RESUMO
El trabajo repasa la evolución histórica en el entendimiento y en el manejo de la cirugía tiroidea. Describe los orígenes de esta cirugía y su ejecución, mucho antes de que se entendiera el funcionamiento de la glándula. Enumera los personajes más trascendentes de esta historia y cómo otras técnicas aplicadas en la cirugía oncológica general se adaptaron a la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Se mencionan las innovaciones tecnológicas en cirugía tiroidea.
This work reviews the historical evolution of thyroid surgery, its understanding and management. It mentions the origins of this surgical procedure and its execution well before the understanding of the glandular function. The leading persons in this historical field are enumerated; and a review is made of how other techniques applied in surgical oncology were adapted in head and neck surgery. Technological innovations in thyroid surgery are enumerated.
Assuntos
Humanos , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/tendências , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/história , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Endocrinologia/história , História da Medicina , Desenvolvimento TecnológicoRESUMO
Transgenic mouse models designed to recapitulate genetic and pathologic aspects of cancer are useful to study early stages of disease as well as its progression. Among several, two of the most sophisticated models for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are the LSL-Kras(G12D/+);Pdx-1-Cre (KC) and LSL-Kras(G12D/+);LSL-Trp53(R172H/+);Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mice, in which the Cre-recombinase regulated by a pancreas-specific promoter activates the expression of oncogenic Kras alone or in combination with a mutant p53, respectively. Non-invasive in vivo imaging offers a novel approach to preclinical studies introducing the possibility to investigate biological events in the spatio/temporal dimension. We recently developed a mouse model, MITO-Luc, engineered to express the luciferase reporter gene in cells undergoing active proliferation. In this model, proliferation events can be visualized non-invasively by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in every body district in vivo. Here, we describe the development and characterization of MITO-Luc-KC- and -KPC mice. In these mice we have now the opportunity to follow PDAC evolution in the living animal in a time frame process. Moreover, by relating in vivo and ex vivo BLI and histopathological data we provide evidence that these mice could represents a suitable tool for pancreatic cancer preclinical studies. Our data also suggest that aberrant proliferation events take place early in pancreatic carcinogenesis, before tumour appearance.