[The Analysis of Efficacy of The Application of Interleukin-1 Inhibitor in the Complex Therapy of Secondary Osteoarthritis Taking Into Account the Dynamics of Clinical and Functional Indicators].

BACKGRAUND: Secondary osteoarthritis (OA) adversely affects the underlying disease and can enhance clinical manifestations of articular syndrome. Early detection of comorbid pathology and early treatment with the therapy of underlying condition is of primary importance to preserve adequate functional activity in patients. The Aim is to analyze the efficacy of the application of interleukin-1 inhibitor in the complex treatment of secondary OA in addition to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 248 patients with secondary OA and RA were divided in 4 groups: patients of group I (n = 62) took interleukin-1 inhibitor (50 mg x 2 times per day) in combination with laser therapy on the basis of methotrexate (10-20 mg per week), group II (n = 60) received interleukin-1 inhibitor in complex with methotrexate, in group III (n = 62)--laser therapy with methotrexate and in group 4--methotrexate. We estimated the treatment efficacy in 3 and 6 months according to the dynamics of pain on VAS, indexes HAQ and KOOS. RESULTS: according to VAS group 1 showed statistical significant reduction in pain on movement in 3 and 6 months of 28.53 mm (43.6%) and 31.3 mm (48%) respectively, to values of 36.87 ± 1.56* and 33.11 ± 1.11* (p < 0.05). The results showed the statistically significant advantage of HAQ dynamics in groups I and II in comparison with groups III, IV (p = 0.03). The most prominent statistically significant (p = 0.02) results according to the dynamics of index KOOS were noted in groups of patients who took diacerein (I and II) 6 months after the complex treatment. CONCLUSIONS: the inclusion of interleukin-1 inhibitor in the complex treatment of secondary OA in patients with RA contributes to clinical improvement according to VAS (p = 0.03), index KOOS that reflects functional condition of the knee and increases the quality of life by index HAQ (p = 0.03) after 6 months therapy.

[DEVELOPMENT RISK FACTORS OF EARLY METABOLIC AND VASCULAR DISORDERS IN YOUNG SUBJECTS].

Deterioration of health characteristics and ever increasing diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity among young subjects imply the necessity of identification ofpossible risk factors of these conditions. We evaluated the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia and adipose tissue activity based on the results of screening for resistin level, aggravated heredity, disordered hydrocarbon metabolism, overweight, arterial hypertension, behaviour (physical overstrain, hypokinesia, smoking, inadequate dietary regime). The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and overall risk of cardiovascular disorders were calculated.

The significance of calprotectin for the evaluation of activity of inflammation in ulcerative colitis.

The combination of clinical and instrumental methods with non-invasive markers of ulcerative colitis allows to predict the incidence of this disease and optimize conditions and quality of medical care. To-day, the use of non-invasive markers is a topical issuesince itprovidesa most informative screening test for the high-accuracydetermination ofresidual faecal calprotectin.

[The application of chromo- and laserotherapy for the treatment of the patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant arterial hypertension].

This article gives evidence of the effectiveness of chromo- and laser therapy (using infrared and green wavelenth radiation) in combination with basal pharmacotherapy in the patients presenting with combined pathology. The analysis of the data obtained indicates that the proposed approach makes it possible to accelerate normalization of the clinical characteristics, reduce arterial pressure, improve the parameters of external respiration, and increase the duration of remission periods.

[Mechanisms of nephrotoxic action of immunodepressants, calcineurine inhibitors].

The use of immunodepressants in the medical practice provided tens of thousands of favourable outcomes of the liver, kidney or heart transplantation and significant success in the treatment of a number of autoimmune diseases. Calcineurine inhibitors (cyclosporine A and tacrolimus) provoke a number of adverse reactions. Among them nephrotoxicity is clinically most dangerous. Complex estimation of the immunological and biochemical indices in the treatment with calcineurine inhibitors is an important precondition for increasing the efficacy of immunodepressive therapy and decreasing the frequency and level of the adverse reactions.

[Molecular and cellular mechanisms of fingolimod action].

The data on the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of the drug fingolimod are presented. Further study of the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of action of pharmacological regulators of phospholipid mediators' signal transduction is an important basis for developing new immunomodulators and antitumor agents.

[Application of extremely high frequency (EHF) therapy as a method of complex therapy of the elderly patients with mixed form of bronchial asthma].

The effectiveness assessment of using EHF-acupuncture to prevent the attacks in the patients of mixed forms of bronchial asthma is given. The article presents the special scheme of treatment of patients of different age groups in different phase of the disease using the points of acupuncture with the application of EHF.

[Clinical efficacy of target low-intensity laser radiation on the adrenal projection region in patients with bronchial asthma].

AIM: To study efficacy of infrared laser radiation on the adrenal projection region in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The adrenal region of BA patients was exposed to infrared laser radiation. The effect was stated after blood count, examination of the urine and sputum, blood biochemical tests, blood hydrocortisone assay. RESULTS: Positive clinical response to laser therapy manifested with improvement of clinical, device and spirometric indices in BA patients. Blood levels of hydrocortisone normalized. CONCLUSION: Infrared laser radiation of adrenal projection region reduced the number of asphyxia attacks, improved bronchial drainage, shortened the disease duration. The method is well tolerated, safe, easy to make and suggested for use in combined treatment of BA.

[Efficacy of noninvasive hemolaserotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma and concomitant rhinosinusitis]. / Effektivnost' neinvazivnoi gemolazeroterapii u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi s soputstvuiushchim rinosinusitom.

AIM: To study efficacy of low-intensive infrared laser radiation impact on the tympanic membrane in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and concomitant rhinosinusitis (RS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 78 patients with moderate BA of a mixed type and concomitant chronic RS were divided into 3 groups: group 1 patients received medication plus infrared laser radiation of the tympanic membrane and paranasal sinuses; group 2 patients were exposed to supravenous laser radiation (0.63 mcm); group 3 received pharmacotherapy alone. The effect of the treatment was assessed by spirometry, peakflowmetry and paranasal sinuses findings. RESULTS: The highest response was achieved in group 1 which manifested with positive changes in clinical, device and spirometric data on BA and x-ray data on RS courses. The least effective treatment was observed in group 3. CONCLUSION: Use of infrared laser radiation of the tympanic membrane and paranasal sinuses projection in the treatment of BA patients with RS is effective, nontoxic and easy to use both in hospitals and outpatient departments.

[The efficacy of membrane-stabilizing therapy in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Effektivnost' membranostabiliziruiushchei terapii u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

A membrane stabilizing effect of endobronchial laser therapy and antioxidative drugs piracetam and solcoseril was studied in 83 patients with chronic bronchitis. Malonic dialdehyde was measured to evaluate effects of this treatment on cellular and humoral immunity, blood coagulation and lipid peroxidation. It was found that the addition of membrane stabilizers to standard therapy of chronic bronchitis lowered malonic dialdehyde concentrations while the addition of the stabilizers and endobronchial laser therapy relieved clinical symptoms earlier, improved parameters of immunity, hemostasis and lipid peroxidation.

[Aprotinin antiviral aerosol: study of the local irritating and allergenic action after inhalation]. / Antivirusnyi aérozol' aprotinina: izuchenie mestnorazdrazhaiushchego i allergiziruiushchego deistviia pri ingaliatsionnom vvedenii.

The aerosol of aprotinin, a natural low molecular weight polypeptide (m.w. about 160 kD) inhibiting a wide range of serine proteases may be used as an antiviral drug. The animal studies showed that it had no local irritating action on the mucosa. A long-term use of aprotinin in the form of a fine aerosol practically induced no allergenic side effects. The results of the study indicative of the absence of the allergic complications made it possible to recommend the aprotinin inhalations as a safe means in the treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections of the respiratory tract.

[Effect of sodium nucleinate on ventricular arrhythmia and blood level of medium molecular weight peptides in an experiment]. / Vliianie nukleinata natriia na zheludochkovye aritmii i uroven' srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov krovi v éksperimente.

The experiments on 18 isolated albino rat hearts have shown that sodium nucleinate exerts a protective action on the occurrence of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias. Sodium nucleinate was given orally in a daily dose of 50/kg for 2 weeks. The agent reduced the blood concentrations of medium-weight molecular peptides, which may be regarded as the liquidation of a factor predisposing to arrhythmias. Other possible mechanisms responsible for the antiarrhythmic activity of sodium nucleinate, which are adaptable to the immunomodulating and membranoprotective properties of the drug, as well as to its ability to enhance intracellular metabolism are also discussed in the paper.

[Use of antibiotics and their combinations with immunomodulators in treatment of experimental salmonellosis in albino rats]. / Primenenie antibiotikov i ikh sochetanii s immunomoduliatorami s lechebnoi tsel'iu pri éksperimental'nom sal'monelleze u belykh krys.

Efficacy of the combined therapy of experimental salmonellosis was studied on albino rats with using ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline and immunomodulators such as levamisole and quadevite. The influence of the combined chemoimmunotherapy on the indices of the nonspecific resistance of the animals i.e. the titers of lysozyme and beta-lysines, the complement activity and the blood serum bactericidal index was investigated. An increase in the survival of the animals exposed to the combinations of tetracycline with levamisole and quadevite by comparison with the animal survival after the monotherapy was revealed. The combinations of gentamicin with quadevite and tetracycline with the immunomodulators significantly increased the blood serum bactericidal index.

[Immunomodulating action of peptidoglycan of microbial origin]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie peptidoglikana mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

The action of a high molecular weight peptidoglycan produced by Agrobacter radiobacter sp. on the functional activity parameters in leukocytes and macrophages i. e. chemotaxis and adhesion was studied. It was shown that the peptidoglycan had a stimulating action on the chemotaxis of cells of the peritoneal exudate. A marked stimulating action of the drug on the primary immune response to the tissue antigen of sheep erythrocytes was observed. The peptidoglycan stimulated the antibody titers and delayed hypersensitivity when administered in various periods after an antigenic stimulus. Multifactorial experiments on the protective action of the peptidoglycan in experimental infections were carried out. Second-order polynomial statistic models characterizing the animal survival rate were constructed and the dose-time parameters of the drug use were optimized.

[Effects of rifampicin and doxycycline on the production of hydrogen peroxide by macrophages]. / Vliianie rifampitsina i doksitsiklina na produktsiiu perekisi vodoroda makrofagami.

The influence of rifampicin and doxycycline on oxidative metabolism of macrophages was estimated in vitro by production of hydrogen peroxide. It was shown that low concentrations of rifampicin and doxycycline stimulated production of hydrogen peroxide by macrophages of guinea pigs. In concentrations of 1 to 10 micrograms/ml corresponding to the mean therapeutic ones doxycycline increased both the spontaneous and zymosan-induced production of hydrogen peroxide by the macrophages. The potentiating activity of doxycycline on the cells activated by opsonized zymosan was higher. The maximum increase in the induced production of hydrogen peroxide (by 40 per cent) was observed when the antibiotic concentration was 1 microgram/ml. Rifampicin in concentrations of 0.1 to 1 microgram/ml corresponding to the mean therapeutic ones stimulated the zymosan-induced production of hydrogen peroxide by the macrophages. The maximum increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide (by 22 per cent) was noted at the rifampicin concentration of 1 microgram/ml.

[Effect of doxycycline on leukocyte adhesion in a multifactorial experiment]. / Izuchenie deistviia doksitsiklina na adgeziiu leikotsitov v mnogofaktornom éksperimente.

The multifactorial analysis was applied to study the effect of doxycycline on leukocyte adhesion to a plastic within wide ranges of the values of experimental factors such as doxycycline concentrations and magnesium and calcium ions. The data were computer-processed and second-order equations characterizing the influence of the factors on adhesion were derived. It was shown that the effect of the ions on adhesion was non-single-valued; accurate quantitative models describing the ion effect on adhesion were developed when the concentration of doxycycline was changed.