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Objective: To develop predictive clinical models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) through competing risk analysis. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study, including preterm newborns ≤32 weeks gestational age, conducted between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2022 in a third-level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Spain. A prediction study was carried out using competing risk models, where the event of interest was BPD and the competing event was death. A multivariate competing risk model was developed separately for each postnatal day (days 1, 3, 7 and 14). Nomograms to predict BPD risk were developed from the coefficients of the final models and internally validated. Results: A total of 306 patients were included in the study, of which 73 (23.9%) developed BPD and 29 (9.5%) died. On day 1, the model with the greatest predictive capacity was that including birth weight, days since rupture of membranes, and surfactant requirement (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), 0.896; 95% CI, 0.792-0.999). On day 3, the final predictive model was based on the variables birth weight, surfactant requirement, and Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2) (AUC, 0.891; 95% CI, 0.792-0.989). Conclusions: Competing risk analysis allowed accurate prediction of BPD, avoiding the potential bias resulting from the exclusion of deceased newborns or the use of combined outcomes. The resulting models are based on clinical variables measured at bedside during the first 3 days of life, can be easily implemented in clinical practice, and can enable earlier identification of patients at high risk of BPD.
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AIMS: To evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of gallic acid derivatives TPP+-C10 and TPP+-C12 and their effects on mitochondrial function on two Candida albicans reference strains (ATCC 90029 and ATCC 10231). METHODS AND RESULTS: First, we determined minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a microdilution assay. Both compounds exerted antifungal effects, and their MICs ranged from 3.9 to 13 µM, with no statistically significant differences between them (P > 0.05, t-test). These concentrations served as references for following assays. Subsequently, we measured oxygen consumption with a Clark electrode. Our observations revealed that both drugs inhibited oxygen consumption in both strains with TPP+-C12 exerting a more pronounced inhibitory effect. We then employed flow cytometry with TMRE as a probe to assess mitochondrial membrane potential. For each strain assayed, the compounds induced a decay in transmembrane potential by 75%-90% compared to the control condition (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Then, we measured ATP levels using a commercial kit. TPP+-C12 showed a 50% decrease of ATP content (P < 0.05 ANOVA), while TPP+-C10 exhibited a less pronounced effect. Finally, we assessed the antibiofilm effect using the MTT reduction assay. Both compounds were effective, but TPP+-C12 displayed a greater potency, requiring a lower concentration to inhibit 50% of biofilms viability (P < 0.05, t-test). CONCLUSIONS: Derivatives of gallic acid linked to a TPP+ group exert antifungal and antibiofilm activity through impairment of mitochondrial function in C. albicans.
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Antifúngicos , Candida albicans , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Biofilmes , Mitocôndrias , Trifosfato de AdenosinaRESUMO
Antecedentes: El Shock Cardiogénico (SC) y las Angioplastías de Alto Riesgo (AAR) están asociadas con altas tasas de mortalidad. El uso del dispositivo Impella CP podría reducir el riesgo de muerte en estos escenarios. En Chile no existen reportes evaluando el uso del dispositivo Impella CP. Objetivo: Analizar los desenlaces clínicos en pacientes que fueron sometidos al uso del dispositivo Impella CP por SC o por AAR. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 17 pacientes, los cuales representan el total de implantes realizados en el país, entre octubre 2021 y agosto 2023. Se describió las características, demográficas, procedimentales y después del implante. Se estimó la mortalidad general y se identificaron factores asociados. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes fue 69± 3,7 años y 88,2% fueron hombres. El 64,7% recibió el dispositivo por SC y 35,3% por AAR. Dentro de las comorbilidades estudiadas, la hipertensión arterial fue la más frecuente, 94,1%. Un 58,8% de los pacientes fueron revascularizados a través de la arteria radial. El 29,4% recibió el dispositivo previo a la angioplastía y 70,6% lo recibió después. El 47,1% de las angioplastías fue guiada por imágenes. En 11,8% de ellos se realizó litotricia intracoronaria y 5,9% por ablación intracoronaria. Los pacientes estuvieron 13 ±3,4 días con el soporte. La mortalidad global fue de 41,2%. Conclusiones: El uso del dispositivo Impella presentó pocas complicaciones vasculares. La mortalidad asociada con su colocación en Chile fue relativamente similar con la reportada en la literatura.
Background: Cardiogenic shock and high-risk Angioplasty are associated with a high mortality rate. Using the Impella CP device could reduce the risk of death in these scenarios. In Chile, there are no studies evaluating the use of the Impella CP device. Objective: To analyse the clinical outcomes in patients who have undergone placement of the Impella CP device for cardiogenic shock and high-risk angioplasties. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 17 patients, which represent the total number of implants performed in the country, between October 2021 and August 2023. The demographic, procedural and post-implant characteristics were described. Overall mortality and associated factors were identified. Results: The age was 69± 3.7 years, where 88.2% were men. 64.7% of patients received the device by SC and 35.3% by AAR. Among the comorbidities studied, arterial hypertension was the most frequent with 94.1%. 58.8% of patients were revascularized through the radial artery. 29.4% of patients received the device before angioplasty and 70.6% received it afterwards. 47.1% of angioplasties were image-guided, 11.8% had intracoronary lithotripsy, and 5.9% had intracoronary ablation. The patients spent 13 ±3.4 days with the support. Overall mortality was 41.2%. Conclusion: use of the Impella device was associated with few vascular complications. Mortality associated with use of the Impella device in Chile was similar to that previously reported in other studies.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Choque Cardiogênico/cirurgia , Coração Auxiliar , Angioplastia/métodos , Choque Cardiogênico/mortalidade , Chile , Fatores de Risco , Estudo Multicêntrico , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Introducción: En nuestro medio, el implante percutáneo de prótesis aórtica (TAVI) se encuentra limitado a pacientes más añosos o de mayor riesgo quirúrgico, en quienes frecuentemente se retarda la intervención hasta que presenten signos avanzados de enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de compromiso miocárdico en pacientes sometidos a TAVI y determinar si la magnitud de este compromiso predice los resultados alejados del procedimiento. Métodos: Registro de pacientes sometidos a TAVI en 2 instituciones de Chile. Según la clasificación propuesta por Genereux el año 2017, se clasificaron desde el punto de vista ecocardiográfico como: 1) compromiso de ventrículo izquierdo; 2) compromiso de aurícula izquierda; 3) hipertensión pulmonar / insuficiencia tricuspídea significativa y 4) disfunción de ventrículo derecho. Resultados: Se incluyeron 209 pacientes. Se logró un procedimiento exitoso en 98,6%, registrándose una mortalidad intrahospitalaria de 2,9%. El compromiso cardíaco se extendió más allá de las cavidades izquierdas en 24,7% de los casos (estadíos 3 y 4). A una mediana de seguimiento de 650 días se registró una mortalidad de 26,8%. El compromiso de cavidades derechas (estadíos 3 y 4) se asoció a una mayor mortalidad (39,6% vs 22,1%, log rank p=0,015). En análisis multivariado, este compromiso fue el único factor que de forma independiente predijo mortalidad (HR 1,87, IC 1,01-3,44, p=0,044). Conclusiones: El compromiso de cavidades derechas se asocia a una mayor mortalidad alejada en pacientes sometidos a TAVI. Estos resultados debiesen estimular una derivación precoz de estos pacientes que, aunque añosos y de alto riesgo, tienen buenos resultados intervenidos precozmente.
Background: Locally, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is limited to very old or high-risk patients, whose intervention is frequently delayed until they develop signs of advanced disease. Aim: To evaluate the degree of myocardial compromise in patients undergoing TAVI and to determine whether the level of this compromise can predict results during follow-up. Methods: Registry of TAVI patients from 2 institutions in Chile. According to the classification proposed by Genereux in 2017, patients were classified based on the echocardiogram as 1) left ventricular compromise; 2) left atrial compromise; 3) pulmonary hypertension / severe tricuspid regurgitation; 4) right ventricular dysfunction. Results: The study included 209 patients. A successful procedure was achieved in 98.6% of cases, with an in-hospital mortality of 2.9%. Cardiac compromise extended beyond left chambers in 24.7% of cases (stages 3 and 4). During follow-up (median of 650 days) mortality was 26.8%. Right chambers involvement (stages 3 and 4) was associated with increased mortality (39.6% vs 22.1%, log rank p=0.015). In multivariate analysis, this compromise was the only factor that independently predicted mortality (HR 1.87, IC 1.01-3.44, p=0,044). Conclusions: Right chambers involvement was associated to increased mortality during follow-up of patients undergoing TAVI. These results should stimulate earlier referral of these high risk and older patients in order to obtain better results following the intervention.
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/classificação , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ecocardiografia , Análise de Sobrevida , Análise Multivariada , Seguimentos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Previsões , Miocárdio/patologiaRESUMO
Resumen La enfermedad COVID-19 es una patología de origen infeccioso causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y fue declarada pandemia por la OMS el 11 de marzo 2020. A la fecha se registran más de 500 millones de personas infectadas y más de 6 millones de fallecidos en todo el mundo. Las personas que pertenecen a grupos de riesgo más vulnerables, particularmente aquellos que se encuentran en los extremos de la vida, con comorbilidades crónicas o inmunocomprometidas, son especialmente susceptibles a presentar un eventual mayor riesgo de infección, de gravedad y de mortalidad por esta enfermedad. Las personas que viven con VIH, especialmente aquellos en precarias condiciones inmunológicas o aquellas que aún no inician terapia antiretroviral, pueden ser un grupo especialmente susceptible de presentar complicaciones relacionadas a esta y otras enfermedades de origen infeccioso. Con esta revisión se pretende determinar la magnitud del impacto del virus SARS-CoV-2 en personas viviendo con VIH en Chile.
Abstract The COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. To date, more than 500 million people have been infected and it has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide. People that belong to the most vulnerable risk groups, such as those at the extremes of life, patients with chronic comorbidities and those with severe immunosuppression, are especially susceptible to developing a severe form of COVID-19 infection and death. Subjects living with HIV, especially those in precarious immunological conditions or those in whom antiretroviral therapy is yet to be started, may be at risk of developing complications related to COVID-19, as observed with other infectious diseases. This review aims to determine the magnitude of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on people living with HIV in Chile.
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Humanos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Chile/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is beneficial in patients with symptomatic severe Aortic Stenosis (AS). There is no consensus about the best anticoagulation strategy for patients with a recent TAVI and with atrial fibrillation (AF). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective to prevent embolic events with a significant lower incidence of bleeding. There is scarce evidence about the use of these drugs in patients undergoing TAVI. AIM: To assess the management of anticoagulation at the moment of discharge of patients with AF and TAVI. Material and Methods: A four question survey was sent to cardiologists involved in TAVI programs in different international centers. Results: The survey was answered by 72 interventional cardiologists. Even with the lack of randomized evidence, in most of the scenarios DOACs are prescribed at discharge in patients with indication for anticoagulation. Also, in patients with high bleeding risk, most cardiologists would perform a left atrial appendage closure. In patients with concomitant coronary artery disease, if a stent was recently implanted, prescription of the combination of a DOAC and one antiplatelet drug was the most common answer. In patients with a former coronary angioplasty, DOAC or Warfarin was the therapy of choice. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of randomized data, interventional cardiologists prescribe DOACs at discharge to patients with AF and TAVI, without following current guidelines in most cases.
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Humanos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
COVID-19 pandemic generated multiple challenges for the health system. Cardiovascular disease is associated with a worse prognosis of infections. Moreover, most hospital resources and operative rooms were destined to patients with COVID-19 infection, deferring the treatment of most valvular patients requiring surgery. We report seven patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with conscious sedation and early discharge. No patient required intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. After a 90-day follow-up, there were no complications or unplanned readmissions.
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Humanos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , COVID-19 , Alta do Paciente , Fatores de Risco , Sedação Consciente/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , PandemiasRESUMO
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasing health care problem associated with thromboembolic risk about 5% per year, with high mortality and morbidity when associated to stroke. Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are the treatment of choice for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, these drugs are associated with an increased risk of serious complications such an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). In this context percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is an effective therapeutic alternative to OACs, with an increasing success rate. Novel devices might allow or facilitate the procedure in some anatomically and technically complicated cases. Two patients with a complex morphology of the LAA, in which the LAmbre (Lifetech Scientific [Shenzhen] Co. Ltd.) device was implanted with good technical and clinical results are presented.
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Apêndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia , Ecocardiografia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Recently, intravascular lithoplasty (IVL) has been introduced as a novel technique for treating calcified intracoronary artery lesions. There are no reports of this intervention in Latin America. We report 2 cases in which IVL was successfully used to treat this type of coronary artery lesions.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Litotripsia/métodos , Aterectomia Coronária/métodos , Calcificação Vascular/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com BalãoRESUMO
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has a lower perioperative risk than traditional surgery mostly when the transfemoral access is used. Some patients have anatomical conditions that contraindicate the use of this route. Lithoplasty is a novel technique that fractures calcium in coronary and peripheral arteries using pulsatile waves transmitted through an angioplasty balloon. We report an 83 year-old male with an aortic stenosis requiring TAVI, with severe calcification of his femoral and aortic arteries. A balloon lithoplasty of the right iliac-femoral tract was carried out, which allowed the use of the transfemoral route to install the aortic prosthesis. The patient had a good subsequent evolution.
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Humanos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Fluoroscopia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We report a 55-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus who consulted at the emergency room because of intermittent oppressive chest discomfort. At admission, electrocardiogram showed a complete atrioventricular block. A transthoracic echocardiogram disclosed severe left ventricular dysfunction. The patient developed cardiogenic shock that required the installation of the Impella system. An emergency coronary angiography showed an ostial occlusion of the anterior descending artery. Despite successful primary angioplasty, she persisted with refractory shock and progressive hypoxemia. A concomitant connection to the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system (ECMO) was decided. The support of both devices allowed the stabilization of the patient and the improvement of perfusion parameters.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Coração Auxiliar , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2RESUMO
RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: En pacientes con estenosis Aórtica (EA) severa sintomática, el implante de válvula aórtica percutánea transcatéter (TAVI) por vía transfemoral constituye el estándar de tratamiento en aquellos de riesgo quirúrgico intermedio o alto. El uso de un abordaje minimalista ha demostrado ser seguro y efectivo, si bien no existen reportes sobre la realidad nacional Métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre la experiencia con pacientes sometidos al implante de TAVI bajo un protocolo minimalista en Unidad de Cardiología Intervencional y Hemodinamia del Hospital Sótero del Río desde Enero de 2018. Se analizaron las variables clínicas de los pacientes y del procedimiento así como desenlaces clínicos intrahospitalarios y seguimiento alejado. Resultados: Entre Enero 2018 hasta Abril 2019, un total de 10 pacientes fueron sometidos al implante de TAVI por vía transfemoral. El score STS-PROM promedio fue de 7,1. Se logró un implante exitoso en el 100% de los casos con un gradiente medio residual de 8 mmHg y sin leak moderado a severo en ningún paciente. No hubo eventos cerebrovasculares isquémicos perioperatorios ni muerte en este grupo. Se requirió implante de marcapasos definitivo en 3 pacientes y un paciente presentó hematoma femoral perioperatorio que requirió transfusión de glóbulos rojos. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 2 días. Conclusiones: El uso de una estrategia minimalista para el implante de TAVI en nuestra realidad nacional es seguro y aplicable. Los resultados perioperatorios y a 30 días fueron comparables a los descritos en experiencias internacionales.
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, transcatheter percutaneous aortic valve implant (TAVI) is the standard treatment in those with intermediate or high surgical risk. The use of a minimalist approach has proven to be safe and effective, although there are no reports on the national reality Methods: Descriptive study on the experience with patients undergoing TAVI implantation under a minimalist protocol at the Interventional Cardiology and Hemodynamics Unit of the Hospital Sótero del Río since January 2018. Clinical characteristics of the patients and the procedure were analyzed as well as intrahospital outcomes and at 30-days follow up. Results: Between January 2018 and April 2019, a total of 10 patients underwent TAVI implantation by transfemoral approach in our institution. The average STS-PROM score was 7.1. A successful implant was achieved in 100% of cases with an average residual gradient of 8 mmHg and no moderate to severe leak in any patient. There were no perioperative ischemic cerebrovascular events nor death in this group. A definitive pacemaker implant was required in 3 patients and one patient developed femoral hematoma that required red blood cell transfusion. The median hospital stay was 2 days. Conclusions: The use of a minimalist strategy for TAVI implantation in our national reality is safe and applicable. Immediate results and at 30-days follow up were comparable to those described in international experiences.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Resultado do Tratamento , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN:TAVI transfemoral en una paciente con obesidad extrema y estenosis aórtica severa. Una mujer extremadamente obesa (IMC 62.5 Kg/M2) con estenosis aórtica severa fue descartada para cirugía bariátrica y reemplazo valvular aórtico. Se efectuó una TAVI por vía transfemoral, sin anestesia general. Se describen cuidadosas técnicas para efectuar la punción femoral y su sellado posterior. La paciente se recuperó sin incidentes, la gradiente transvalvular aórtica se redujo significativamente y hubo mínima insuficiencia valvular.
ABSTRACT: An extremely obese woman (BMI 62.5 Kg/M2) with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis was discarded for bariatric surgery or aortic valve replacement. A transfemoral TAVI was performed, without general anesthesia. Careful techniques to perform and seal the transfemoral puncture are described. The patient recovered uneventfully with a significant decrease in aortic valve gradient and minimal aortic insufficiency.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Angiografia , Ultrassonografia , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , ObesidadeRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To know the distribution of births of very low birth weight infants by day of the week, and whether this distribution affects the morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively in the Spanish SEN1500 network (2002-2011). Outborn infants, patients with major congenital anomalies, and those who died in the delivery room were excluded. Births were grouped into "weekdays" and "weekends." A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the independent effect of the birth moment on outcomes, and Cox regression for survival. Results: Out of a total of 27,205 very low birth weight infants born at and/or admitted to the participating centers, 22,961 (84.4%) met inclusion criteria. A reduction of 24% in the number of births was observed during the "weekends" compared with "weekdays". In the raw analysis, patients born on weekends exhibited higher morbidity and mortality (mortality rate: 14.2% vs. 16.5%, p < 0.001), but differences were no longer significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions: The present results suggest that current care practices reduce the proportion of births during the weekends and tend to cluster some high-risk births during this period, increasing crude morbidity and mortality. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, the differences disappear, suggesting that overall care coverage in these centers is appropriate.
Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer a distribuição dos partos de neonatos com muito baixo peso ao nascer durante a semana e se essa distribuição afeta a morbidez e a mortalidade nesse grupo de pacientes. Método: Esta é uma análise retrospectiva de dados coletados prospectivamente na rede espanhola SEN1500 (2002-2011). Foram excluídos neonatos nascidos em outro local, pacientes com grandes anomalias congênitas e pacientes falecidos na sala de parto. Os partos foram agrupados em "Dias úteis" e "Final de semana". Foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística multivariada para avaliar o efeito independente do parto sobre os resultados e uma regressão de Cox para avaliar a sobrevida. Resultados: Do total de 27.205 neonatos com muito baixo peso ao nascer nascidos e/ou internados nos centros participantes, 22.961 (84,4%) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Houve uma redução de 24% no número de partos no "Final de semana" em comparação com os "Dias úteis". Na análise bruta, os pacientes nascidos em finais de semana apresentaram maior morbidez e mortalidade (Taxa de mortalidade: 14,2% em comparação a 16,5%, p < 0,001), porém as diferenças não eram mais significativas após o ajuste aos fatores de confusão. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que as práticas atuais de atendimento reduzem a proporção de partos em finais de semana e tendem a agrupar alguns partos de alto risco nesse período, aumentando a morbidez e mortalidade brutas. Contudo, após o ajuste aos fatores de risco, as diferenças desaparecem, sugerindo que a cobertura de atendimento geral em nossos centros é adequada.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Fatores de Tempo , Mortalidade Infantil , Morbidade , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Gastrectomy is the main treatment for gastric and Siewert type II-III esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer. This surgery is associated with significant morbidity. Total morbidity rates vary across different studies and few have evaluated postoperative morbidity according to complication severity. Aim: To identify the predictors of severe postoperative morbidity. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study from a prospective database. We included patients treated with gastrectomy for gastric or EGJ cancers between January 2012 and December 2016 at a single center. Severe morbidity was defined as Clavien-Dindo score ≥3. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of severe morbidity. Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine gastrectomies were performed (67% males, median age: 65 years). Tumor location was EGJ in 14%, upper third of the stomach in 30%, middle third in 26%, and lower third in 28%. In 196 (67%), a total gastrectomy was performed with a D2 lymph node dissection in 85%. Two hundred and eleven patients (79%) underwent an open gastrectomy. T status was T1 in 23% and T3/T4 in 68%. Postoperative mortality was 2.4% and morbidity rate was 41%. Severe morbidity was 11% and was mainly represented by esophagojejunostomy leak (2.4%), duodenal stump leak (2.1%), and respiratory complications (2%). On multivariate analysis, EGJ location and T3/T4 tumors were associated with a higher rate of severe postoperative morbidity. Conclusion: Severe postoperative morbidity after gastrectomy was 11%. Esophagogastric junction tumor location and T3/T4 status are risk factors for severe postoperative morbidity.
RESUMO Raciona l: A gastrectomia é o tratamento principal para o câncer de junção esofagogástrica (EGJ) e Siewert tipo II-III. Ela está associada à morbidade significativa. As taxas de morbidade total variam entre os diferentes estudos e poucos avaliaram a morbidade pós-operatória de acordo com a gravidade da complicação. Objetivo: Identificar os preditores de morbidade pós-operatória grave. Métodos: Este foi um estudo de coorte retrospectivo de um banco de dados prospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes tratados com gastrectomia para câncer gástrico ou EGJ em um único centro. A morbidade severa foi definida como escore de Clavien-Dindo ≥3. Análise multivariada foi realizada para identificar preditores de morbidade grave. Resultados: Duzentos e oitenta e nove gastrectomias foram realizadas (67% homens, mediana de idade: 65 anos). A localização do tumor foi EGJ em 14%, o terço superior do estômago em 30%, o terço médio em 26% e o terço inferior em 28%. Em 196 (67%), foi realizada gastrectomia total com dissecção de linfonodos D2 em 85%. Duzentos e onze pacientes (79%) foram submetidos à gastrectomia aberta. O estado T foi T1 em 23% e T3/T4 em 68%. A mortalidade pós-operatória foi de 2,4% e a taxa de morbidade foi de 41%. A morbidade severa foi de 11% e foi representada principalmente por fístula esofagojejunal (2,4%), fístula duodenal (2,1%) e complicações respiratórias (2%). Na análise multivariada, a localização do EGJ e os tumores T3/T4 foram associados com maior morbidade pós-operatória grave. Conclusão: Morbidade pós-operatória severa após gastrectomia foi de 11%. A localização do tumor na junção esofagogástrica e o estado T3/T4 são fatores de risco para a morbidade pós-operatória grave.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Junção Esofagogástrica/cirurgia , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic gastrectomy has numerous perioperative advantages, but the long-term survival of patients after this procedure has been less studied. Aim: To compare survival, oncologic and perioperative outcomes between completely laparoscopic vs. open gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Methods: This study was retrospective, and our main outcomes were the overall and disease-specific 5-year survival, lymph node count and R0 resection rate. Our secondary outcome was postoperative morbidity. Results: Were included 116 patients (59% men, age 68 years, comorbidities 73%, BMI 25) who underwent 50 laparoscopic gastrectomies and 66 open gastrectomies. The demographic characteristics, tumour location, type of surgery, extent of lymph node dissection and stage did not significantly differ between groups. The overall complication rate was similar in both groups (40% vs. 28%, p=ns), and complications graded at least Clavien 2 (36% vs. 18%, p=0.03), respiratory (9% vs. 0%, p=0.03) and wound-abdominal wall complications (12% vs. 0%, p=0.009) were significantly lower after laparoscopic gastrectomy. The lymph node count (21 vs. 23 nodes; p=ns) and R0 resection rate (100% vs. 96%; p=ns) did not significantly differ between groups. The 5-year overall survival (84% vs. 87%, p=0.31) and disease-specific survival (93% vs. 98%, p=0.20) did not significantly differ between the laparoscopic and open gastrectomy groups. Conclusion: The results of this study support similar oncologic outcome and long-term survival for patients with early gastric cancer after laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy. In addition, the laparoscopic approach is associated with less severe morbidity and a lower occurrence of respiratory and wound-abdominal wall complications.
RESUMO Racional: A gastrectomia laparoscópica tem numerosas vantagens perioperatórias, mas a sobrevivência em longo prazo após este procedimento tem sido menos estudada. Objetivo: Comparar resultados de sobrevivência, oncológica e perioperatória entre a gastrectomia completamente laparoscópica vs. aberta para câncer gástrico precoce. Método: Este estudo foi retrospectivo e os principais resultados foram a sobrevivência global e específica de cinco anos, contagem de linfonodos e taxa de ressecção R0. Resultado secundário foi a morbidade pós-operatória. Resultados: Foram incluídos 116 pacientes (59% homens, idade 68 anos, comorbidades 73%, IMC 25) que foram submetidos a 50 gastrectomias laparoscópicas e 66 gastrectomias abertas. As características demográficas, a localização do tumor, o tipo de operação, a extensão da dissecção dos linfonodos e do estágio não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. A taxa geral de complicações foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (40% vs. 28%, p=ns) e complicações classificadas Clavien 2 (36% vs. 18%, p=0,03), respiratórias (9% vs. 0%, p=0,03) e as da parede abdominal (12% vs. 0%, p=0,009) foram significativamente menores após a gastrectomia laparoscópica. A contagem de linfonodos (21 contra 23, p=ns) e a taxa de ressecção R0 (100% vs. 96%; p=ns) não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. A sobrevida global de cinco anos (84% vs. 87%, p=0,31) e a sobrevida específica (93% vs. 98%, p=0,20) não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos de gastrectomia laparoscópica e aberta. Conclusão: Estes resultados suportam resultados oncológicos similares e sobrevida em longo prazo para pacientes com câncer gástrico precoce após gastrectomia laparoscópica e gastrectomia aberta. Além disso, a abordagem laparoscópica está associada com morbidade menos grave e menor ocorrência de complicações respiratórias e da parede abdominal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparoscopia/mortalidade , Gastrectomia/métodos , Gastrectomia/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Chile , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Período Perioperatório , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Excisão de Linfonodo/mortalidade , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity are a public health problem in Chile. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment alternative to achieve a significant and sustained weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity. The results of controlled clinical trials indicate that, compared to medical treatment, surgery for obese patients with DM2 allows a better control of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors, reduces the need for medications and increases the likelihood for remission. Consensus conferences and clinical practice guidelines support bariatric surgery as an option to treat DM2 in Class III Obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 40) regardless of the glycemic control and the complexity of pharmacological treatment and in Class II Obesity (BMI 35-39,9) with inadequate glycemic control despite optimal pharmacological treatment and lifestyle. However, surgical indication for patients with DM2 and BMI between 30-34.9, the most prevalent sub-group, is only suggested. The Chilean Societies of Endocrinology and Diabetes and of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery decided to generate a consensus regarding the importance of other factors related to DM2 that would allow a better selection of candidates for surgery, particularly when weight does not constitute an indication. Considering the national reality, we also need a statement regarding the selection and characteristics of the surgical procedure as well as the role of the diabetologist in the multidisciplinary team.
Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Obesidade/cirurgia , Sociedades Médicas , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Ilustração MédicaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer esofágico se asocia a una alta morbimortalidad. El abordaje mínimamente invasivo se ha introducido con el objetivo de disminuir la morbilidad postoperatoria. Objetivo Describir la técnica y los resultados de la esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva (EMI) transtorácica en posición semiprono. Métodos Estudio de cohorte descriptivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con una EMI electiva por cáncer entre abril de 2013 y mayo de 2017. Se registraron variables demográficas, perioperatorias, anatomía patológica y la sobrevida. Resultados Incluimos 33 pacientes (24 hombres, edad 69 años, 91% con comorbilidades). La ubicación predominante del tumor fue en los tercios medio e inferior del esófago (90%). Quince (45%) pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia. No existieron casos de conversión a toracotomías. La reconstrucción se realizó con estómago en un 93%. Se realizó anastomosis cervical en 66% y torácica en 30%. El tiempo operatorio fue de 420 (330-570) minutos y el sangrado de 200 (20-700) cc. La mortalidad a 90 días fue de 0%. La morbilidad global fue de 78%, se registró un 15% de neumonía y un 9% requirió una reoperación. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 23 (11-81) días. La histología fue carcinoma escamoso en 51% y adenocarcinoma en 45%. Los márgenes fueron RO en 87%. El recuento ganglionar alcanzó 30 (9-45) ganglios. La sobrevida global a 2 años es 68%. Conclusión Los resultados preliminares de esta técnica son favorables; sin ningún caso de mortalidad postoperatoria. Los resultados oncológicos demuestran un alto porcentaje de cirugía RO y adecuado recuento ganglionar.
Introduction Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The minimally invasive approach has been introduced with the aim of reducing postoperative morbidity. Aim To describe the surgical technique and the results of transthoracic minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in semiprone position. Material and Methods Descriptive cohort study. Patients with an elective MIE for cancer were included between April 2013 and May 2017. Demographic, perioperative, pathology and survival variables were recorded. Results We included 33 patients (24 men, age 69 years, 91% with comorbidities). The predominant location of the tumor was in the middle and lower thirds of the esophagus (90%). Fifteen (45%) patients received neoadjuvant treatment. There were no cases of conversion to thoracotomy. The reconstruction was performed with stomach in 93%. Cervical anastomosis was performed in 66% and thoracic anastomosis in 30%. The operative time was 420 (330-570) minutes and bleeding 200 (20-700) cc. The 90-day mortality rate was 0%. Overall morbidity was 78%, there was a 15% occurrence of pneumonia and 9% required a reoperation. The hospital stay was 23 (11-81) days. The histology was squamous carcinoma in 51% and adenocarcinoma in 45%. Margins were RO at 87%. The lymph node count reached 30 (9-45) lymph nodes. Overall 2-year survival is 68%. Conclusion The preliminary results of this technique are favorable, without any case of postoperative mortality. The oncological results demonstrate a high percentage of RO surgery and adequate lymph node count.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Esofagectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Decúbito VentralRESUMO
RESUMEN: La historia es una disciplina que permite ordenar un conjunto de conocimientos, legados y realidades históricas complejas del ser humano a lo largo del tiempo y a través de las regiones. Por tanto, conocer la historia de civilizaciones, culturas y sociedades nos permite comprender y racionalizar la información y, posteriormente, tomar esta información para seguir construyendo una nueva realidad. Bajo este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el origen y significado del término diafragma y, el conocimiento que se tenía de la anatomía y función de éste músculo, para comprender cómo, desde la trayectoria histórica, se construyó su definición actual. En los escritos de Homero, el diafragma fue reconocido como una estructura anatómica que no estaba vinculada a ninguna función en particular y en las primeras explicaciones fisiológicas de la respiración tampoco desempeñaba un rol este proceso. Hipócrates y Platón marcaron un punto de inflexión en la definición del término, ya que lo describieron como una estructura que separaba el tórax del abdomen, ajustándose correctamente con el significado del término diáphragma (διαφραγµα), "separación"; sin embargo, en la época clásica de Grecia fue asociado más frecuentemente a la mitología griega y a la espiritualidad humana considerando al diafragma como sede del pensamiento. Otro hito importante en la historia de este músculo fueron los estudios realizados por Galeno, a través de disecciones en animales y Vesalio en humanos, ya que describen, a partir de observaciones directas, con gran detalle la anatomía del diafragma y se aproximan de manera más adecuada a su función en el proceso de la respiración. Finalmente, Testut estructura y ordena este conocimiento, el cual se ha mantenido hasta la actualidad, en donde sólo ha cambiado la forma en la que se entrega esta información.
SUMMARY: Over time and throughout all regions, history has been a discipline allowing an established order of knowledge, legacies and complex historical experiences of human beings. Consequently, knowing the history of civilizations, cultures and societies allows us to understand and rationalize this information and use the information to continue building a new reality. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze the origin and meaning of the term diaphragm, and knowledge of the anatomy and functions of this muscle. Based on this knowledge and its path throughout history its current definition was constructed. In Homer's writings, the diaphragm was recognized as an anatomical structure that was not linked to any particular function and in the early physiological explanations of breathing, and did not play a role in the breathing process. Hippocrates and Plato marked a point of inflection in the definition of the term, since they described it as a structure that separated the thorax from the abdomen, relating it correctly with the meaning of the term diáphragma (diafragma), "separation". However, in the classical period of Greece, it was more frequently associated with Greek mythology and human spirituality, considering the diaphragm as the seat of thought. Another important milestone in the history of this muscle were the studies Galen through dissection in animals, and Vesalius in humans, where both describe the diaphragm and its functions in great detail, approaching the detail of the breathing process more closely. Finally, Testut structures the information in a manner that has been maintained to this day, and the only change has been in the dissemination of the information.
Assuntos
Humanos , História Antiga , História Medieval , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XXI , Anatomia/história , Diafragma/anatomia & histologia , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
Objetivo: Caracterizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico en la pérdida de masa magra en pacientes obesos mórbidos durante el primer año después de la cirugía bariátrica. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio de cohorte no concurrente de pacientes obesos mórbidos sometidos a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux (BPGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (GM) que contaran con medición de su composición corporal antes y a los 3, 6 y 12 meses después de la cirugía. Los pacientes se clasificaron como ejercicio físico (+) o ejercicio físico (−) según realizaran o no un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado durante el primer año después de la cirugía. Resultados: Se identificaron 35 pacientes obesos mórbidos sometidos a BPGYR o GM. Veinte (57%) pacientes fueron ejercicio físico (+) y 15 (43%) ejercicio físico (−). Los promedios de edad e IMC preoperatorio en ejercicio físico (+) y ejercicio físico (−) fueron de 33,5 ± 8,9 y 43,3 ± 12,4 años (p < 0,05), y 40,4 ± 7,1 y 35,8 ± 5 kg/m² (p < 0,05), respectivamente. No hubo diferencias en composición corporal entre ambos grupos. Un año después de la cirugía, la pérdida de masa magra en pacientes ejercicio físico (+) y ejercicio físico (−) representó un 17,9 ± 4,1% y 30,1 ± 4,5% del total de la pérdida de peso, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que la estimulación muscular mediante ejercicio físico regular logra disminuir la pérdida de masa magra observada después de la cirugía bariátrica, mejorando así la composición corporal de los pacientes.
Objective: We sought to characterize the effect of a physical exercise program on fat free mass loss in morbidly-obese patients one year after bariatric surgery. Patients and methods: Retrospective cohort study of a group of patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and had body composition analysis before and at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Identified patients were further classified as physical exercise (+) or physical exercise (−) based on whether they followed or not a physical exercise program during the first year after surgery. Results: We identified 35 morbidly obese patients who underwent RYGB or SG. 20 (57%) patients were physical exercise (+) and 15 (43%) patients were physical exercise (−). Mean age and preoperative BMI in physical exercise (+) and physical exercise (−) patients was 33.5 ± 8.9 and 43.3 ± 12.4 years (P < .05), and 40.4 ± 7.1 and 35.8 ± 5 kg/m² (P < .05), respectively. There were no differences in body composition between both groups. One year after surgery, fat free mass loss in physical exercise (+) and physical exercise (−) patients represented 17.9 ± 4.1% and 30.1 ± 4.5% of total weight loss, respectively (P < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that muscle stimulation through physical exercise can decrease the lean body mass loss induced by surgery, thus improving body composition outcomes after surgery.