Effectiveness of early childhood education interventions to improve complementary feeding practices in children 4 to 36 months of age: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Healthy eating habits, which start with food introduction, can influence children's growth and development. Therefore, the educational actions carried out at school for children who are beginning to eat, involving families and school staff who attend daycare centers, can serve as strategies to improve complementary feeding practices. OBJECTIVE: This review will analyze the effectiveness of early childhood education interventions to improve complementary feeding practices in children aged 4 to 36 months. INCLUSION CRITERIA: The review will consider randomized clinical trials, cluster-randomized clinical trials, and controlled clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of early childhood education interventions involving children aged 4 to 36 months, their families, or school staff to improve complementary feeding. In their absence, observational cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies may be considered. METHODS: This review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. The search for relevant studies will be conducted in PubMed, Embase (Ovid), BIREME, Scopus, the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and the ProQuest Databases (ProQuest Central). No date or language limitation will be applied. Two independent reviewers will select studies by screening titles, abstracts, and keywords against the inclusion criteria. This will be followed by full-text screening. Two independent reviewers will then conduct the study method quality evaluation and data extraction. GRADEpro will be used to assess the certainty in the findings, which will be reported in a systematic review, and, if possible, grouped in a meta-analysis. REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42022384704.

Diagnostic test accuracy of novel biomarkers for lupus nephritis-An overview of systematic reviews.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiorgan inflammatory involvement and a mortality rate that is 2.6-fold higher than individuals of the same age and sex in the general population. Approximately 50% of patients with SLE develop renal impairment (lupus nephritis). Delayed diagnosis of lupus nephritis is associated with a higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, the need for replacement therapy, and mortality. The initial clinical manifestations of lupus nephritis are often discrete or absent and are usually detected through complementary tests. Although widely used in clinical practice, their accuracy is limited. A great scientific effort has been exerted towards searching for new, more sensitive, and specific biomarkers in recent years. Some systematic reviews have individually evaluated new serum and urinary biomarkers tested in patients with lupus nephritis. This overview aimed to summarize systematic reviews on the accuracy of novel serum and urinary biomarkers for diagnosing lupus nephritis in patients with SLE, discussing how our results can guide the clinical management of the disease and the direction of research in this area. METHODS: The research question is "What is the accuracy of the new serum and urinary biomarkers studied for the diagnosis of LN in patients with SLE?". We searched for systematic reviews of observational studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of new serum or urinary biomarkers of lupus nephritis. The following databases were included: PubMed, EMBASE, BIREME/LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, including gray literature found via Google Scholar and PROQUEST. Two authors assessed the reviews for inclusion, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias (ROBIS tool). RESULTS: Ten SRs on the diagnostic accuracy of new serum and urinary BMs in LN were selected. The SRs evaluated 7 distinct BMs: (a) antibodies (anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and anti-C1q), (b) cytokines (TWEAK and MCP-1), (c) a chemokine (IP-10), and (d) an acute phase glycoprotein (NGAL), in a total of 20 review arms (9 that analyzed serum BMs, and 12 that analyzed BMs in urine). The population evaluated in the primary studies was predominantly adults. Two SRs included strictly adults, 5 reviews also included studies in the paediatric population, and 4 did not report the age groups. The results of the evaluation with the ROBIS tool showed that most of the reviews had a low overall risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: There are 10 SRs of evidence relating to the diagnostic accuracy of serum and urinary biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Among the BMs evaluated, anti-C1q, urinary MCP-1, TWEAK, and NGAL stood out, highlighting the need for additional research, especially on LN diagnostic panels, and attempting to address methodological issues within diagnostic accuracy research. This would allow for a better understanding of their usefulness and possibly validate their clinical use in the future. REGISTRATION: This project is registered on the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020196693).

What are the immune responses during the growth of Ehrlich's tumor in ascitic and solid form?

Traditionally, Ehrlich's tumor is used in experimental oncology to investigate the therapeutic capacity of different synthetic chemotherapeutic agents or to evaluate the antitumoral activity of different substances of natural origin. However, the understanding of immune mechanisms during Ehrlich carcinogenesis is still limited. In this review, we seek to describe the immune response during Ehrlich's tumor growth, and natural response without the influence of pharmacological administration, immunotherapies or concomitant challenges. The study followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A systematic review was carried out that included experimental trials with mice challenged with Ehrlich's tumor. The research was carried out in three databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). The searches resulted in 913 papers being found, of which 55 articles were considered eligible, and of these 55, 29 were selected for analysis. Findings indicate that there is an increase in the expression of M2 and T Helper (TH2) macrophages and of the cytokines IL-17, IL-1B, IL-6 and PGE in the ascitic form of Ehrlich. These phenotypic expressions are also found in ascitic neoplasms in humans. Ehrlich's solid tumor was characterized by increased expression of CD4, CD8, neutrophils and TNF-a, Foxp3 + and Qa-2 +, and these characteristics are analogous to human breasts cancers. It is our understanding that further studies are needed to assess the immune mechanisms in Ehrlich's tumor, since these findings can be used to improve cancer treatments that are analogous to Ehrlich's tumor.

Effects of a cyanobacterial extract containing-anatoxin-a(s) on the cardiac rhythm of Leurolestes circunvagans

This work presents the effects of an anatoxin-a(s)-containing extract on a cockroach semi-isolated heart preparation and the results supporting the extract’s biological activity on acetylcholinesterase (purified from ell). The presence of the toxin in cyanobacterial strains Anabaena spiroides (ITEP-024, ITEP-025 and ITEP-026) isolated from the Tapacurá reservoir in Pernambuco, Brazil, was confirmed by means of liquid chromatography coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometer. The anticholinesterase activity was assessed biochemically by the Ellman test and was confirmed by measuring the cockroach’s heart rate. The concentration of the extract containing the tested anatoxin-a(s) (antx-a(s)) (10, 16 and 100 μg.μL-1) inhibited the eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by more than 90%. The cockroach cardiac frequency increased by a maximum of about 20% within 29 min after the addition of 2.5x10³ μg of extract containing antxa (s).g-1 bw (n=9, p<0.05). Our results strongly indicate that antx-a(s) is capable of exerting biological effects on cockroach, indicating that more research might be conducted to determine its role in the environment, especially on insects.

Caracterização de estafilococos encontrados em dinheiro brasileiro coletado em ambiente hospitalar / Characterization of staphylococcus found in brasilian money collected in hospital environment hospital

S. aureus, S. epidermidis e S. saprophyciticus são as principais espécies do gênero Staphylococcus para as áreas relacionadas à saúde. Distinguem-se porque são onipresentes e potencialmente patogênicas. Ademais, têm apresentado resistência a medicamentos em número crescente de casos. Os objetivos dos autores são examinar a colonização por Staphylococcus do dinheiro brasileiro coletado em ambiente hospitalar; identificar aquelas três espécies; e determinar a sensibilidade ou resistência das cepas de S. aureus à penicilina G, oxacilina, eritromicina, sulfa, clindamicina e vancomicina. Concluíram que o dinheiro pode ser um reservatório de bactérias, inclusive das do gênero Staphylococcus. Esta é uma das razões por que práticas de higiene e controle de infecções, como a lavagem das mãos com sabão comum ou detergente, têm importância particular no ambiente nosocomial