Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): A useful diagnostic tool for childhood conjunctival melanoma.

INTRODUCTION: Conjunctival melanoma is extremely rare in children and has low rates of resolution. Definitive histopathological diagnosis based exclusively on microscopic findings is sometimes difficult. Thus, early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes. CLINICAL CASE: We present the first case in which the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) diagnostic technique was applied to a 10-year-old boy initially suspected of having amelanotic nevi in his right eye. Based on the 65% of tumor cells with 11q13 (CCND1) copy number gain and 33% with 6p25 (RREB1) gain as measured by the FISH analysis, and on supporting histopathological findings, the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma could be made. Following a larger re-excision, adjuvant therapy with Mitomycin C (MMC), cryotherapy and an amniotic membrane graft, the patient has remained disease-free during 9 years of long-term follow-up. CASE DISCUSSION: Every ophthalmologist should remember to consider and not forget the possibility of using FISH analyses during the differential diagnosis of any suspicious conjunctival lesions. Genetic techniques, such as FISH, have led to great advances in the classification of ambiguous lesions. Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing conjunctival melanoma in the pediatric population are needed to determine the most appropriate strategy for this age group.

The Role of Photobionts as Drivers of Diversification in an Island Radiation of Lichen-Forming Fungi.

Speciation in oceanic islands has attracted the interest of scientists since the 19th century. One of the most striking evolutionary phenomena that can be studied in islands is adaptive radiation, that is, when a lineage gives rise to different species by means of ecological speciation. Some of the best-known examples of adaptive radiation are charismatic organisms like the Darwin finches of the Galapagos and the cichlid fishes of the great African lakes. In these and many other examples, a segregation of the trophic niche has been shown to be an important diversification driver. Radiations are known in other groups of organisms, such as lichen-forming fungi. However, very few studies have investigated their adaptive nature, and none have focused on the trophic niche. In this study, we explore the role of the trophic niche in a putative radiation of endemic species from the Macaronesian Region, the Ramalina decipiens group. The photobiont diversity was studied by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS2 region of 197 specimens spanning the phylogenetic breadth and geographic range of the group. A total of 66 amplicon sequence variants belonging to the four main clades of the algal genus Trebouxia were found. Approximately half of the examined thalli showed algal coexistence, but in most of them, a single main photobiont amounted to more than 90% of the reads. However, there were no significant differences in photobiont identity and in the abundance of ITS2 reads across the species of the group. We conclude that a segregation of the trophic niche has not occurred in the R. decipiens radiation.

Formación de la identidad profesional en las estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de una Universidad en Lambayeque (Perú) / Training of professional identity in students of the Faculty of Nursing University of Lambayeque (Perú)

Resumen:

Este trabajo con enfoque de investigación acción-participativa tuvo como objetivo responder a: ¿cómo se forma la identidad profesional en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de una Universidad en Lambayeque? El objeto de estudio fue la formación de la identidad profesional en estudiantes de Enfermería. El objetivo que guió fue comprender la formación de la identidad profesional de alumnos de enfermería. Como referencial teórica se utilizaron varios autores. En la metodología se empleó la entrevista abierta en profundidad, individual y grupal, así como dinámicas creativo-sensibles. La ética estuvo en toda la investigación. Los hallazgos finales: las estudiantes de enfermería al iniciar su formación profesional evidencian el autoconcepto, la imagen, el yo personal, el yo profesional y los valores personales y profesionales, sin embargo, es a medida que transcurre su formación cuando van reforzando y emerge la identidad profesional como proceso dinámico que va fortaleciéndose.

Estilos de ensinar-cuidar em enfermagem: um estudo comparado em situações de maior complexidade do cliente hospitalizado: Brasil/Perú / The theoretical-practical teaching comparatively, for yhe hospitalized customer's care

Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquia qualitativa com abordagem dialética, inscrito na linha de estudos comparados latinos da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (EEAN/UFRJ). A coleta de dados foi realizado através de análise documental e da entrevista temática sobre o Programa Curricular Interdepartamental IX (PCI IX), da EEAN/UFRJ/Brasil e sobre a disciplina Enfermagem Medico-cirugica especial da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Nacional Pedro Ruiz Callo. O estudo caracteriza e analisa comparativamente o ensino teórico-prático, para o cuidado do cliente hospitalizado, em situações de maior complexidade, a partir da concepção pedagógica de Paulo Freire.Os resultados demonstram especificidades de desenvolvimento e contexto, com semelhanças e deiferenças nas duas realidades estudadas do estilo de ensinar e de cuidar...