Corrigendum: Effect of Allium sativum and Nigella sativa on alleviating aluminum toxicity state in the albino rats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1042640.].

Effect of Allium sativum and Nigella sativa on alleviating aluminum toxicity state in the albino rats.

The study objective was to evaluate Allium sativum's potential and Nigella Sativa's combination's potential to reduce aluminum toxicity and return to the normal state. In the present study, a hundred albino rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group was used as a control group; the other four groups were exposed to aluminum 1,600 ppm. The second exposed to aluminum only; the third and fourth groups were treated with Allium sativum 5% and Nigella sativa 5%, respectively, while the fifth group was treated with a mix of Allium sativum 2.5% and Nigella sativa 2.5% for 8th weeks. After 8 weeks, the aluminum administration was stopped, and the second group was divided into three groups. The groups were treated with Allium sativum 5% and Nigella sativa 5%, and a mix of Allium sativum 2.5% and Nigella sativa 2.5%, respectively. The first group was the control group (continued from the first experiment). Garlic and Nigella sativa were crushed and added to feed while receiving aluminum chloride daily at a dose of 1.6 ml/l was added to the drinking water. Histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testes were investigated after 8 and 16 weeks, and blood samples were collected after 4, 8, and 16 weeks for biochemical blood parameters. The results showed that the histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, and testes showed signs of congestion in blood vessels after aluminum exposure. Meanwhile, the treatment with Allium sativum or Nigella sativum or the mixture between them had positive effects on evading the harmful effects of aluminum in the liver, Kidney, and testes tissues. In addition, there were protective effects for Allium sativum and Nigella sativa against aluminum on serum creatinine, urea, ALT, and AST concentrations. The present study concluded that supplementation with Allium sativum or Nigella sativa or their combination could reduce aluminum toxicity and return the liver, kidney, and testes to normal.

Host Resistance to Uromyces appendiculatus in Common Bean Genotypes.

Rust, induced by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is one of the most serious bean diseases. The involved mechanisms in rust resistance were evaluated in 10 common bean genotypes during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The disease parameters such as final rust severity (FRS%), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease increase rate (r-value) were lower in the resistant genotypes than in highly susceptible genotypes. Biochemical compounds such as total phenols and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were increased in the resistant genotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. In the resistance genotypes, the levels of oxidative stress markers such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•-) increased dramatically after infection. The electrolyte leakage percentage (EL%), was found to be much greater in susceptible genotypes than resistant genotypes. The resistant gene SA14, which was found in genotypes Nebraska and Calypso at 800 bp, had an adequate level of resistance to bean rust with high grain yield potential. After infection, the transcriptions levels of 1,3-D-glucanases and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) were higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. In conclusion, the resistant genotypes successfully displayed desirable agronomic traits and promising expectations in breeding programs for improving management strategies of common bean rust disease. The resistance was mediated by antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds, and defense gene expressions, as well as the resistant gene SA14.