RESUMO
The search for technological applications for oils has been growing largely due to their potential nutritional and economic applications. Encapsulation makes it possible to reduce the disadvantages of oils, such as physical instability or thermodynamics, or to improve their technological properties, enabling their use in various industrial areas. Nanoencapsulated oils have the potential to improve oil bioavailability and achieve controlled release and are able to target bioactive compounds with greater precision than microencapsulated oils. The present study aims to evaluate the primary characteristics and profiles of the technological prospection of oil nanoparticles. This technology foresight study investigates the patenting activity and the academic literature to map out the technological progress and difficulties in the area of nanoencapsulation. Exponential growth in patent filing was noted with a peak in 2017, with China filing the highest number of patents. Regarding the area of application, the food industry was most common followed by the pharmaceutical industry. The most commonly used terms in patent documents on the subject were nanoemulsion and nanoparticle. The most commonly used oil, technique, wall materials and emulsifiers were soybean oil, emulsification, chitosan and lecithin, and Span 80, Tween 80 and Tween 40, respectively. The obtained articles were typically patent documents. The main depositor was Jiangnan University, and most inventors filed the same number of patent documents. Nanoencapsulation of oils has many known advantages that have been widely published in the literature and used by industry. There is a trend in the growth of patent document deposits and related scientific publications, indicating that many innovations have been made, highlighting the importance of oil nanoencapsulation.
RESUMO
Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in children and adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 546 schoolchildren, aged between 7 and 14 years, of both genders, enrolled in public elementary schools. Blood was collected for measurement of serum retinol. The retinol concentration in the samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were collected on anthropometrics, dietary, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of interest. Results: Approximately 27.5% of the students had retinol values < 30 μg/dL. The multivariate analysis showed, after the appropriate adjustments, a positive and statistically significant association of moderate/severe VAD (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.17 to 4.10) and marginal VAD (OR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.73) with age < 10 years. There was also association of VAD moderate/severe (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.05) and borderline VAD (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.21) with the anthropometric status of underweight. Lower intake of retinol was detected among those with severe VAD. Conclusion: VAD is a health concern among children and adolescents. Lower weight and younger schoolchildren had greater vulnerability to VAD. .
Objetivo: Identificar prevalência e fatores associados à deficiência de vitamina A (DVA) entre crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 546 escolares, com idade entre 7 e 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas na rede pública do ensino fundamental. O sangue foi coletado para dosagem dos níveis séricos de retinol. A concentração de retinol das amostras foi determinada pelo método da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Coletaram-se dados antropométricos, alimentares, demográficos e socioeconômicos. Utilizou-se da regressão logística politômica para avaliar as associações de interesse. Resultados: Aproximadamente 27,5% dos estudantes apresentaram valores de retinol < 30 μg/dL. Em análise multivariada, verificou-se, após devidos ajustes, associação positiva e estatisticamente significante da DVA moderada/grave (OR = 2,19; IC 95%: 1,17-4, 10) e da DVA marginal (OR = 2,34; IC 95%: 1,47-3,73) com a idade < 10 anos. Verificou-se, igualmente, associação da DVA moderada/grave (OR = 2,01; IC 95%: 1,01-5,05) e DVA marginal (OR = 2,14; IC 95%: 1,08-4,21) com o estado antropométrico magreza. Menor consumo de retinol foi detectado entre aqueles com DVA grave. Conclusão: A deficiência de vitamina A configura-se como um problema de saúde preocupante entre os escolares e adolescentes. Constatou-se maior vulnerabilidade dos escolares de baixo peso e mais jovens à DVA. .