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The proto-oncogene MYCN expression marked a cancer stem-like cell population in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and served as a therapeutic target of acyclic retinoid (ACR), an orally administered vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in reducing HCC recurrence. This study investigated the role of MYCN as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic response to ACR and prognosis of HCC. MYCN gene expression in HCC was analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas and a Taiwanese cohort (N = 118). Serum MYCN protein levels were assessed in healthy controls (N = 15), patients with HCC (N = 116), pre- and post-surgical patients with HCC (N = 20), and a subset of patients from a phase 3 clinical trial of ACR (N = 68, NCT01640808). The results showed increased MYCN gene expression in HCC tumors, which positively correlated with HCC recurrence in non-cirrhotic or single-tumor patients. Serum MYCN protein levels were higher in patients with HCC, decreased after surgical resection of HCC, and were associated with liver functional reserve and fibrosis markers, as well as long-term HCC prognosis (>4 years). Subgroup analysis of a phase 3 clinical trial of ACR identified serum MYCN as the risk factor most strongly associated with HCC recurrence. Patients with HCC with higher serum MYCN levels after a 4-week treatment of ACR exhibited a significantly higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 3.27; p = .022). In conclusion, serum MYCN holds promise for biomarker-based precision medicine for the prevention of HCC, long-term prognosis of early-stage HCC, and identification of high-response subgroups for ACR-based treatment.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica N-Myc , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica N-Myc/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/sangue , PrognósticoRESUMO
Inhaled nebulized interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-ß have been shown to be effective in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to construct a virus-free rapid detection system for high-throughput screening of IFN-like compounds that induce viral RNA degradation and suppress the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We prepared a SARS-CoV-2 subreplicon RNA expression vector which contained the SARS-CoV-2 5'-UTR, the partial sequence of ORF1a, luciferase, nucleocapsid, ORF10, and 3'-UTR under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. The expression vector was transfected into Calu-3 cells and treated with IFN-α and the IFNAR2 agonist CDM-3008 (RO8191) for 3 days. SARS-CoV-2 subreplicon RNA degradation was subsequently evaluated based on luciferase levels. IFN-α and CDM-3008 suppressed SARS-CoV-2 subreplicon RNA in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 193 IU/mL and 2.54 µM, respectively. HeLa cells stably expressing SARS-CoV-2 subreplicon RNA were prepared and treated with the IFN-α and pan-JAK inhibitor Pyridone 6 or siRNA-targeting ISG20. IFN-α activity was canceled with Pyridone 6. The knockdown of ISG20 partially canceled IFN-α activity. Collectively, we constructed a virus-free rapid detection system to measure SARS-CoV-2 RNA suppression. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 subreplicon RNA was degraded by IFN-α-induced ISG20 exonuclease activity.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Interferon-alfa/farmacologia , RNA Viral/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Exorribonucleases/genética , Vetores Genéticos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Interferon-alfa/administração & dosagem , Luciferases/genética , Luciferases/metabolismo , Naftiridinas/administração & dosagem , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Oxidiazóis/administração & dosagem , Oxidiazóis/farmacologia , RNA Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , RepliconRESUMO
Astrocytes are major glial cells that play a critical role in brain homeostasis. Abnormalities in astrocytic function, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE) during acute liver failure, can result in brain death following brain edema and the associated astrocyte swelling. Recently, we have identified alpha 1-antichymotripsin (ACT) to be a biomarker candidate for HE. ACT induces astrocyte swelling by upregulating aquaporin 4 (AQP4); however, the causal connection between these proteins is not clear yet. In this study, we utilized a microarray profile to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in astrocytes treated with ACT. We then performed Gene Ontology, REACTOME, and the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes (CORUM) enrichment analyses of the identified DEGs. The results of these analyses indicated that the DEGs were enriched in pathways activating adenylate cyclase (AC)-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and therefore were involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. These results indicate that ACT may act as a ligand of Gs-GPCRs and subsequently upregulate cAMP. As cAMP is known to upregulate AQP4 in astrocytes, these results suggest that ACT may upregulate AQP4 by activating AC GPCRs and therefore serve as a therapeutic target for acute HE.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: With advancement in the treatment options of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), optimising the outcomes of difficult-to-treat patients has become increasingly important in clinical practice. In particular, insensitivity to first-line biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARD) is becoming a significant problem because it may decrease the treatment adherence of patients. This study aimed to compare RA patients with an insensitivity and those with a poor response to initial treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis), which are the most frequently used bDMARDs. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using clinical data from the FIRST registry. bDMARD-naïve RA patients treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) from August 2003 to May 2019 were included and categorised into three groups: TNFi insensitivity, poor response to TNFis and controls. TNFi insensitivity was defined as follows: (1) discontinuation of TNFi treatment within 22 weeks due to lack of any response, or (2) an increase in the disease activity score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) of > 0.6 at week 22 compared with week 0. Among the remaining patients, those with a DAS28-CRP > 2.6 at week 22 were categorised in the poor response group. RESULTS: Of the included patients, 94 were classified in the insensitivity, 604 in the poor response and 915 in the control. A higher DAS28-CRP before treatment was a risk factor for a poor response but not for insensitivity. In contrast, dose escalation of infliximab decreased the risk of a poor response but not that of insensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: In future research, poor and insensitivity to bDMARDs should be assessed separately to fully elucidate the aetiology of, and risk factors for, bDMARD refractoriness.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: As status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is highly affected by environmental factors, a catastrophic disaster may also affect RA activity. Herein we conducted a retrospective cohort study in the disaster area of the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan: an earthquake, tsunamis and a nuclear accident. METHODS: Clinical records of RA patients who attended a hospital near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were collected. For those who underwent whole-body counter testing, internal radiation exposure levels were also collected. As clinical parameters may fluctuate in the absence of a disaster, changes in values before and after the disaster were also compared. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors affecting RA status. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients (average age, 64.2 years; females, 83%; average disease duration, 15.7 years) were included in the study. Five patients lived within the no-entry zone, 37 evacuated immediately after the disaster, and four temporarily stopped RA treatment. The proportions of patients who showed worsened tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and rheumatoid factor values were significantly higher after the disaster compared to those before. Among the 16 patients who underwent whole-body counter testing, only one showed a detectable, but negligible, radioactive cesium level. Use of methotrexate was identified as a possible preventive factor for RA exacerbation in this setting. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to analyze detailed profiles of RA patients after a disaster. As methotrexate may prevent disease exacerbation, continuity of care for this common chronic disease should be considered in disaster settings.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Terremotos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Tsunamis , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Características de Residência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the indirect health impacts of disasters is limited. We assessed the excess mortality risk associated with the indirect health impacts of the 2011 triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster) in Fukushima, Japan. METHODS: The mortality rates in Soma and Minamisoma cities in Fukushima from 2006 to 2015 were calculated using vital statistics and resident registrations. We investigated the excess mortality risk, defined as the increased mortality risk between postdisaster and predisaster after excluding direct deaths attributed to the physical force of the disaster. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of mortality after adjusting for city, age and year. RESULTS: There were 6163 and 6125 predisaster and postdisaster deaths, respectively. The postdisaster mortality risk was significantly higher in the first month following the disaster (March 2011) than in the same month during the predisaster period (March 2006-2010). RRs among men and women were 2.64 (95% CI 2.16 to 3.24) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.99 to 3.03), respectively, demonstrating excess mortality risk due to the indirect health effects of the disaster. Age-specific subgroup analyses revealed a significantly higher mortality risk in women aged ≥85 years in the third month of the disaster compared with predisaster baseline, with an RR (95% CI) of 1.73 (1.23 to 2.44). CONCLUSIONS: Indirect health impacts are most severe in the first month of the disaster. Early public health support, especially for the elderly, can be an important factor for reducing the indirect health effects of a disaster.
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Causas de Morte , Desastres/estatística & dados numéricos , Terremotos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Mortalidade/tendências , Tsunamis , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Terremotos/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Japão/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Estatísticas Vitais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little information is available concerning how patient delay may be affected by mass disasters. The main objectives of the present study are to identify whether there was a post-disaster increase in the risk of experiencing patient delay among breast cancer patients in an area affected by the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan, and to elucidate factors associated with post-disaster patient delay. Sociodemographic factors (age, employment status, cohabitant status and evacuation status), health characteristics, and health access- and disaster-related factors were specifically considered. METHODS: Records of symptomatic breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed to calculate risk ratios (RRs) for patient delay in every year post-disaster compared with the pre-disaster baseline. Total and excessive patient delays were respectively defined as three months or more and twelve months or more from symptom recognition to first medical consultation. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for pre- and post-disaster patient delay in order to reveal any factors potentially associated with patient delay, and changes after the disaster. RESULTS: Two hundred nineteen breast cancer patients (122 pre-disaster and 97 post-disaster) were included. After adjustments for age, significant post-disaster increases in RRs of experiencing both total (RR: 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-2.70, p < 0.05) and excessive patient delay (RR: 4.49, 95% CI: 1.73-11.65, p < 0.01) were observed. The RRs for total patient delay peaked in the fourth year post-disaster, and significant increases in the risk of excessive patient delay were observed in the second, fourth, and fifth years post-disaster, with more than five times the risk observed pre-disaster. A family history of any cancer was the only factor significantly associated with total patient delay post-disaster (odds ratio: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.95, p < 0.05), while there were no variables associated with delay pre-disaster. CONCLUSIONS: The triple disaster in Fukushima appears to have led to an increased risk of patient delay among breast cancer patients, and this trend has continued for five years following the disaster.
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Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Desastres , Terremotos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Tsunamis , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A 61-year-old woman was admitted for long-lasting fever and recurrent opportunistic infections during the treatment of SLE. She had been diagnosed as SLE and type-IV nephritis based on a renal biopsy and serological findings. A colonoscopy and liver biopsy revealed disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status was then examined and found to be positive. From the clinical course, the first symptoms were inferred to have been those of HIV infection.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Iodine deficiency is an important modifier of the risk of thyroid cancer following irradiation. However, little information is available on the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Fukushima and its surroundings after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident that occurred in March 2011. METHODS: In order to assess urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) and the prevalence of iodine deficiency and to elucidate any associations between demographic characteristics and UIC levels among children and adolescents aged ≤18 years at the time of the accident in Fukushima Prefecture and its surroundings, the data on voluntary UIC testing conducted by Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 4410 children and adolescents with a median age of 10 years at examination underwent UIC testing between October 2012 and October 2015. Calculated for all the participants, the median UIC level was 204 µg/L (range 25-21,100 µg/L). There were 133 (3.0%), 732 (16.6%), and 1472 (33.4%) participants with UIC levels of <50, <100, or ≥300 µg/L, respectively. Based on the World Health Organization criteria for nutritional iodine status, no participants were severely iodine deficient (<20 µg/L), but 16.6% of the population were mildly (50-100 µg/L) or moderately (20-50 µg/L) iodine deficient. While no significant difference in UIC was noted between those who did and did not increase dietary iodine intake after the accident (p = 0.93), there were significant differences by year (p < 0.01), school level (p < 0.001), and residential area at the time of the accident (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the children and adolescents examined had a sufficient amount of iodine during the period 1.5-4.5 years after the nuclear accident. In addition to the differences in the scale and the countermeasures undertaken between the Fukushima and Chernobyl accidents, differences in dietary iodine intake might have played an additional role in resulting in the reportedly different radiation doses to the thyroid between the two nuclear accidents.
Assuntos
Deficiências Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Iodo/deficiência , Iodo/urina , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Deficiências Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Deficiências Nutricionais/urina , Feminino , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaAssuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Estigma Social , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epidemiologistas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Japão/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary infections (PI) are leading causes of death in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The PREVENT study (Pulmonary infections in patients REceiving immunosuppressiVE treatmeNT for CTD) assessed risk of PI in patients with active CTD in the contemporary era of advanced immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: In patients who started corticosteroids (n = 763), conventional immunosuppressants or biologics for active CTD were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory data, usage of drugs, and occurrence of PI were collected for 12 months. Baseline risk factors were investigated using Cox regression analysis. A nested case-control (NCC) study was performed with 1:2 matched case-control pairs to assess the risk for each drug category. RESULTS: During the observation period, 32 patients died (4.2%) and 66 patients were lost to followup (8.6%). Patients with PI (n = 61, 8%) had a significantly worse accumulated survival rate than patients without (p < 0.01). Cox hazard regression analysis using baseline data showed that these factors were significantly associated with PI: age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.87, 95% CI 2.22-6.74), ≥ 20 pack-years of smoking (2.63, 1.37-5.04), higher serum creatinine level (1.21, 1.05-1.41 per 1.0 mg/dl increase), and maximum prednisolone (PSL) dose during the first 2 weeks of treatment (2.81, 1.35-5.86 per 1.0 mg/kg/day increase). Logistic regression analysis by an NCC study revealed that maximum PSL dose within 14 days before PI (OR 4.82, 95% CI 1.36-17.01 per 1.0 mg/dl increase; 2.57, 1.28-5.16 if ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day) was significantly associated with the events, while other immunosuppressants were not. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of the higher risks for corticosteroids of PI than other immunosuppressants and assess these risk factors before immunosuppressive treatment, to prevent PI.
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Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/tratamento farmacológico , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Infecções/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Infecções/mortalidade , Pneumopatias/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Risco , Medição de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Bone health was assessed for inhabitants of an area affected by the Fukushima nuclear plant incident. Osteoporotic patients, who had been treated with active vitamin D3 and/or bisphosphonate at Soma Central Hospital before the Fukushima incident, were enrolled. Changes in bone turnover markers and bone mineral density were retrospectively analyzed. Serum levels of a bone resorption marker, serum type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide were decreased in all the treated groups, whereas those of a bone formation marker, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, were increased. Accordingly, bone mineral density, estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was increased in the lumbar spine of all groups, but bone mass increase in the proximal femur was detected only in the group treated with the two agents in combination. From the degree of these parameter changes, the antiosteoporotic treatments looked effective and were equivalent to the expected potency of past observations. At this stage, the present study implies that the Fukushima nuclear incident did not bring an acute risk to bone health in the affected areas.
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Fêmur/efeitos da radiação , Vértebras Lombares/efeitos da radiação , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Densidade Óssea , Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Fêmur/metabolismo , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/metabolismo , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose/metabolismo , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Abnormal T cell immune responses induce aberrant expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, leading to osteoclastmediated bone erosion and osteoporosis in autoimmune arthritis. However, the mechanism underlying enhanced osteoclastogenesis in arthritis is not completely understood. Here we show that TNF-alpha contributes to inflammatory bone loss by enhancing the osteoclastogenic potential of osteoclast precursor cells through inducing paired Ig-like receptor-A (PIR-A), a costimulatory receptor for receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK). In fact, bone erosion and osteoporosis, but not inflammation, caused by aberrant TNF-alpha expression were ameliorated in mice deficient in Fc receptor common gamma subunit or beta(2)-microglobulin, in which the expression of PIR-As and PIR-A ligands is impaired, respectively. These results establish the pathological role of costimulatory receptors for RANK in bone loss in arthritis and may provide a molecular basis for the future therapy of inflammatory diseases.
Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/patologia , Osteoclastos/patologia , Osteoporose/patologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Artrite Experimental/genética , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Artrite Experimental/terapia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Amplificação de Genes/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/fisiologia , Infliximab , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/genética , Osteoclastos/citologia , Osteoclastos/imunologia , Osteoporose/genética , Osteoporose/imunologia , Osteoporose/terapia , Receptores Imunológicos/biossíntese , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiologiaRESUMO
Finding a means to ameliorate and prevent bone destruction is one of the urgent issues in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recent studies revealed bone-resorbing osteoclasts to be essential for arthritic bone destruction, but to date there has been scarce experimental evidence for the underlying mechanism of the bone-protective effect of antirheumatic drugs. Here we examined the effects of one or a combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on osteoclast differentiation to provide a cellular and molecular basis for their efficacy against bone destruction. The effects on osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells were distinguished by two in vitro osteoclast culture systems. Methotrexate (MTX), bucillamine (Buc) and salazosulphapyridine (SASP) inhibited osteoclastogenesis by acting on osteoclast precursor cells and interfering with receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-mediated induction of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1. MTX and SASP also suppressed RANKL expression on osteoclastogenesis-supporting mesenchymal cells. Interestingly, the combination of three antirheumatic drugs exerted a marked inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis even at a low dose at which there was much less of an effect when administered individually. These results are consistent with the reported efficacy of combined DMARDs therapy in humans and suggest that osteoclast culture systems are useful tools to provide an experimental basis for the bone-protective effects of antirheumatic drugs.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/farmacologia , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Reabsorção Óssea/tratamento farmacológico , Reabsorção Óssea/etiologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultura , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Cisteína/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Metotrexato/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoclastos/citologia , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligante RANK/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligante RANK/metabolismo , Sulfassalazina/farmacologiaRESUMO
NFATc1 and NFATc2 are functionally redundant in the immune system, but it was suggested that NFATc1 is required exclusively for differentiation of osteoclasts in the skeletal system. Here we provide genetic evidence that NFATc1 is essential for osteoclast differentiation in vivo by adoptive transfer of NFATc1(-/-) hematopoietic stem cells to osteoclast-deficient Fos(-/-) mice, and by Fos(-/-) blastocyst complementation, thus avoiding the embryonic lethality of NFATc1(-/-) mice. However, in vitro osteoclastogenesis in NFATc1-deficient cells was rescued by ectopic expression of NFATc2. The discrepancy between the in vivo essential role of NFATc1 and the in vitro effect of NFATc2 was attributed to selective autoregulation of the NFATc1 gene by NFAT through its promoter region. This suggested that an epigenetic mechanism contributes to the essential function of NFATc1 in cell lineage commitment. Thus, this study establishes that NFATc1 represents a potential therapeutic target for bone disease and reveals a mechanism that underlies the essential role of NFATc1 in bone homeostasis.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/fisiologia , Homeostase/genética , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/genética , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/fisiologia , Animais , Blastocisto/fisiologia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Epigênese Genética/fisiologia , Transplante de Tecido Fetal/imunologia , Fígado/citologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/deficiência , Osteoclastos/citologia , Osteoclastos/fisiologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/deficiência , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/genéticaRESUMO
A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever of unknown origin. The patient had long-lasting spiking fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pleural effusion, and skin rash. Laboratory tests showed marked leukocytosis and an extremely high serum ferritin level (240 000 ng/ml) accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemophagocytic syndrome. Most of the patient's features were compatible with a diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), the rash, however, was not a typical rheumatoid rash but multiforme erythema. Biopsy of a breast nodule revealed breast cancer, leading us to a diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndrome mimicking AOSD. Although this is a rare disorder, cases resembling the present one have been reported, indicating the importance of including paraneoplastic syndrome in the differential diagnosis of AOSD.