RESUMO
Standardized graded exercise test (GXT) protocols are ineffective for testing endurance athletes. Scientists have called for the abandonment of traditional techniques for corroborating "true" maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), as measured during a GXT. Instead, a new technique, the verification bout subsequent to the GXT, has emerged for establishing the "true" VO2max. The addition of the verification bout reframes how the GXT should be viewed. In this article, we summarize the methods for developing custom GXT protocols, identifying threshold and interpolating power or outdoor running velocity, and implicating the verification bout.
Assuntos
Teste de Esforço/métodos , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Consumo de Oxigênio , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar , Ventilação PulmonarRESUMO
High-risk stress fractures require precise assessment and treatment because of their propensity for delayed union, nonunion, or complete fracture and their resulting disabling complications. Proper diagnosis necessitates a thorough clinical evaluation, centering on the patient's diet and history, particularly the training regimen. For a definitive diagnosis, plain radiography, ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imagery (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are helpful, and each plays a specific role. High-risk stress fractures typically require aggressive treatment such as nonweight-bearing immobilization coupled with therapy and often surgery.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Fraturas de Estresse , Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico , Traumatismos em Atletas/etiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/terapia , Fraturas de Estresse/diagnóstico , Fraturas de Estresse/etiologia , Fraturas de Estresse/terapia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estresse Mecânico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Tarsal navicular fractures require an accurate and timely diagnosis to prevent costly and disabling complications. Diagnosis requires a thorough clinical evaluation that focuses on the patient's history, particularly his or her training regimen, and diet-as was the case with these 17-year-old girls. Plain radiography, ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, MRI, and CT help make a definitive diagnosis. Treatment of low-risk fractures involves relative rest and cessation of the precipitating activity. High-risk fractures often require non-weight-bearing immobilization, coupled with therapy, and may require surgery.