Evaluation of ABCB5 immunostained epithelial stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, inflammatory gingival hyperplasia and normal mucosa.

Oral cancer is the most prevalent head and neck cancer. Although tumor markers have been investigated for detecting the progression and prognosis of oral cancer, no reliable marker has been identified. We investigated the expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) positive stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in inflammatory gingival hyperplasia. We used tissue samples from normal subjects, patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, and patients with OSCC. Samples were investigated using anti-ABCB5 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry to detect epithelial stem cells. Staining density, intensity, and immunoreactive scores of ABCB5 were analyzed for the three study groups. We found ABCB5 immunostaining in all three study groups, but different distributions of ABCB5 expression in different layers of the epithelium. We found no significant difference in staining intensity between inflammatory hyperplasia and normal mucosa, but we found significantly stronger expression in OSCC compared to normal and inflammatory hyperplasia individually. Elevated expression of ABCB5 in OSCC suggests an increased subpopulation of tumor cells with an undifferentiated stem cell phenotype, which facilitates cancer initiation and progression.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates.

AIM: The aim is to study the demographic characteristics of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to analyze the prognostic factors determining mortality. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of CDH admitted at a tertiary level hospital during January 2005-December 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of CDH admitted to our tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit before undergoing surgery were included in the study. Babies admitted after surgery and those with eventration of the diaphragm were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Thirty cases (66.66% males, 53.33% inborn, and 63.3% >37 weeks) formed the study cohort. Mean birth weight was 2762 ± 579.67 g and mean gestational age was 37.12 ± 1.76 weeks. About 56.66% of the cases were detected antenatally. The survival rate was 60%. Predictors of poor survival included herniation of the liver or stomach (P < 0.05), low Apgar score at 5 min (<5), presence of moderate-to-severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (P < 0.001), presence of shock (P < 0.003), low partial pressure of oxygen, high alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and high oxygenation index during first 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the neonates with CDH at our center were >37 weeks and survival was 60%. The predictors of adverse outcome were low Apgar score, presence of moderate-to-severe PPHN, need for higher ventilatory settings, and shock. Antenatal detection of diaphragmatic hernia did not impact survival rates.

Solitary neurofibroma of the palate mimicking mucocele: A rare case report.

Neurofibroma is a benign, slow-growing, peripheral nerve neoplasm. It presents as a solitary tumor or component of neurofibromatosis (NF) and von Recklinghausen's disease. The occurrence of solitary neurofibromas in the oral cavity is less frequent, and those in the palate are reported in less numbers. This report describes an unusual case of solitary neurofibroma in the hard palate which clinically mimicked a mucocele.

Salivary and serum level of CYFRA 21-1 in oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: CYFRA 21-1, a constituent of the intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells, is known to be increased in many cancers. This study was designed to estimate the levels of salivary and serum CYFRA 21-1 in patients with oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare them with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each group comprised of 100 subjects. Saliva and blood samples were collected from patients with OSCC, premalignant subjects, and normal healthy subjects. Serum and salivary CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Appropriate statistical tests were employed to assess diagnostic potency of CYFRA 21-1. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in CYFRA 21-1 level in OSCC compared with PML and healthy subjects. Salivary CYFRA 21-1 levels in OSCC was threefold higher when compared to serum levels. PML group showed increased salivary CYFRA 21-1 when compared to control subjects, but it was significantly lower compared with OSCC. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed salivary CYFRA 21-1 to have superior sensitivity in detecting OSCC compared with serum CYFRA 21-1. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of this study suggests that salivary CYFRA 21-1 can be utilized as a biomarker in early detection of oral cancer.

Validation of the diagnostic utility of salivary interleukin 8 in the differentiation of potentially malignant oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma in a region with high endemicity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical utility of salivary interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the differential diagnosis of potentially malignant lesions (PMLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a region with high oral cancer prevalence. STUDY DESIGN: Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 participants in each group (OSCC, PMLs, and healthy controls). Serum and salivary IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS: A significant increase in levels of serum and salivary IL-8 was found in OSCC compared with PMLs and healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found salivary IL-8 to have superior sensitivity in detecting OSCC. A significant increase in IL-8 levels based on the histologic grading of OSCC was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that salivary IL-8 can be a potent marker that can be used as a tool in the differential diagnosis of PMLs and OSCC.

Child with acute lobar nephronia.

A five-year-old girl child presented to us with a history of two weeks high grade fever treated outside with intensive antibiotic therapy for an ultrasound abdomen finding of hypoechoic lesion in the midpole of the left kidney. As fever and sonographic findings persisted, a CT abdomen was done, which showed features of lobar nephronia but reported as Wilm's tumor. Child underwent open biopsy and the diagnosis of lobar nephronia was confirmed. Child was continued on antibiotics and fever and sonographic findings improved.