Accurate estimation of skeletal muscle mass by comparison of computed tomographic images of the third lumbar and third cervical vertebrae in Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the accuracy of estimating the cross-sectional area (CSA) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) based on the CSA at the third cervical vertebra (C3) using computed tomographic images, and we identified the sources of error and bias using the evaluation of absolute reliability in 89 Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Skeletal muscle CSA was measured at the C3 and L3 on pretreatment computed tomographic images. We used the CSA at the C3 to estimate CSA at the L3 in an existing prediction formula. Correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relative reliability of the estimate, and Bland-Altman analysis and minimum detectable change (MDC) were used to evaluate its absolute reliability. RESULTS: Estimated and actual CSAs at L3 were strongly correlated (r = 0.885, p < 0.001). The mean difference between the estimated and actual CSAs was - 1.0887 cm2, the 95% confidence interval was - 4.09 to 1.91 cm2 (p = 0.472), and the 95% limits of agreement were - 29.0 and 26.8 cm2. The MDC at the 95% level of confidence in estimated and actual CSAs was 27.9 cm2. CONCLUSIONS: The estimation of CSA at the L3 from the existing prediction formula with the CSA at the C3 had no systematic biases, but it did have random errors. Random errors resulted from measurement errors and biological variation. Usefulness of the existing formula is limited by physical differences in populations.

Clinical and histopathologic effects of neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin in combination with oral S-1 on stage III and IV oral cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and histopathologic effects of neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (IACRT) using cisplatin in combination with oral S-1 (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium) on stage III and IV oral squamous cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty patients received infusions of superselective intra-arterial cisplatin 60 mg/m2 by the Seldinger method and conventional external beam radiotherapy (total 40 Gy) combined with oral S-1 on the day of irradiation. Curative surgery and neck dissection were performed 4 to 6 weeks after IACRT. The clinical response of the primary lesion was evaluated approximately 4 weeks after IACRT. The surgically resected specimens were examined for histologic features according to the grading system for histologic evaluation and for residual tumor grade (RGrades). RESULTS: Histopathologic evaluation of the therapeutic effect was grade 2 in 10 patients and grade 3 in 16 patients. According to the distribution of RGrades, the remaining tumor cells were mostly in the central area of the primary lesion, as seen in 24 patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that neoadjuvant IACRT with cisplatin and oral S-1 was an effective treatment, suggesting the possibility of reducing the extent of curative surgery based on RGrades.

Endoscopically-assisted intraoral resection of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle with a piezoelectric surgical device.

Background: Osteochondromas of the mandibular condyle show facial asymmetry and malocclusion. Because condylar osteochondromas are generally resected in a preauricular approach with risks of facial nerve injury and visible scar, the authors report endoscopically assisted intraoral resection of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle with a piezoelectric surgical device.Case presentation: A 38-year-old woman presented with malocclusion and facial asymmetry caused by deviation of the chin to the left. Computed tomography showed a hyperdense, well-circumscribed mass arising from the medial aspect of the right mandibular condyle with resorption of the skull base. The patient underwent an endoscopically-assisted intraoral condylectomy with a piezoelectric surgical device. The postoperative course was uneventful without trismus, malocclusion, or facial asymmetry, and there was no recurrence 4 years after surgery.Conclusion:Endoscopically assisted intraoral resection of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle with a piezoelectric surgical device is a minimally invasive and safe surgery.

Actinomycotic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis arising in the mandibular ramus: an unusual case with spontaneous bone regeneration after coronoidectomy.

Actinomycotic osteomyelitis is an aggressive and persistent disease capable of invading and destroying bone, and chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis represents new bone formation with periosteal reaction. We report a rare case of actinomycotic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis arising in the mandibular ramus and spontaneous bone regeneration after coronoidectomy. A 14-year-old girl was referred for swelling in the right parotid-masseteric region and severe trismus. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed that heterogenous enhancement of the right masseter muscle, and a reactive bone formation over the lateral cortex of the right mandibular ramus and osteolysis of the condyle were seen in plain CT. MRI showed that the mandibular ramus was a low-signal intensity and the reactive bone on the ramus was signal intensity similar to muscle on T1-weighted images. The lesion was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis of the mandibular ramus. However, a biopsy was performed intraorally under general anesthesia to rule out a malignant bone tumor, and pathological examination showed fibrous bone and Actinomyces druses. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed as actinomycotic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis. She underwent image-guided intraoral removal of impacted right third molar and reactive proliferative bone on the right mandibular ramus under general anesthesia. To improve trismus, coronoidectomy also was performed. After the discharge, AMPC was administrated intraorally for 7.5 months. Postoperative panoramic radiograph and CT showed the right mandibular angle resorption and coronoid process regeneration. There was no recurrence of mandibular osteomyelitis 7 years after surgery.

Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of advanced maxillary gingival squamous cell carcinoma treated by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of advanced maxillary gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 46 patients were reviewed retrospectively in this study. The treatment schedule comprised intra-arterial chemotherapy (total, 60 mg/m2 docetaxel and 150 mg/m2 cisplatin) and three-dimensional computed tomography based, daily conventional radiotherapy (total, 60 Gy/30 fr) for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 40 months (range, 3-110 months). The 3-year overall survival and locoregional control rates for all patients were 64.3% and 84.3%, respectively. The OS rate of the patients with N0-1 was significantly higher than that of the patients with N ≥ 2 (P < .05). No grade 5 toxicities were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy was effective for advanced maxillary gingival SCC.

Swallowing function in advanced tongue cancer patients before and after bilateral neck dissection following superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy for organ preservation: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate swallowing function in advanced tongue cancer patients before and after bilateral neck dissection following superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was used to evaluate swallowing function in 10 patients with advanced tongue cancer before and after bilateral neck dissection. RESULTS: Laryngeal penetration increased in the postoperative VFSS. Temporal analysis comparing two time points revealed that, after surgery, oral transit time increased significantly, but there was no difference in pharyngeal delay time or pharyngeal transit time. Spatial analysis revealed significant decreases after surgery in the maximum distance of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening, the maximum distance of hyoid bone movement in both the anterior and superior direction, and the maximum velocity of hyoid bone movement. CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal penetration and aspiration increased as a result of limited hyoid movement and diminished UES opening after bilateral neck dissection following superselective intra-arterial CRT for advanced tongue cancer.

Airway obstruction caused by pharyngolaryngeal swelling after intraoral removal of a submandibular gland stone.

Intraoral removal of a submandibular gland stone is less invasive than submandibulectomy, with no life-threatening airway complications reported until now. We report a case involving airway obstruction caused by pharyngolaryngeal swelling after intraoral removal of a submandibular gland stone. A 31-year-old man with a left submandibular gland stone underwent intraoral removal of the stone under general anesthesia and was discharged 1 day after surgery. That night, he was transported back to our hospital by ambulance for dyspnea. Because computed tomography showed pharyngolaryngeal swelling, he was intubated and managed by a ventilator. Four days later, the pharyngolaryngeal swelling had mostly resolved and he was extubated and discharged. Surgeons should be vigilant of the potential risk of airway complications following an intraoral approach for submandibular gland stone removal.

Chemoradiotherapy using retrograde superselective intra-arterial infusion for tongue cancer: Analysis of therapeutic results in 118 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the therapeutic results and rate of organ preservation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue treated with retrograde superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2006 and June 2015, 118 patients with tongue cancer were treated with intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy. Treatment consisted of radiotherapy (total 50-70 Gy) and daily concurrent intra-arterial chemotherapy (docetaxel, total 50-70 mg/m2; cisplatin, total 125-175 mg/m2) for 5-7 weeks. Locoregional control and overall survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median follow-up for all patients was 38.5 months (range, 3-129 months). After intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy, primary site complete response was achieved in 113 (95.8%) of 118 cases. Three-year locoregional control and overall survival rates were 80.3% and 81.5%, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities included neutropenia in 16.1% and mucositis in 87.3%. Grade 3 toxicities included anemia in 12.7%, thrombocytopenia in 3.4%, nausea/vomiting in 3.4%, dermatitis in 45.7%, dysphagia in 74.6%, and fever in 2.5% of patients. Late toxicity consisting of grade 3 osteoradionecrosis of the jaw occurred in 4.2% of patients. On univariate analysis, T stage and overall stage were significantly associated with locoregional control, and N stage and overall stage were significantly associated with overall survival. On multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor of overall survival was overall stage classification. CONCLUSION: Retrograde superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy for tongue cancer provided good overall survival and locoregional control.