambitious targets to reduce obesity prevalence, type 2 diabetes in Brazil will continue to have a large impact on Brazilian public health.

Effect of Ferulago lutea (Poir.) Grande Essential Oil on Molecular Hallmarks of Skin Aging.

With the increase in global life expectancy, maintaining health into old age becomes a challenge, and research has thus concentrated on various strategies which aimed to mitigate the effects of skin aging. Aromatic plants stand out as promising sources of anti-aging compounds due to their secondary metabolites, particularly essential oils (EOs). The aim of this study was to ascribe to Ferulago lutea EO several biological activities that could be useful in the context of skin aging. The EO was obtained using hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The effect on cell migration was disclosed using scratch wound assay. Lipogenesis was induced using T0901317, hyperpigmentation with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX) and senescence with etoposide. Our results show that the EO was characterized mainly by α-pinene and limonene. The EO was able to decrease nitric oxide (NO) release as well as iNOS and pro-IL-1ß protein levels. The EO promoted wound healing while decreasing lipogenesis and having depigmenting effects. The EO also reduced senescence-associated ß-galactosidase, p21/p53 protein levels and the nuclear accumulation of γH2AX. Overall, our study highlights the properties of F. lutea EO that make it a compelling candidate for dermocosmetics applications.

Experiências de enfermeiros no cuidado à pessoa idosa na Rede de Atenção à Saúde em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de enfermeiros no cuidado à pessoa idosa na rede de atenção à saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Norte no período de pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: relato de experiência, desenvolvido em maio de 2020 por um grupo de seis enfermeiros atuantes em todos os níveis de complexidade, no setor público e privado. Resultados: as experiências vivenciadas foram descritas de acordo com o nível de atenção dos serviços de saúde, e suas apresentações se deram em eixos temáticos segundo o local de vivência de cada autor. Salienta-se que as experiências abarcam os cenários da Atenção Primária à Saúde, a Atenção hospitalar na atenção secundária e terciária, além do contexto do serviço particular e público-ensino. Discussões: a atuação do enfermeiro passou por adaptações devido à pandemia, incluindo novos fluxos de atendimento e rotinas que favoreçam a prevenção da transmissão desta doença. Na atenção primária, os profissionais têm oferecido atividades de estimulação cognitiva e física para os idosos domiciliados, com acompanhamento por telefone para evitar busca dispensável dos serviços de saúde. Na atenção hospitalar, a experiência de cuidar de pessoas idosas com COVID-19 revelou que, além de cuidados específicos com a doença, esses pacientes têm requerido maior atenção aos aspectos psicossociais, pois idosos com diagnóstico confirmado precisam permanecer sem acompanhante. Considerações finais: percebemos que nossa formação propicia condições de analisar de forma sensível às situações vividas pelos pacientes idosos que, neste momento de pandemia, demandam cuidados de enfermagem complexos e suporte biopsicossocial e espiritual, dada a gravidade da doença e a necessidade de isolamento destes pacientes.

Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-ß (Aß) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.

FGF23 levels as a marker of physical performance and falls in community-dwelling very old individuals

ABSTRACT Objective: The fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been related to biological aging, but data in elderly individuals are scant. We determined the profile of serum FGF23 levels in a population of very-old individuals and studied their correlations with parameters of bone metabolism and health markers, as functional performance. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 182 community dwellers aged ≥ 80 years. Serum levels of FGF23, PTH, calcium, albumin, phosphorus, creatinine, bone markers, and bone mineral density data were analyzed. Physical performance was evaluated with the stationary march (Step), Flamingo, and functional reach tests, along with questionnaires to assess falls and fractures in the previous year, energy expenditure (MET), and the Charlson index (CI). Physical activity was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: Most participants (75%) had FGF23 levels between 30-120 RU/mL (range: 6.0-3,170.0 RU/mL). FGF23 levels correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; r = -0.335; p = 0.001) and PTH (r = 0.318; p < 0.0001). Individuals with FGF23 in the highest tertile had more falls in the previous year (p = 0.032), worse performance in the Flamingo (p = 0.009) and Step (p < 0.001) tests, worse CI (p = 0.009) and a trend toward sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.056). On multiple regression, FGF23 tertiles remained significant, independently of eGFR, for falls in the previous year, performance in the Flamingo and stationary march tests, lean mass index, and IPAQ classification. Conclusion: In a population of very elderly individuals, FGF23 levels were inversely associated with neuromuscular and functional performances. Higher concentrations were related to more falls, lower muscle strength and aerobic capacity, and poorer balance, regardless of renal function, suggesting a potentially deleterious role of high FGF23 concentrations in musculoskeletal health.

Biocontamination and diversity of epilithic bacteria and fungi colonising outdoor stone and mortar sculptures.

Microbial communities colonising outdoor sculptures form intricate and dynamic ecosystems, which can accelerate the deterioration processes of the artworks and pose challenges to their conservation. In this study, the bacterial and fungal communities colonising the surfaces of five contemporary outdoor sculptures were characterised by high-throughput sequencing. The sculptures, made of marble, granite, Ançã limestone and mortar, are in urban parks and squares in the district of Porto, Portugal. The analysis of the microbial populations revealed great taxonomic diversity and species richness, including in well-preserved sculptures showing few visible traces of contamination. Proteobacteria, namely the genera Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas, were the core taxa common to all the sculptures, while Massilia and Aureobasidium were dominant only in granite. An abundance of pigment-producing microorganisms, such as Deinococcus, Methylobacterium, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces, was also found in granite. These are relevant taxonomic groups that can negatively impact stone and mortar artworks. The study was complemented with colourimetric analyses and bioluminescence assays to measure the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of samples collected from specific contaminated areas of the sculptures. The characterisation of the microbiomes of sculptures can provide further knowledge on the deterioration risks of this type of artwork in the region and help outline future targeted conservation strategies. KEY POINTS: • Rich and abundant microbiomes expose sculptures' vulnerability to deterioration. • Well-preserved sculptures are at risk of deterioration by pigment-producing taxa. • ATP and colourimetry quickly identified the most relevant contaminated areas.

Molecularly imprinted polymer as a synthetic antibody for the biorecognition of hazelnut Cor a 14-allergen.

Artificial receptors that mimic their natural biological counterparts have several advantages, such as lower production costs and increased shelf-life stability/versatility, while overcoming the ethical issues related to raising antibodies in animals. In this work, the proposed tailor-made molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-allergen receptors aimed at substituting or even transcending the performance of biological antibodies. For this purpose, a MIP was proposed as an artificial antibody for the recognition of hazelnut Cor a 14-allergen. The target protein was grafted onto the conducting polypyrrole receptor film using gold screen-printed electrodes (Au-SPE). The electrochemical assessment presented a linear response for the dynamic range of 100 fg mL-1-1 µg mL-1 and a LOD of 24.5 fg mL-1, as determined by square wave voltammetry from the calibration curves prepared with standards diluted in phosphate buffer. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used as a secondary transducer to evaluate the performance of the Cor a 14-MIP sensor, enabling a linear dynamic range of 100 fg mL-1- 0.1 µg mL-1 and a LOD of 18.1 fg mL-1. The selectivity of the tailored-made Cor a 14-MIP was tested against potentially cross-reactive plant/animal species based on the rebinding affinity (Freundlich isotherm-KF) of homologues/similar proteins, being further compared with custom-made polyclonal anti-Cor a 14 IgG immunosensor. Results evidenced that the MIP mimics the biorecognition of biological antibodies, presenting higher selectivity (only minor cross-reactivity towards walnut and Brazil nut 2S albumins) than the Cor a 14/anti-Cor a 14 IgG immunosensor. The application of electrochemical Cor a 14-MIP sensor to model mixtures of hazelnut in pasta enabled quantifying hazelnut down to 1 mg kg-1 (corresponding to 0.16 mg kg-1 of hazelnut protein in the matrix). To the best of our knowledge, Cor a 14-MIP is the first sensor based on an artificial/synthetic biorecognition platform for the specific detection of hazelnut allergens, while presenting high-performance parameters with demonstrated application in food safety management.

Association between fibroblast growth factor 23 and functional capacity among independent elderly individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of between serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and the functional capacity among independent individuals, aged 80 or older. METHODS: The functional capacity of 144 elderly was assessed by Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, cognitive tests, handgrip strength and the timed ability to rise from a chair and sit down five times. Fibroblast growth factor 23 was measured using an ELISA assay. RESULTS: Participants in the lowest fibroblast growth factor 23 tertile had the highest mean±standard deviation estimated glomerular filtration rate, the highest mean hemoglobin level, the lowest average number of diseases and the lowest number of medications used. In participants with the estimated glomerular filtration rate >45mL/minute/1.73m2, mean fibroblast growth factor 23 level was higher in those with 25(OH) vitamin D <20ng/mL than in those with 25(OH) vitamin D ≥20ng/mL (75.6RU/mL±42.8 versus 68.5RU/mL±41.7; p<0.001). There was an increase in the mean serum cystatin C (from 1.3mg/mL±0.3 to 1.5mg/mL±0.3 to 1.7mg/mL±0.4) as function of higher fibroblast growth factor 23 tertile (p<0.001). Fibroblast growth factor 23 levels were not significantly associated with capacity in physical or cognitive tests. CONCLUSION: In independent community-dwelling elderly, aged ≥80 years, fibroblast growth factor 23 was associated with aged-related comorbidities and renal function but not with functional capacity.

Chemical characterization and bioactive potential of Artemisia campestris L. subsp. maritima (DC) Arcang. essential oil and hydrodistillation residual water.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Artemisia campestris L. is widely used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. A. campestris subsp. maritima Arcang., a halophyte plant ("madorneira" or "erva-lombrigueira" in Portugal), is traditionally used for gastric disorders, rheumatism and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aims to characterize the essential oil (EO) and the hydrodistillation residual water (HRW), a by-product of the EO production, of Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima from Portugal and evaluate the antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of both extracts at concentrations without toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phenolic profile of HRW was determined by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn and the EO was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID and GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of both extracts were determined by several assays (ABTS, NO FRAP, ß-carotene and DPPH). The antifungal activity (MIC and MLC) was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophytes and Aspergillus strains using broth macrodilution methods. The anti-inflammatory potential was determined measuring the nitric oxide (NO) production by stimulated mouse leukemic macrophages (RAW 264.7). Cell viability was evaluated for RAW 264.7 and mouse fibroblasts (NIH/3T3). The wound healing activity was evaluated in mouse fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) by the scratch assay. RESULTS: The HRW is mainly characterized by hydroxycinnamic acids and the essential oil is characterized by high amounts of ß-pinene (54.5%), cadin-4-en-7-ol (9.5%), Z-ß-ocimene (6.0%) and Ƴ-terpinene (4.6%). Both extracts showed high antioxidant potential in different assays. Additionally, only the hydrodistillation residual water showed anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 of 330 µg/mL). On the other hand, only the EO showed antifungal activity, particularly against Epidermophyton floccosum (MIC and MLC values of 0.16 µL/mL), and wound healing activity. Bothe extracts were not cytotoxic to macrophages CONCLUSIONS: The by-product HRW contains safe bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and the EO shows antioxidant properties, antifungal activity against dermatophytes and wound healing effect in skin cells. Overall, our results support the interest and economic value of two extracts obtained from a Portuguese native species and provide scientific validation to some of its traditional uses.

Teaching Methodology, Stress and Study and Learning Strategies: Interrelationships among University Students / Metodologia de Ensino, Estresse e Estratégias de Estudo e Aprendizagem: Interrelações em Estudantes Universitários / Metodología de la Enseñanza, Estrés y Estrategias de Estudio y Aprendizaje: Interrelaciones entre Estudiantes Universitarios

Abstract Higher education can be offered by traditional or active teaching methodology, which can influence differently the study and learning strategies and the stress level of university students. This study aimed to investigate the study and learning strategies and the prevalence of stress among students of active and traditional teaching methodology and verify the influence of stress on using these strategies. 210 students in speech, language and hearing sciences from a Brazilian Federal University participated, divided into two groups, TMG (traditional methodology) and AMG (active methodology). They responded to Learning And Study Strategies Inventory and Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory for Adults. The teaching methodology influenced the study and learning strategies, but not the stress. Stress interfered differently in the study and learning strategies depending on the teaching methodology.

Resumo O ensino superior pode ser oferecido por metodologia de ensino tradicional ou ativa, que podem influenciar de formas diferentes as estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem e o nível de estresse dos universitários. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem e a prevalência de estresse entre estudantes de metodologia ativa e tradicional de ensino e verificar a influência do estresse no uso dessas estratégias. 210 estudantes de Fonoaudiologia de uma Universidade Federal brasileira, divididos em dois grupos, TMG (metodologia tradicional) e AMG (metodologia ativa), responderam o Learning And Study Strategies Inventory e o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp. A metodologia de ensino influenciou nas estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem, mas não no estresse. O estresse interferiu de forma diferente nas estratégias de estudo e aprendizagem a depender da metodologia de ensino.

Resumen La educación superior puede ofrecerse mediante una metodología de enseñanza tradicional o activa, que puede influir de manera distinta en las estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje y en el nivel de estrés de los estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje, la prevalencia de estrés entre los estudiantes de metodología de enseñanza activa y tradicional, así como la influencia del estrés en el uso de estas estrategias. Participaron 210 estudiantes de fonoaudiología de una Universidad Federal de Brasil, divididos en dos grupos: TMG (metodología tradicional) y AMG (metodología activa), quienes respondieron al Inventario de Estrategias de Estudio y Aprendizaje y al Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés para Adultos de Lipp. La metodología de enseñanza influyó en las estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje, pero no en el estrés. El estrés interfirió de manera diferente en las estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje según la metodología de enseñanza.

Estresse discente em um curso de Fonoaudiologia / Student stress in a speech, language and hearing sciences undergraduate course

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a prevalência de estresse e os fatores associados à sua presença em discentes de um curso de Fonoaudiologia. Métodos participaram 105 discentes, maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados no curso de Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade federal. Foram excluídos os discentes que não estavam com a matrícula ativa durante o período da pesquisa. Todos responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao Inventário de Sintomatologia de Stress de Lippi, que identifica os sintomas de estresse, bem como a sua respectiva fase e os sintomas predominantes. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico, sendo estipulado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados dentre os participantes, 77,1% apresentaram resultados sugestivos de estresse, sendo que, destes, 77,7% estavam na fase de "resistência", 18,5% na fase de "quase exaustão"; 2,5% na fase de "alerta"; e 1,2% na fase de "exaustão". Quanto à sintomatologia 64,2% apresentaram predominância de sintomas psicológicos, 18,5%, físicos e 17,3%, físicos e psicológicos. A análise estatística mostrou a presença significativamente superior de estresse entre as mulheres e entre os que não trabalhavam e a relação do estresse com o ano de estudo. Conclusão um elevado número de discentes de Fonoaudiologia foi identificado com estresse, sendo a fase de "resistência" a mais frequente, com prevalência de sintomas psicológicos. Os fatores associados ao estresse foram sexo, com maior prejuízo entre as mulheres, o fato de não exercerem atividade remunerada e o ano do curso em que estavam matriculados, sendo que no primeiro ano foi observada menor prevalência de estresse e no último ano, maior.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the prevalence and factors associated with the presence of stress in students of a Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences course. Methods 105 students participated, over 18 years old, of both sexes, enrolled in the Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences course at a Federal University. Students who were not active during participation in the research were excluded. All respond to a sociodemographic questionnaire and Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory, which identifies the symptoms of stress, as well as their s—pecific phase and the predominant symptoms. The data received statistical treatment being stipulated the significance level of 5%. Results 77.1% showed results suggestive of stress, of which 77.7% were in the "resistance" phase, 18.5% in the "almost exhaustion"; 2.5% in the "alarm"; and 1.2% in the "exhaustion". As for the symptomatology, 64.2% had a predominance of psychological symptoms, 18.5% physical, and 17.3% physical and psychological. The statistical analysis showed a significantly higher presence of stress among women and among those who do not work, and a relationship between stress and the study year. Conclusion A high number of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences students with stress, was identified, with the "resistance" phase as the most frequent and the prevalence of psychological symptoms. The factors associated with stress were gender, which presented greater damages among women, the fact that students do not engage in paid work, and the year of the course they were enrolled. The first year had the lowest prevalence of stress, while the last year had the highest result.

Association between fibroblast growth factor 23 and functional capacity among independent elderly individuals / Associação entre fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 e capacidade funcional em idosos independentes

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the association of between serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and the functional capacity among independent individuals, aged 80 or older. Methods The functional capacity of 144 elderly was assessed by Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, cognitive tests, handgrip strength and the timed ability to rise from a chair and sit down five times. Fibroblast growth factor 23 was measured using an ELISA assay. Results Participants in the lowest fibroblast growth factor 23 tertile had the highest mean±standard deviation estimated glomerular filtration rate, the highest mean hemoglobin level, the lowest average number of diseases and the lowest number of medications used. In participants with the estimated glomerular filtration rate >45mL/minute/1.73m2, mean fibroblast growth factor 23 level was higher in those with 25(OH) vitamin D <20ng/mL than in those with 25(OH) vitamin D ≥20ng/mL (75.6RU/mL±42.8 versus 68.5RU/mL±41.7; p<0.001). There was an increase in the mean serum cystatin C (from 1.3mg/mL±0.3 to 1.5mg/mL±0.3 to 1.7mg/mL±0.4) as function of higher fibroblast growth factor 23 tertile (p<0.001). Fibroblast growth factor 23 levels were not significantly associated with capacity in physical or cognitive tests. Conclusion In independent community-dwelling elderly, aged ≥80 years, fibroblast growth factor 23 was associated with aged-related comorbidities and renal function but not with functional capacity.

RESUMO Objetivo Examinar a associação entre o fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 sérico e a capacidade funcional em indivíduos independentes, com 80 anos ou mais. Métodos A capacidade funcional de 144 idosos foi avaliada por meio de Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária, testes cognitivos, força de preensão manual e capacidade de levantar de uma cadeira e sentar cinco vezes. O fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 foi medido pelo teste ELISA. Resultados Os participantes no tercil mais baixo de fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 tiveram a maior média±desvio-padrão da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada, concentração média de hemoglobina mais alta, menor número médio de doenças e menor número de medicamentos utilizados. Em participantes com taxa de filtração glomerular estimada >45mL/minuto/1,73m2, o nível médio do fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 foi maior naqueles com 25(OH) vitamina D <20ng/mL do que naqueles com 25(OH) vitamina D ≥20ng/mL (75,6RU/mL±42,8 versus 68,5RU/mL±41,7; p<0,001). Houve aumento na cistatina C sérica média (de 1,3mg/mL±0,3 a 1,5mg/mL±0,3 a 1,7mg/mL±0,4) em função do tercil de fator de crescimento 23 de fibroblastos mais alto (p<0,001). Os níveis de fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 não foram significativamente associados à capacidade em testes físicos ou cognitivos. Conclusão Em idosos independentes residentes na comunidade ≥80 anos, o fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 foi associado a comorbidades relacionadas à idade e à função renal, mas não à capacidade funcional.

Associação entre a qualidade de vida e o estresse em estudantes de Fonoaudiologia / Association between quality of life and stress in speech, language, and hearing sciences students

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a associação entre a qualidade de vida - a partir dos domínios "bem-estar físico e material"; "relações com outras pessoas"; "atividades sociais, comunitárias e cívicas"; "desenvolvimento pessoal e realização" e "recreação" -, com o estresse em estudantes de Fonoaudiologia. Métodos Quarenta estudantes (34 do gênero feminino), de um curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, com idades entre 19 e 39 anos, responderam às questões da Escala de Qualidade de Vida de Flanagan e do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp e os resultados foram analisados por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados Os domínios relacionados à qualidade de vida com piores resultados foram "bem-estar físico e material" e "desenvolvimento pessoal e realização" e o domínio que apresentou melhores resultados foi "relações com outras pessoas", sendo capaz de prever 21,2% dos casos de estresse. A qualidade de vida no domínio "relações com outras pessoas" foi uma preditora significativa do estudo, sendo considerada como protetora para o estresse na amostra investigada. Conclusão Uma boa qualidade de vida no domínio "relações com outras pessoas" apresentou-se como fator protetor do estresse em estudantes do curso de Fonoaudiologia.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the association between quality of life - from the physical and material well-being domains; relationships with other people; social, community and civic activities; personal development; achievement and recreation -, with stress in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences. Methods 40 students (34 females) from an undergraduate course in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, aged between 19 and 39, answered the Flanagan Quality of Life Scale and Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory. The results were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results The domains related to the quality of life with the worst results were "physical and material well-being" and "personal development and achievement," and the domain that showed the best results were "relationships with other people", being able to predict 21.2% of the cases of stress. The quality of life in the "relationships with other people" domain was a significant predictor of the study, being considered as protective for stress in the investigated sample. Conclusion A good quality of life in the domain "relationships with other people" was a protective factor of stress in students of the Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences.

Calcium Modulation, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Skin Allergens Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Cellular Models.

Experimental evidence highlights nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) as a molecular target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The well-known effect of electrophilic cysteine-reactive skin allergens on Nrf2-activation led to the hypothesis that these compounds could have a therapeutic role in AD. This was further supported by the neuroprotective activity of the skin allergen dimethyl fumarate (DMF), demonstrated in in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. We evaluated the effect of the cysteine-reactive allergens 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) and methyl heptine carbonate (MHC) on (1) neuronal redox imbalance and calcium dyshomeostasis using N2a wild-type (N2a-wt) and human APP-overexpressing neuronal cells (wild-type, N2a-APPwt) and (2) on neuroinflammation, using microglia BV-2 cells exposed to LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Phthalic anhydride (PA, mainly lysine-reactive), was used as a negative control. DMF, PPD and MHC increased Hmox1 gene and HMOX1 protein levels in N2a-APPwt cells suggesting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant activity. MHC, but also PA, rescued N2a-APPwt mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium levels in a Nrf2-independent pathway. All the chemicals showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing iNOS protein in microglia. This work highlights the potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of the selected skin allergens in in vitro models of AD, and supports further studies envisaging the validation of the results using in vivo AD models.

Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment of the Lipophilic Fractions of Different Morphological Parts of Acacia dealbata.

Acacia dealbata biomass, either from forest exploitation or from the management of invasive species, can be a strategic topic, namely as a source of high-value compounds. In this sense, the present study aimed at the detailed characterization of the lipophilic components of different morphological parts of A. dealbata and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity in cells representative of different mammals' tissues. The chemical composition of lipophilic extracts from A. dealbata bark, wood and leaves was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Terpenic compounds (representing 50.2%-68.4% of the total bark and leaves extracts, respectively) and sterols (60.5% of the total wood extract) were the main components of these extracts. Other constituents, such as fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, monoglycerides, and aromatic compounds were also detected in the studied extracts. All the extracts showed low or no cytotoxicity in the different cells tested, demonstrating their safety profile and highlighting their potential to be used in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications. This study is therefore an important contribution to the valorization of A. dealbata, demonstrating the potential of this species as a source of high value lipophilic compounds.

Decisões Alimentares de Beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família: a Renda é o Único Determinante do "Comer Saudável"? / Food Decision-Making of Beneficiaries of Bolsa Família Program: is Income the Only Determinant for "Healthy Eating"?

Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os aspectos relacionados às decisões alimentares de beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família, no intuito de compreender melhor os hábitos alimentares e nortear o desenvolvimento de ações envolvendo a alimentação desse público. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quali-quantitativo, realizado com 73 beneficiárias do programa, atendidas por uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa-PB. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que os principais fatores levados em consideração para as decisões alimentares foram "preferências pessoais, associadas ao gosto pelo alimento" (91,8%), e "se este é saboroso"(90,4%). O sabor foi considerado como um fator "importante ou muito importante" na escolha dos alimentos de 91,8% dos entrevistados. O "preço", a "preocupação com a saúde", ou se "o alimento é saudável"também foram apontados como fatores influenciadores no momento da compra por mais de 70% das beneficiárias. Nenhuma das variáveis apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com as categorias de renda das participantes. Conclusão: O estudo destaca, portanto, a importância de se considerar esse contexto multifatorial e holístico das decisões alimentares, para intervir mais efetivamente na promoção da alimentação saudável. (AU)

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the aspects related to food decision-making of beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program, to better understand dietary habits and guide the development of actions involving the dietary habits of this public. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study carried out with 73 beneficiaries of the pro-gram, developed at the Primary Health Care Service in Joao Pessoa-PB. Results: The results indicate that the main factors considered for food decision-making were "personal preferences, associated with the taste for food" (91.8%) and "if it is tasty" (90.4%). The taste was considered as an "important or very important" factor in the food choice of 91.8% of the interviewees. "Pricing," "health concern," or "if the food is healthy" were also cited as influencing factors when buying food, by more than 70 percent of beneficiaries. No statistically significant association was found between any variable and the income categories of the participants. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the impor-tance of considering this multifactorial and holistic context of food decision-making in order to intervene more effectively in the promotion of healthy eating. (AU)

Cirurgias realizadas em idosos em um hospital público do interior de São Paulo / Surgeries performed on elderly patients in a public hospital in the state of São Paulo / Cirugías realizadas en idosos en un hospital público del interior de São Paulo

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados em idosos em um centro cirúrgico de um hospital público do interior do estado de São Paulo e caracterizar tais procedimentos. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, quantitativo. A amostra constou de 7.483 procedimentos cirúrgicos em idosos, realizados entre 2013 e 2015. Os dados foram coletados a partir do sistema de cirurgia da instituição sede do estudo. Resultados: A faixa etária na qual prevaleceram os procedimentos foi entre 60 e 70 anos de idade; a maior média de tempo para recuperação da anestesia foi entre 71 e 80 anos. As especialidades que mais realizaram procedimentos foram: ortopedia, urologia e oftalmologia. As anestesias mais empregadas foram: geral inalatória, endovenosa, local com sedação e raquideana; 37,3% usaram o serviço de anestesia, porém não estava descrito em prontuário qual foi o tipo de anestesia realizada. Os óbitos decorrentes dos procedimentos ou complicações das cirurgias foram 1.140; três deles ocorreram no centro cirúrgico e os demais, em enfermarias ou unidades de cuidados intensivos. Conclusão: Os dados aqui apresentados reforçam a necessidade de novos modelos de assistência, com melhorias da assistência multidisciplinar geriátrica, no atendimento perioperatório aos pacientes idosos

Objective: To identify the prevalence of surgical procedures performed in the elderly in a surgical center of a public hospital in the state of São Paulo and to characterize such procedures. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative study. The sample consisted of 7,483 surgical procedures performed in the elderly, between 2013 and 2015. Data were collected from the surgical information system of the institution under study. Results: The age range was between 60 and 70 years of age; the highest average anesthesia recovery time was between 71 and 80 years. The specialties that performed the most procedures were: orthopedics, urology and ophthalmology. The most commonly used anesthesias were: general inhalation, intravenous, local with sedation and spinal; 37,3% used anesthesia, however the type was not described in the patient medical records. There were 1,140 deaths resulting from the procedures or complications; three of them occurred in the surgical center, while the others occured in the intensive care unit or ward. Conclusion: The data presented here reinforce the need for new models of care, with improvements in geriatric multidisciplinary care, in perioperative care for the elderly

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en ancianos en un centro quirúrgico de un hospital público del interior del estado de São Paulo y caracterizar tales procedimientos. Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, cuantitativo. La muestra constató de 7.483 procedimientos quirúrgicos en ancianos, realizados entre 2013 y 2015. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir del sistema de cirugía de la institución sede del estudio. Resultados: El grupo de edad en el que prevalecieron los procedimientos fue entre 60 y 70 años de edad; la mayor media de tiempo para la recuperación de la anestesia fue entre 71 y 80 años. Las especialidades que más realizaron procedimientos fueron: ortopedia, urología y oftalmología. Las anestesias más empleadas fueron: general inhalatoria, endovenosa, local con sedación y raquídea; 37,3% usaron el servicio de anestesia, pero no estaba descrito en prontuario cuál fue el tipo de anestesia realizada. Las muertes derivadas de los procedimientos o complicaciones de las cirugías fueron 1.140; Y tres de ellos ocurrieron en el centro quirúrgico y los demás, en enfermerías o unidades de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: Los datos aquí presentados refuerzan la necesidad de nuevos modelos de asistencia, con mejoras de la asistencia multidisciplinaria geriátrica, en la atención perioperatoria a los pacientes ancianos.

Dès les relations avec les parents à la relation conjugale: la continuité et la discontinuité des modèles d'attachement / Do relacionamento com os pais para o relacionamento romântico: continuidade e descontinuidade dos modelos de apego / From the relationship with parents to the romantic relationship: continuity and discontinuity of attachment models / De la relación con los padres para la relación romántica: continuidad y discontinuidad de los modelos de apego

Résumé Le but de cette étude a été de vérifier la relation entre les représentations d'attachement vis-à-vis des parents et aux partenaires lors des situations de stress relationnel. Un entretien semi-structuré focalisé sur les représentations d'attachement a repéré les représentations d'attachement des figures d'attachement de soixante adultes. Les résultats ont indiqué une certaine similitude entre les représentations d'attachement par rapport aux parents et les représentations d'attachement associées aux partenaires des individus qui ont vécu des situations de stress relationnel. Cette similitude a été plus systématique vis-à-vis de la mère et au premier partenaire amoureux. Il semble que, lorsque l'insécurité d'attachement par rapport aux parents et partenaires prévaut, les représentations d'attachement des relations vécues avec les parents peuvent être éveillées à l'occasion de stress relationnel.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre representações de apego aos pais e parceiros amorosos quando situações relacionais estressantes emergem. Uma entrevista semi-estruturada focada em representações de apego foi utilizada com sessenta adultos. Os resultados indicaram uma certa semelhança entre as representações de apego em relação aos pais e aos parceiros amorosos que viviam stress relacional. Esta semelhança foi mais sistematica em relação a mãe e o primeiro parceiro amoroso. Parece que, quando a insegurança do apego aos pais e parceiros prevalece, as representações de apego internalizadas desde as relações vividas com os pais podem ser reativadas por ocasião da experiência de stress relacional.

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between attachment representations associated to parents and romantic partners when experiencing relational stress. A semi-structured interview focused on attachment representations was used for this purpose and was applied to sixty adults. The results indicated similarities between attachment representations regarding to parents and to individuals experiencing stress within their romantic relationship. These similarities were more systematic among representations associated with mothers and with the first significant partners. It seems that, when insecurity of attachment was internalized from parental relationship, this pattern could be reactivated on romantic relationships.

El propósito de este estudio fue verificar la relación entre las representaciones de apego a los padres y los parejas amorosas cuando sugen situaciones emocionales estresantes. Una entrevista semiestructurada se centró en las representaciones de apego en relación a las figuras de apego de sessenta adultos. Los resultados indican una cierta similitud entre las representaciones de apego a los padres y parejas de las personas que vivieron estrés relacional. Esta semejanza fue más sistemáticamente entre la madre y la primera pareja romántica. Parece que, cuando prevalece la inseguridad del apego a los padres y parejas, las representaciones de apego internalizadas desde la relación con los padres puede volver a se despertar en una relación amorosa especialmente cuando la pareja vive situaciones de estrés relacional.

Functional capacity, renal function and vitamin D in community-dwelling oldest old.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum 25(OH)D with the physical and mental functional capacity of elderly individuals aged 80 years or older. METHODS: We evaluated the functional capacity in its multidomain aspects: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Mental State Mini-Exam (MMSE), Verbal Fluency Test (VF), handgrip strength and time to sit and rise from a chair five times, combined creatinine and cystatin C-based eGFR and 25(OH)D levels in 205 independent asymptomatic and community-dwelling elderly subjects in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Every 1 year of life, there was reduction of about 10% chance of adequate performance in functional capacity. Each 1 ml/min/m2 in eGFR was associated with 2% better chance of adequate performance in the IADL. We found no association between eGFR and cognition. Serum 25(OH)D between 15.00 and 22.29 ng/ml increased the chance of better performance in VF, IADL, handgrip strength and sit and rise from the chair compared to the lower level of serum vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased renal function associated with age compromises the ability to perform activities for independent life in the community, but we did not observe influence in specific domains of cognition and physical performance. Low serum level of 25(OH)D appears to be a marker of greater risk of functional decline than eGFR measurement in independent oldest old dwelling in the community.

Patterns of avian malaria in tropical and temperate environments: testing the "The enemy release hypothesis" / Padrões de malária aviária em região tropical e temperada: testando a "hipótese da liberação do inimigo"

Abstract: According to the enemy release hypothesis (ERH) the spread of invasive species will be facilitated by release from their enemies as they occupy new areas. However, the ERH has rarely been tested by comparing populations of native (non-invasive, long established) species with expanding or shifting ranges, to the same species as invasive in another area. We tested the ERH with respect to blood parasite levels (prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp.) of (a) two closely related, widely distributed species of thrush (Turdus leucomelas and T. merula), and (b) an invasive sparrow (Passer domesticus) whose range has expanded from the Old World to the New World since the 18th century. A total of 158 birds were sampled in Portugal and 99 in Brazil. All bird species were parasitized, and 55% of the individuals collected were parasitized, and the mean intensity of infection was of 28 parasites per 10,000 erythrocytes. We assessed whether differences in levels of infection (prevalence and intensity) were due to site (tropical/New World and temperate/Old World) or host species. The ERH was supported: Passer domesticus and Turdus merula had higher levels of parasitism in the Old World than in the New World. Thus, P. domesticus seems to be benefitting from its "recent" range expansion, compared to T. leucomelas, through ecological release from its native parasites and because the parasites of the recently invaded area seem to be infesting native species instead.

Resumo: De acordo com a hipótese da liberação do inimigo (HLI), a disseminação de espécies invasoras será facilitada pela liberação de seus inimigos ao ocuparem novas áreas. No entanto, a HLI raramente é testada comparando-se as populações de espécies nativas (não invasivas, estabelecidas há muito tempo) que apresentam expansão ou alteração de habitats, com populações das mesmas espécies em habitats que foram invadidos. Testamos a HLI com relação aos níveis de parasitas no sangue (prevalência e intensidade de Plasmodium spp. e Haemoproteus spp.). De (a) duas espécies estreitamente relacionadas e amplamente distribuídas de Turdus (Turdus leucomelas e T. merula), e (b) um pardal invasor (Passer domesticus) cujo alcance se expandiu do Velho Mundo para o Novo Mundo desde o século 18. Um total de 158 aves foram amostradas em Portugal e 99 no Brasil. Todas as espécies foram parasitadas e 55% dos indivíduos foram parasitados, sendo que a intensidade média da infecção foi de 28 parasitas por 10.000 eritrócitos. Avaliamos se as diferenças nos níveis de infecção (prevalência e intensidade) foram devidas ao local (tropical/Novo Mundo e temperado/Velho Mundo) ou espécies hospedeiras. A HLI foi corroborada: Passer domesticus e Turdus merula apresentaram valores mais elevados de parasitismo no Velho Mundo do que no Novo Mundo. Assim, P. domesticus parece estar se beneficiando de sua expansão "recente" em comparação com T. leucomelas, através da liberação ecológica de seus parasitas nativos porque os parasitas da área recentemente invadida parecem infestar espécies nativas.