[Concomitant Surgery for Symptomatic Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis and Aortic Valve Stenosis with Contralateral Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion:A Case Report].

We report a case of concomitant carotid endarterectomy(CEA)and aortic valve replacement(AVR)for symptomatic severe carotid artery and aortic valve stenosis(AS). A 77-year-old man, presented to our hospital with AS complicated by right internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis and left ICA occlusion, seeking treatment for AS. He suffered from left hemiparesis, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed multiple ischemic lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere. He was admitted to our neurosurgical department and received treatment for acute cerebral infarction caused by severe right ICA stenosis. The symptomatic severe right ICA stenosis was an indication for surgical treatment, but simple carotid revascularization of the stenosed ICA was considered to be deteriorated the cardiac function due to untreated AS. Thus, we decided to perform concomitant carotid and valvular surgery. The patient underwent a combined CEA and AVR procedure with the introduction of an intraoperative intra-aortic balloon pump. His postoperative course was uneventful even 12 months after the surgery. Management and surgical strategies for patients with concomitant ICA stenosis and AS continue to be controversial subjects. Combined carotid and cardiac valve surgery is considered to be effective in such cases, and we discuss its implications and review of literature.

Stent-assisted coil embolization of a recurrent posterior cerebral artery aneurysm following surgical clipping.

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are rare, and direct surgery of these is considered difficult. Coil embolization of PCA aneurysms is becoming popular. However, it is difficult to completely obliterate the aneurysm while preserving the flow of the parent artery in large or giant PCA aneurysms with a wide neck with this technique. We report a case of a large and wide-necked PCA aneurysm with multiple recurrences following successful surgical clipping and coil embolization. A 77-year-old man with a large unruptured right PCA (P2) aneurysm was successfully treated by surgical clipping. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed complete aneurismal occlusion. Four years afterward, the aneurysm recurred and grew toward the contralateral. Surgical retreatment of this complicated aneurysm was considered difficult, with a substantial risk of complications. Therefore, the aneurysm was treated with an endovascular procedure. Because simple coil embolization was not expected to achieve satisfactory obliteration of the aneurysm with preservation of parent artery patency, we used stent-assisted coil embolization. The patient tolerated the treatment well. On DSA obtained six months after the first endovascular treatment, coil compaction and recanalization of the aneurysm were detected. A second coil embolization was successfully performed without any complications. The aneurysm was stable during the next six-month follow-up. Stent-assisted coil embolization may be feasible and effective for such postoperatively complicated aneurysms.

Transumbilical arterial embolization of a large dural arteriovenous fistula in a low-birth-weight neonate with congestive heart failure.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report transumbilical arterial embolization of a large dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in a low-birth-weight neonate with congestive heart failure (CHF). CASE PRESENTATION: A female neonate was delivered by cesarean section at 31 weeks of gestation. Her birth weight was 1538 g and Apgar scores were 6 at both 1 and 5 min. Because of dyspnea and retracted respiration immediately after birth, she required mechanical ventilation. Ultrasound revealed right cardiac overload and a large cystic mass at the posterior brain. Magnetic resonance imaging on day 1 showed a large dural AVF (dural sinus malformation with arteriovenous (AV) shunts) at the torcular herophili. Umbilical artery and vein catheterization were performed on the same day for neurointervention. CHF prompted emergency embolization on day 8. The transfemoral arterial route could not be used because of its small size and compromised femoral artery blood flow. Transumbilical arterial embolization shrank the AV shunts markedly, resulting in clinical improvement, thus requiring no further intervention. Follow-up angiography at 4 months confirmed no residual AVF. Her growth and development were normal at the last follow-up at age 4 years. CONCLUSION: This patient apparently was the lowest birth weight neonate with a large AVF successfully treated by embolization, which is usually performed through the transfemoral arterial route. The transumbilical arterial route is an alternative for neonates with birth weight <2000 g and very small femoral arteries.