A large case-control study indicates a breed-specific predisposition to feline tooth resorption.

Tooth resorption (TR) is one of the most common dental diseases of cats. It is a painful condition leading to tooth loss. The etiology of TR remains unclear, but old age, breed, other oral and dental diseases, and environmental factors are suspected predisposing factors. In our study, we used part of the data from the extensive feline health online survey of 8115 Finnish cats. As TR is difficult to detect and as the feline health survey included diagnoses defined by both veterinarians and the owners, we limited our study to a subpopulation of cats diagnosed with oral or dental disease by a veterinarian and had dental examination or surgery under sedation (n=944). We utilized case-control study analysed by multivariable logistic regression to determine the risk factors and breed variation of feline TR. The 202 cats diagnosed with TR were defined as TR cases and the remaining 742 cats as controls. The frequency of veterinarian-diagnosed TR was 3.9% in the health survey data (316/8115) and 21% in the subpopulation (202/944). The risk of TR increased with age (14.7% in youngest and 25.3% in oldest age group). Our finding that TR was significantly associated with gingivitis or periodontitis in cats that had also calculus (OR: 2.49 and 3.70, respectively) suggests that inflammatory changes caused by calculus increase the risk of TR. We found that Cornish Rex, European, and Ragdoll are at higher risk for TR (OR: 2.44, 2.98 and 2.90, respectively). Exotic-Persians breed group had lower risk (OR: 0.28). TR was not observed in Turkish van or Devon Rex. The differences between breeds highlight a genetic contribution. In addition, female cats that had food available constantly had significantly less TR than female cats that had feeding times (OR: 0.44). The underlying reasons for this remain unexplained in our study.

Skin atrophy of the eyelid induced by topical ophthalmic corticosteroids.

A case of eyelid skin atrophy caused by long-term application of topical ophthalmic corticosteroids for chronic uveitis is reported. Skin punch biopsy of the uveitic eye showed moderate atrophy of both epidermis and dermis (compared to normal skin on the other eye) resulting from a reduction in the three main fibrous components of the skin, namely type I and type III collagens, and elastic fibers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of skin atrophy in this association.

beta-Amyloid protein immunoreactivity in skin is not a reliable marker of Alzheimer's disease. An autopsy-controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: As a possible diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we investigated beta-amyloid protein (beta/A4) immunoreactivity in skin. Furthermore, we studied the presence of beta-amyloid precursor protein 695 immunoreactivity in skin. DESIGN: Lifetime skin biopsy specimens were stained for beta/A4 and beta-amyloid precursor protein 695. The follow-up period was 12 months. We determined the correlation between beta/A4 immunoreactivity in skin and brain in patients with a neuropathologic diagnosis. SETTING: All patients with dementia were hospitalized; most of them had moderate to severe dementia. Aged nondemented controls were residents of a nursing home. The Down's syndrome (DS) group included both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. Young nondemented controls were medical students or staff members who volunteered for the study. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: The study included a total of 111 subjects. Thirty-five patients had probable AD, nine had possible AD, 15 had multi-infarct dementia, one had idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and one had Parkinson's disease and possible AD. There were also 19 elderly nondemented controls, 23 patients with DS, and eight young nondemented controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemical detection of beta/A4 in skin and correlation to the diagnosis of AD. RESULTS: Immunopositivity for beta/A4 antibody was present in and around the endothelium of dermal blood vessels in a proportion of patients with AD and multi-infarct dementia as well as elderly controls. The patients with sporadic AD displayed beta/A4 immunoreactivity significantly more frequently than did patients with familial AD, patients with multi-infarct dementia, and controls. The beta/A4 immunopositivity in skin was rare in the patients with DS and not present in young controls. Instead, 48% of patients with DS but none of other groups had beta-amyloid precursor protein 695 immunoreactivity in skin. Only four (31%) of 13 patients with neuropathologically confirmed AD had shown endothelial beta/A4 immunopositivity in skin biopsy specimens while alive. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support beta/A4 as a diagnostic marker for AD.

Essential cryofibrinogenaemia, leukocytoclastic vasculitis and chronic purpura.

Cryofibrinogenaemia refers to the presence of cold-precipitable proteins in plasma but not in serum. It is usually associated with malignancy, thromboembolic diseases or various inflammatory processes; rarely it may be essential. The most common clinical presentations of cryofibrinogenaemia are cold-intolerance, purpura, skin necrosis and ulcers. We describe a middle-aged woman with essential cryofibrinogenaemia, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and chronic purpura for over 25 years with several exacerbations. In patients with otherwise unexplained purpura or skin necrosis, determination of plasma cryofibrinogen should be considered.

Effect of handling of plasma samples on histamine radio-enzyme assay.

1. Freeze-thawing of plasma samples increased the histamine level at physiological histamine concentrations as analyzed by radio-enzyme assay, but not by high performance liquid chromatography. 2. Heating of plasma samples decreased the histamine levels. 3. Enzymatic or non-enzymatic formation of histamine during handling of plasma samples was not detected. 4. Some albumin preparations contain histamine.

The incidence of acoustic neuroma in autopsy material.

According to reports in the literature, the incidence of occult acoustic neuroma is about 1%. This figure is relatively high compared with clinically encountered neuromas. Our material consisted of 298 temporal bones from 168 cases (129 paired specimens). No occult neuromas were discovered in our material. On the basis of earlier studies, we expected to find one or two occult neuromas, but there was only one case of a large cerebellopontine acoustic neuroma, and the patient died after a neurosurgical operation.