Comparison of Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology in Adequacy of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies without an Accompanying Cytopathologist.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the adequacy of conventional smear (CS) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) methods in thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples obtained without an accompanying cytopathologist during the procedure. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the presence of a significant difference between the rates of nodules classified as Bethesda Category III and malignancy in both techniques and the features of the nodules affecting malignancy. Methods: A total of 625 nodules from 572 patients who were found suitable for biopsy were included in this retrospective study. FNABs were performed by interventional radiologists without an accompanying cytopathologist during the procedures. The specimens were either prepared using CS or LBC preparation methods. Cytopathological diagnostic adequacy and cytopathological results of the specimens were evaluated according to Bethesda category, and the relationship between the morphological findings was evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of all the biopsy preparations, 338 (54.1%) of them were transferred to pathology in liquid-based solution and 287 (45.9%) were transferred as CS. Malignancy rates of the biopsy samples were found similar in both LBC and CS methods. Considering the nodules classified as Bethesda Category II, III, IV, V, and VI, there was no statistical difference between the results of both methods. Non-diagnostic biopsy rate was higher in the specimens prepared by CS method (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the adequacy rate of FNAB was found significantly higher in LBC method compared to the CS method. LBC was more practical and faster than the CS method. We think that LBC method may be preferred in FNAB of thyroid nodules.

The Efficiency of Fractional Anisotropy, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, and Contrast Enhancement Index in Liver Fibrosis Staging.

Objectives: Even though magnetic resonance imaging has been described as the most effective imaging method for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, an accepted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is yet to be defined. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of MRI in the staging of liver fibrosis. Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and had upper abdominal MRI with hepatocyte specific contrast agent were evaluated. Twenty-nine patients that had undergone liver biopsy were included in the study. ADC, FA, and signal intensity values of liver parenchyma were measured by two observers and contrast enhancement index (CEI) was calculated as well. Patients were grouped as early (A) and late fibrosis(B) according to Ishak grading system and then the correlations between the stage and MRI findings were analysed. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze the inter-rater agreements. ADC, FA, and CEI were compared with Student t-test between early and late fibrosis groups. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the correlation between ADC and FA values. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between pathologic fibrosis grade and MRI parameters that were measured. Results: Twenty-two patients were staged as 1 and 2 (group A), seven patients were staged as 3 and above fibrosis(group B). Statistically, there was a strong, negative correlation between the FA values and the degree of fibrosis (r=-0.582, p=0.001). There was no correlation between the CEI and hepatocyte activity index (r=-0.88, p=0.655) and degree of fibrosis (r=0.0001, p=0.997). In terms of FA values, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups (group A=0.429 ± 0.06, group B=0.349 ± 0.06) (p=0.004). Conclusion: Correlation of FA values with fibrosis stage and significant difference in FA values between early-late stage fibrosis patients shows that diffusion tensor imaging can be a promising technique in the staging and follow-up of liver fibrosis.

Male Breast Cancer with Radiological and Histopathological Findings.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to remind and emphasize the importance of male breast cancer with radiological and histopathological results of the patients diagnosed in our institution. METHODS: Men who had proven breast cancer by histopathological analysis between February 2010-April 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The mammographic, ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance and positron-emission-tomography imaging features and histopathological results of the masses were noted. RESULTS: Twenty-five men were included in this study. Mean age of the patients was 62.9 (min:42; max: 82) with a mean size of lesions was 26.4 mm (min:10 mm; max: 70 mm). All the lesions were presented as a palpable mass. According to imaging features of the five patients who had mammography, all the four patients were presented as a mass but one patient as asymmetrical density. According to imaging features of the 20 patients who had an ultrasound, 16 (80%) lesions were presented as hypoechoic solid masses with irregular margins, while four (20%) were presented as complex-cystic masses with irregular margins. All the patients were diagnosed as invasive ductal cancer with luminal subtype by histopathological analysis. CONCLUSION: Even at young ages, the palpable lesion may be the only symptom of male breast cancer. Male breast cancer is generally presented as retroareolar mass and detected in advanced stages, probably due to low awareness and lack of screening programme. Invasive ductal cancer is the most common type of male breast cancer with the luminal subtype.

Diagnostic imaging findings of pelvic retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in a child: a case report with the emphasis on initial ultrasound findings.

Ganglioneuromas are rare benign tumors of neural crest origin developed along the sympathetic chain. The pelvic retroperitoneum is the rarest location of these tumors. Clinically these tumors are commonly asypmtomatic even if they reach large sizes. Here we report the radiological features of a 16 year old boy with pathologically proven retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma that was detected initially by ultrasound. Relevant literature is also discussed.