RESUMO
Flexible bronchoscopy has revolutionized respiratory disease diagnosis. It offers direct visualization and detection of airway abnormalities, including lung cancer lesions. Accurate identification of airway lesions during flexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in the lung cancer diagnosis. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to support physicians in recognizing anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions within bronchoscopic imagery. This work described the development of BM-BronchoLC, a rich bronchoscopy dataset encompassing 106 lung cancer and 102 non-lung cancer patients. The dataset incorporates detailed localization and categorical annotations for both anatomical landmarks and lesions, meticulously conducted by senior doctors at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam. To assess the dataset's quality, we evaluate two prevalent AI backbone models, namely UNet++ and ESFPNet, on the image segmentation and classification tasks with single-task and multi-task learning paradigms. We present BM-BronchoLC as a reference dataset in developing AI models to assist diagnostic accuracy for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions in bronchoscopy data.
Assuntos
Broncoscopia , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Lipid nanoparticles based on lecithin are an interesting part of drug delivery systems. However, the stability of lecithin nano-lipids is problematic due to the degradation of lecithin, causing a decrease in pH. In this study, the modification of the conventional nano-lipid-based soybean lecithin was demonstrated. Ginger-oil-derived Zingiber officinale was used along with lecithin, cholesterol and span 80 to fabricate nano-lipids (GL nano-lipids) using a thin-film method. TEM and a confocal microscope were used to elucidate GL nano-lipids' liposome-like morphology. The average size of the resultant nano-lipid was 249.1 nm with monodistribution (PDI = 0.021). The ζ potential of GL nano-lipids was negative, similarly to as-prepared nano-lipid-based lecithin. GL nano-lipid were highly stable over 60 days of storage at room temperature in terms of size and ζ potential. A shift in pH value from alkaline to acid was detected in lecithin nano-lipids, while with the incorporation of ginger oil, the pH value of nano-lipid dispersion was around 7.0. Furthermore, due to the richness of shogaol-6 and other active compounds in ginger oil, the GL nano-lipid was endowed with intrinsic antibacterial activity. In addition, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and live/dead imaging revealed the excellent biocompatibility of GL nano-lipids. Notably, GL nano-lipids were capable of carrying hydrophobic compounds such as curcumin and performed a pH-dependent release profile. A subsequent characterization showed their suitable potential for drug delivery systems.
RESUMO
Free haem is known to be toxic to organs, tissues and cells. It enhances permeability by binding to a cell membrane, which leads to cell death, and damages lipids, proteins and DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Lysine- and arginine-specific gingipains (Kgp and RgpA/B) are major proteinases that play an important role in the pathogenicity of a black-pigmented periodontopathogen named Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of the adhesin domains of gingipain, HbR could bind haem as an iron nutrient source for P. gingivalis. Using erythrocyte and its membrane as a model, results from the present study demonstrate that recombinant HbR expressed in Escherichia coli could inhibit haem-induced haemolysis, probably through removing haem from the haem-membrane complex and lowering free haem toxicity by mediating dimerization of haem molecules. The ability to protect a cell membrane from haem toxicity is a new function for HbR.
Assuntos
Adesinas Bacterianas/química , Adesinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Cisteína Endopeptidases/química , Cisteína Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Heme/metabolismo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Adesinas Bacterianas/genética , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Cisteína Endopeptidases/genética , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/patologia , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Cisteína Endopeptidases Gingipaínas , Haptoglobinas/metabolismo , Hemólise , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Soroalbumina Bovina/metabolismoRESUMO
To gain insight into the mechanism of malarial hemozoin formation and to explore various biological groups for screening novel antimalarial drugs, we examined the effects of amino acids on the formation of beta-hematin (BH), which is a synthetic heme crystal structurally identical to hemozoin, in vitro. Our results showed that BH formation was significantly inhibited by basic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and histidine), probably due to the abilities of these amino acids to complex with heme. The results suggest an involvement in the improvement of the blood-schizonticidal activity of 8-quinolinamine when conjugated with basic amino acids. In addition, cysteine also inhibited BH formation, possibly due to its ability to reduce heme iron or decompose heme in acidic conditions. In contrast, BH formation was enhanced by amino acids with high hydrophobicity values (leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine), with the exception of tryptophan at high temperature but was not affected in Tween-induced BH formation under normal physiological conditions. The present results can lead to further research on the development of new antimalarials by conjugating these amino acids, especially basic amino acids, with other substances, or by forming complex or small peptides that could have special effects on BH formation.