A Study on Yield Criteria Influence on Anisotropic Behavior and Fracture Prediction in Deep Drawing SECC Steel Cylindrical Cups.

The deep drawing process, a pivotal technique in sheet metal forming, frequently encounters challenges such as anisotropy-induced defects. This study comprehensively investigates the influence of various yield criteria on the anisotropic behavior and fracture prediction in SECC steel cylindrical cups. It integrates Hill'48R, Hill'48S, and von Mises yield criteria in conjunction with Swift's hardening law to evaluate material behavior under complex stress states. Experimental and numerical simulations assess the anisotropy effects across multiple orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°), revealing intricate relationships between stress criteria and material response. The findings indicate significant discrepancies between isotropic and anisotropic models in predicting fracture heights, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate yield criteria. Notably, the von Mises criterion results in lower fracture heights, suggesting higher susceptibility to fractures, while the Hill'48R model aligns closely with experimental data, validated through variations in punch corner radius and blank holder force parameters, with a maximum deviation of 3.23%. Hill'48S displays moderate plastic deformation characteristics.

Harnessing iron materials for enhanced decolorization of azo dye wastewater: A comprehensive review.

Highly colored azo dye-contaminated wastewater poses significant environmental threats and requires effective treatment before discharge. The anaerobic azo dye treatment method is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution, while its time-consuming and inefficient processes present substantial challenges for industrial scaling. Thus, the use of iron materials presents a promising alternative. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that systems coupled with iron materials enhance the decolorization efficiency and reduce the processing time. To fully realize the potential of iron materials for anaerobic azo dye treatment, a comprehensive synthesis and evaluation based on individual-related research studies, which have not been conducted to date, are necessary. This review provides, for the first time, an extensive and detailed overview of the utilization of iron materials for azo dye treatment, with a focus on decolorization. It assesses the treatment potential, analyzes the influencing factors and their impacts, and proposes metabolic pathways to enhance anaerobic dye treatment using iron materials. The physicochemical characteristics of iron materials are also discussed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the enhanced bioreduction of azo dyes. This study further addresses the current obstacles and outlines future prospects for industrial-scale application of iron-coupled treatment systems.

Development of an anti-tauopathy mucosal vaccine specifically targeting pathologic conformers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are associated with pathological tau protein aggregation, which plays an important role in neurofibrillary degeneration and dementia. Targeted immunotherapy to eliminate pathological tau aggregates is known to improve cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The tau repeat domain (TauRD) plays a pivotal role in tau-microtubule interactions and is critically involved in the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Because TauRD forms the structural core of tau aggregates, the development of immunotherapies that selectively target TauRD-induced pathological aggregates holds great promise for the modulation of tauopathies. In this study, we generated recombinant TauRD polypeptide that form neurofibrillary tangle-like structures and evaluated TauRD-specific immune responses following intranasal immunization in combination with the mucosal adjuvant FlaB. In BALB/C mice, repeated immunizations at one-week intervals induced robust TauRD-specific antibody responses in a TLR5-dependent manner. Notably, the resulting antiserum recognized only the aggregated form of TauRD, while ignoring monomeric TauRD. The antiserum effectively inhibited TauRD filament formation and promoted the phagocytic degradation of TauRD aggregate fragments by microglia. The antiserum also specifically recognized pathological tau conformers in the human AD brain. Based on these results, we engineered a built-in flagellin-adjuvanted TauRD (FlaB-TauRD) vaccine and tested its efficacy in a P301S transgenic mouse model. Mucosal immunization with FlaB-TauRD improved quality of life, as indicated by the amelioration of memory deficits, and alleviated tauopathy progression. Notably, the survival of the vaccinated mice was dramatically extended. In conclusion, we developed a mucosal vaccine that exclusively targets pathological tau conformers and prevents disease progression.

Fibrous Dysplasia of the Parietal Bone with Focal Motor Seizures: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Monostotic fibrous dysplasia is a benign proliferation of fibrous and osseous tissues that expand medullary bone to cause symptoms due to compression of adjacent organs and anatomical structures. Focal seizures are rarely the first sign of this kind of lesion. This report describes a young female patient with left-sided focal motor seizures associated with fibrous dysplasia presenting as a mass in the right parietal bone. CASE REPORT An 18-year-old female student with left-sided focal motor seizures presented with a mass in the right parietal bone. Computed tomography revealed an expansile mixed-density lesion on the right parietal bone, a relatively homogeneous ground-glass appearance in the outer circumferential portion, and a lucent eccentric area with thinned but sclerotic borders. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogeneously hypointense signal on T1WI, a small hyperintense signal on T2WI, and avid enhancement signal intensity on post-contrast T1. Electroencephalogram showed inter-ictal epileptiform activities derived from the right fronto-central lobe. Surgical en bloc resection with a margin of normal bone and cranioplasty were performed. Histopathology showed features indicative of fibrous dysplasia, including osteoid trabeculae arranged haphazardly in a dense fibroblastic stroma, irregular trabeculae lacking conspicuous osteoblastic rimming, and intervening fibrous stroma containing cytologically bland spindle cells. The patient achieved seizure control and has remained neurologically intact. CONCLUSIONS This report has highlighted the importance of early diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of bone to exclude primary bone malignancy or bone metastasis, to ensure rapid management and symptom control.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with selective renal artery clamping for renal cell carcinoma: initial outcomes.

Introduction: To explore the feasibility and safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) with selective artery clamp (SAC) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: The authors recruited three men and two women who underwent RLPN for T1 RCC between December 2022 and May 2023 at a tertiary hospital. The median age of the patients was 32 years (range, 25-70 years). The tumour size ranged from 3 to 4.5 cm. The R.E.N.A.L scores were 4x, 5p, 8a, 5a, and 8ah. The median preoperative eGFR was 96.9 (74.3-105.2). Renal computed tomography angiography was performed before the surgery to evaluate the artery branches. The operation time, number of clamped arteries, warm ischaemic time (WIT), intraoperative blood loss, RCC type, postoperative hospital stay, changes in renal function, and complications were evaluated. The follow-up duration was 6 months. Results: The median operation time was 120 (75-150) minutes. One artery was clamped in four patients, while three were clamped in one patient. The median WIT was 22 (15-30) min, and the median blood loss was 150 (100-300) ml. No complications were recorded, and the resection margin was negative in all patients. The median decrease in eGFR was 6 (4-30%). Conclusions: RLPN with SAC for T1 RCC is safe and feasible in clinical practice.

Controlled release of vancomycin from PEGylated fibrinogen polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common issue post-surgery which often prolongs hospitalization and can lead to serious complications such as sternal wound infection following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Controlled release of suitable antibiotics could allow maximizing drug efficacy and safety, and therefore achieving a desired therapeutic response. In this study, we have developed a vancomycin laden PEGylated fibrinogen-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PF-PEGDA) hydrogel system that can release vancomycin at a controlled and predictable rate to be applied in SSI prevention. Two configurations were developed to study effect of the hydrogel on drug release, namely, vancomycin laden hydrogel and vancomycin solution on top of blank hydrogel. The relationship between the rigidity of the hydrogel and drug diffusion was found to comply with a universal power law, i.e., softer hydrogels result in a greater diffusion coefficient hence faster release rate. Besides, vancomycin laden hydrogels exhibited burst release, whereas the vancomycin solution on top of blank hydrogels exhibited lag release. A mathematical model was developed to simulate vancomycin permeation through the hydrogels. The permeation of vancomycin can be predicted accurately by using the mathematical model, which provided a useful tool to customize drug loading, hydrogel thickness and stiffness for personalized medication to manage SSI. To evaluate the potential of hydrogels for bone healing applications in cardiovascular medicine, we performed a proof-of-concept median sternotomy in rabbits and applied the hydrogels. The hydrogel formulations accelerated the onset of osteo-genetic processes in rabbits, demonstrating its potential to be used in human.

Piezo1 and its inhibitors: Overview and perspectives.

The cation channel Piezo1, a crucial mechanotransducer found in various organs and tissues, has gained considerable attention as a therapeutic target in recent years. Following this trend, several Piezo1 inhibitors have been discovered and studied for potential pharmacological properties. This review provides an overview of the structural and functional importance of Piezo1, as well as discussing the biological activities of Piezo1 inhibitors based on their mechanism of action. The compounds addressed include the toxin GsMTx4, Aß peptides, certain fatty acids, ruthenium red and gadolinium, Dooku1, as well as the natural products tubeimoside I, salvianolic acid B, jatrorrhzine, and escin. The findings revealed that misexpression of Piezo1 can be associated with a number of chronic diseases, including hypertension, cancer, and hemolytic anemia. Consequently, inhibiting Piezo1 and the subsequent calcium influx can have beneficial effects on various pathological processes, as shown by many in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the development of Piezo1 inhibitors is still in its beginnings, with many opportunities and challenges remaining to be explored.

Reproducibility and prognostic ability of chronicity parameters in kidney biopsy - Comprehensive evaluation comparing microscopy and artificial intelligence in digital pathology.

INTRODUCTION: Semi-quantitative scoring of various parameters in renal biopsy is accepted as an important tool to assess disease activity and prognostication. There are concerns on the impact of interobserver variability in its prognostic utility, generating a need for computerized quantification. METHODS: We studied 94 patients with renal biopsies, 45 with native diseases and 49 transplant patients with index biopsies for Polyomavirus nephropathy. Chronicity scores were evaluated using two methods. A standard definition diagram was agreed after international consultation and four renal pathologists scored each parameter in a double-blinded manner. Interstitial fibrosis (IF) score was assessed with five different computerized and AI-based algorithms on trichrome and PAS stains. RESULTS: There was strong prognostic correlation with renal function and graft outcome at a median follow-up ranging from 24 to 42 months respectively, independent of moderate concordance for pathologists scores. IF scores with two of the computerized algorithms showed significant correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at biopsy but not at the end of follow-up. There was poor concordance for AI based platforms. CONCLUSION: Chronicity scores are robust prognostic tools despite interobserver reproducibility. AI-algorithms have absolute precision but are limited by significant variation when different hardware and software algorithms are used for quantification.

Biphasic water-oil systems for functional augmentation of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus nanoencapsulated in luteolin-Fe3+ shells.

Single-cell nanoencapsulation (SCNE) has great potential in the enhancement of therapeutic effects of probiotic microbes. However, the material scope has been limited to water-soluble compounds to avoid non-biocompatible organic solvents that are harmful to living cells. In this work, the SCNE of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus with water-insoluble luteolin and Fe3+ ions is achieved by the vortex-assisted, biphasic water-oil system. The process creates L. acidophilus nanoencapsulated in the luteolin-Fe3+ shells that empower the cells with extrinsic properties, such as resistance to lysozyme attack, anti-ROS ability, and α-amylase-inhibition activity, as well as sustaining viability under acidic conditions. The proposed protocol, embracing water-insoluble flavonoids as shell components in SCNE, will be an advanced add-on to the chemical toolbox for the manipulation of living cells at the single-cell level.

Enhanced acetone gas-sensing characteristics of Pd-NiO nanorods/SnO2 nanowires sensors.

Acetone is a well-known volatile organic compound that is widely used in different industrial and domestic areas, but it can cause dangerous effects on human health. Thus, the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective sensors for recognition of acetone is incredibly important. Here, we prepared the SnO2/Pd-NiO (SPN) nanowires-based gas sensor for the detection of acetone, in which, the amount of Pd nanoparticles were varied to enhance the performance of the devices. We demonstrated that the acetone gas sensing performance of the SPN device was significantly enhanced, showing increases of 3.72 and 6.53 folds compared to pristine SnO2 and NiO sensors, respectively. The Pd-NiO 0.01% wt Pd SPN sensor (SPN-1) exhibited an excellent response (Ra/Rg = 14.88) toward 500 ppm acetone gas. The SPN-1 sensor also showed a fast gas response time of 11/150 seconds with 500 ppm Acetone at 450 °C, while the recovery time was 468/526 seconds. Additionally, the sensor showed good selectivity toward acetone over other reducing gases, such as NH3, CH4, and VOCs. With those results, the SPN-1 sensor shows superiority compared to sensors based on pure materials.

Germinoma of basal ganglia.

Basal ganglia germinomas (BGGs) are rare lesions. Because of the atypical features of early-stage clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics, BGGs are easily misdiagnosed with non-tumorous conditions. This article presented cases of 2 young male patients who came to the hospital due to right arm weakness. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in the first case revealed a lobulated mixed component mass on the left basal ganglia. The solid part showed restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging, heterogeneous strong enhancement, and no signal of calcification or bleeding. The second case in the left putamen showed hypointensity on T2*, mild enhancement, and atrophy of the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle, increased choline, and decreased n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) on spectroscopy. Follow-up MRI after 6 months showed a mass increase in size and hypointensity part on T2*. BGGs have been confirmed on biopsy in both cases. With isolated chemotherapy application, there is no sign of remission in the first patient. The second patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and MRI images after treatment showed a complete response.

Enhanced recovery after surgery may mitigate the risks associated with robotic-assisted fundoplication in lung transplant patients.

INTRODUCTION: A history of lung transplantation is a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication. We wanted to determine whether enhanced recovery after a robotic-assisted surgery program would mitigate these risks. METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgery database for patients who underwent elective antireflux procedures from 1/2018 to 2/2021 under the enhanced recovery after surgery program using robotic assistance. We identified the patient and surgical characteristics, morbidity, length of stay, and 30-day readmission rates. RESULTS: Among 386 patients who underwent barrier creation, 41 had previously undergone a lung transplant, either bilateral (n = 28) or single (n = 13). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications (9.8% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.27), median hospital length of stay (1 d vs. 1 d, p = 0.28), or 30-day readmission (7.3% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.46). Bivariate analysis showed that older age (p = 0.03), history of DVT/PE (p < 0.001), history of cerebrovascular events (p = 0.03), opioid dependence (p = 0.02), neurocognitive dysfunction (p < 0.001), and dependent functional status (p = 0.02) were associated with postoperative complications. However, lung transplantation was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications (p = 0.28). DISCUSSION: The risk of surgical complications in patients with a history of lung transplantation may be mitigated by the combination of ERAS and minimally invasive surgery such as robot-assisted surgery.

A facile paper-based chromatography coupled Au nanodendrite on nickel foam for application in separation and SERS measurement.

A simple paper-based chromatography coupling with nickel foam decorated Au nanodendrite (PP-AuND/NiF) was fabricated for simultaneous separation and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of Rhodamine-6G (R6G) from a mixture of analytes. The three-dimensional porous nickel foam (NiF) was employed as a sampling diffusion platform, and AuND with a high surface active area beneficial for SERS efficiency was electro-deposited directly onto the NiF frame. The structure of AuND/NiF was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The AuND/NiF could detect R6G at 0.1 nM, and the enhancement factor was 1.84 x 106. The AuND/NiF was durable, with a slight signal decrease after 6 m of drop-testing. Also, upon three days of exposure to ambient air, the signal droped only 3.35 %. Subsequently, the PP-AuND/NiF was constructed by directly situating AuND/NiF on a paper strip, serving as a sample in and out to AuND/NiF. A mixture of two SERS active compounds, namely 2-Naphthalenethiol (2-NpSH) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G), was prepared in ethanol: water (1:1) solution to evaluate PP-AuND/NiF separation capability. Raman measurements along different distances of AuND/NiF were performed, and the signal of 2-NpSH was dismissed after 3.0 mm, while R6G's signals were observed throughout AuND/NiF. In general, the PP-AuND/NiF demonstrated effective separation and SERS measurement of analytes in a mixture, which could be applicable for more complex samples in the future, especially in clinical analysis.

BM-BronchoLC - A rich bronchoscopy dataset for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesion recognition.

Flexible bronchoscopy has revolutionized respiratory disease diagnosis. It offers direct visualization and detection of airway abnormalities, including lung cancer lesions. Accurate identification of airway lesions during flexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in the lung cancer diagnosis. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to support physicians in recognizing anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions within bronchoscopic imagery. This work described the development of BM-BronchoLC, a rich bronchoscopy dataset encompassing 106 lung cancer and 102 non-lung cancer patients. The dataset incorporates detailed localization and categorical annotations for both anatomical landmarks and lesions, meticulously conducted by senior doctors at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam. To assess the dataset's quality, we evaluate two prevalent AI backbone models, namely UNet++ and ESFPNet, on the image segmentation and classification tasks with single-task and multi-task learning paradigms. We present BM-BronchoLC as a reference dataset in developing AI models to assist diagnostic accuracy for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions in bronchoscopy data.

Quality of Outpatient Pediatric Palliative Care Telehealth: A Retrospective Chart Review.

CONTEXT: Studies suggest the feasibility and acceptability of telehealth in outpatient pediatric palliative care. However, there is a need for data that describes the implementation and quality of telehealth, relying on objective and validated measures. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the provision of pediatric palliative care by delivery method. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective electronic health record review of patients seen by our outpatient palliative care team over a two-year period. Demographic, diagnostic, and health utilization data as well as encounter characteristics were compared between patients seen in person (IP), through telehealth (TH), and both (IP/TH). RESULTS: Three hundred ninety-four patients were evaluated with 889 outpatient pediatric palliative care encounters. Non-English speaking patients were less likely to receive palliative care through TH, as were patients without active patient portals. Median follow-up time was longer for patients seen through TH or IP/TH. Patients with malignancies were seen more frequently IP while children with neurologic diagnoses, technology dependence, and a higher number of complex chronic conditions were seen more frequently via TH. Health outcomes, end of life quality metrics, and encounter-level quality indicators were similar across care delivery methods. Review of systems, pain, and mood management, and advance care planning happened more frequently IP while goals of care discussions and medical decision-making happened more through TH. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in patients seen and palliative interventions provided in person compared to telehealth, health outcomes, and quality indicators were similar across care delivery methods. These data support the continued practice of telehealth in palliative care and highlight the need for equity in its evolution.

Fatty acid profiling of Western Australian pasteurised milk using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The fatty acid composition of Western Australian commercial pasteurised milk was profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 31 fatty acids (FA) were identified in the milk samples. The majority of FA were medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) with 6-13 carbon atoms and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) with 14-20 carbon atoms. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant differences in the levels of MCFA and LCFA in the different milk samples. The levels of MCFA and LCFA ranged from 10.09 % to 12.12% and 87.88% to 89.91% of total FA, respectively. C10:0 and C12:0 were the major components of MCFA comprising 3.46% and 4.22% of total FA, while C16:0 and C18:1 (cis 9-octadecenoic acid) represented the majority of LCFA with the levels of 26.18% and 23.34% of total FA, respectively. This study provides new insight into the FA composition of Western Australian pasteurised milk and differences in FA profiles which influence human health.

Metabolites from Streptomyces aureus (VTCC43181) and Their Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpC1 Protein.

Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The outbreak of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis has become a major challenge to prevent this disease worldwide. ClpC1 is a Clp ATPase protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, functioning as a chaperon when combined with the Clp complex. ClpC1 has emerged as a new target to discover anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study aimed to explore the ClpC1 inhibitors from actinomycetes, which have been known to provide abundant sources of antibiotics. Two cyclic peptides, including nocardamin (1), halolitoralin A (3), and a lactone pleurone (2), were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces aureus (VTCC43181). The structures of these compounds were determined based on the detailed analysis of their spectral data and comparison with references. This is the first time these compounds have been isolated from S. aureus. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their affection of ATPase activity of the recombinant ClpC1 protein. Of these compounds, halolitoralin A (1), a macrocyclic peptide, was effective for the ATPase hydrolysis of the ClpC1 protein.

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach versus conventional open thyroidectomy for the treatment of benign thyroid tumours: A prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid tumours are a common condition and open surgery is a conventional method for treating benign thyroid tumours when surgery is indicated. In this study, we evaluate the outcomes of benign thyroid tumour treatment using transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular approach (TOETVA) and compare the results with those of conventional open thyroidectomy (COT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study between 100 patients who underwent TOETVA and 100 who underwent COT surgery for benign diseases from June 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital. Outcomes between the two groups, including post-operative complications, operative time and length of stay, were compared. RESULTS: The surgical time in the TOETVA group was significantly longer than in the COT group. The operative time of lobectomy in the TOETVA and COT groups was 77.5 ± 13.3 and 51.5 ± 4.2 min, respectively, with a P < 0.001. The operative time of total thyroidectomy in the TOETVA and COT groups was 108.1 ± 7.0 and 65.0 ± 4.1 min, respectively, with a P < 0.001. There was no difference in post-operative length of stay between the two groups. In TOETVA group, there were no patients who converted to open surgery. Amongst all 200 patients in the study, there were no cases of post-operative bleeding. The transient hypoparathyroidism rate after surgery in the TOETVA and COT groups was 3% and 2%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.651). Similarly, the transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rate showed no difference between the two groups, with rates of 5% and 4% in the TOETVA and COT groups, respectively (P = 0.733). There were no cases of post-operative infection in either group in our study. At 3 months postoperatively, the cosmetic satisfaction were significantly higher in the endoscopic groups than in the conventional group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TOETVA is a safe and effective method, with a low complication rate and optimal aesthetic results compared to traditional surgery to treat benign thyroid tumours.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at a General Hospital in Vietnam Between 2014 and 2021.

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacteria species that can cause various illnesses, from mild skin infections to severe diseases, such as bacteremia. The distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of S. aureus varies by population, time, geographic location, and hospital wards. In this study, we elucidated the epidemiology and AMR patterns of S. aureus isolated from a general hospital in Vietnam. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data on all S. aureus infections from 2014 to 2021 were collected from the Microbiology department of Military Hospital 103, Vietnam. Only the first isolation from each kind of specimen from a particular patient was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage and chi-square tests. Results: A total of 1130 individuals were diagnosed as S. aureus infection. Among them, 1087 strains were tested for AMR features. Most patients with S. aureus infection were in the age group of 41-65 years (39.82%). S. aureus isolates were predominant in the surgery wards, and pus specimens were the most common source of isolates (50.62%). S. aureus was most resistant to azithromycin (82.28%), erythromycin (82.82%), and clindamycin (82.32%) and least resistant to teicoplanin (0.0%), tigecycline (0.16%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.43%), linezolid (0.62%), and vancomycin (2.92%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus were prevalent, accounting for 73.02% and 60.90% of the total strains respectively, and the strains isolated from the intensive care unit (ICU) had the highest percentage of multidrug resistance (77.78%) among the wards. Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for continuous AMR surveillance and updated treatment guidelines, particularly considering high resistance in MRSA, MDR strains, and ICU isolates. Future research focusing on specific resistant populations and potential intervention strategies is crucial to combat this rising threat.

Mesenteric Parametrial Fat Pad Surgery for in vivo Implantation of Hepatocytes in Nude Mice.

Cell-based liver therapies utilizing functionally stabilized engineered hepatic tissue hold promise in improving host liver functions and are emerging as a potential alternative to whole-organ transplantation. Owing to the ability to accommodate a large ex vivo engineered hepatocyte mass and dense vascularization, the mesenteric parametrial fat pad in female nude mice forms an ideal anatomic microenvironment for ectopic hepatocyte transplantation. However, the lack of any reported protocol detailing the presurgical preparation and construction of the engineered hepatic hydrogel, fat pad surgery, and postsurgical care and bioluminescence imaging to confirm in vivo hepatocyte implantation makes it challenging to reliably perform and test engraftment and integration with the host. In this report, we provide a step-by-step protocol for in vivo hepatocyte implantation, including preparation of hepatic tissue for implantation, the surgery process, and bioluminescence imaging to assess survival of functional hepatocytes. This will be a valuable protocol for researchers in the fields of tissue engineering, transplantation, and regenerative medicine. Key features • Primary human hepatocytes transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector carrying firefly luciferase are surgically implanted onto the fat pad. • Bioluminescence helps monitor survival of transplanted hepatic tissue over time. • Applicable for assessment of graft survival, graft-host integration, and liver regeneration.