Geriatric distal femoral fractures: post-operative complications and nine-year mortality-a retrospective analysis of two tertiary trauma centres.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the mortality at various post-operative intervals and explore influential variables for these outcomes in elderly patients with distal femur fractures (DFF). METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted across two tertiary care institutions, between 2014 and 2020. The primary outcomes were mortality rates at 30-day, six month, and one year post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included 1-year readmission and reintervention rates along with their correlated complications. RESULTS: A total of 37 DFF in 35 patients was analyzed; average age was 83.6 years (range, 65-98 years). The overall mortality rate at a maximum follow-up of 8.8 years was 74% (26/35 patients). The median survival time was 3.2 years and the survival probability at five years was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 43%). Mortality rates at 30 days, six months, and one year after surgery were 8.6% (3 patients), 23% (8 patients), and 34% (12 patients), respectively. Overall mortality rate was 64% (15/24 patients) for native distal femur fractures, and 92% (13/14 patients) for periprosthetic fractures (p = 0.109). Patients older than 85 years and male gender were identified as risk factors for mortality within the first year post-operatively. CONCLUSION: Elderly fractures have a high mortality at eight years of follow-up. Mortality at one year was much higher than in other studies of the same nature. We did not find statistically significant differences when comparing native bone fractures with periprosthetic fractures. Factors that impact mortality were being a man, advanced age, elevated index comorbidity, and dementia. There is no relationship between the time to be taken to the surgical procedure and mortality results.

Impact of a Secondary Prevention Program for Fragility Fractures at the Orthogeriatric Clinical Care Center at the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 2014-2020.

Introduction: The presence of a fragility fracture increases the risk of new fractures. The timely and prompt initiation of treatment for osteoporosis can reduce the incidence of new fractures, for which adherence to management is a determining factor. The main objective of the study was to characterize the secondary prevention program for fragility hip fractures in patients older than 65 years, determine adherence to treatment and its effect on the appearance of new fractures in the established follow-up period. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective cohort study was carried out. Patients older than 65 years with a fragility hip fracture treated by an Orthogeriatric Clinical Care Center between May 2014 and April 2020 who completed a one-year follow-up were included. Results: A final sample of 290 patients was obtained (226 women and 64 men) with an average age of 82.27 years. It was found that 84.5% of patients received indications to start osteoporotic management prior to hospital discharge and only 35.2% started the treatment in the first 6 postoperative months. 16.6% (n = 48) of patients presented a new fracture, with no significant difference between those who started their osteoporosis treatment in a timely manner. Out of the 48 patients, 5 patients (10.4%) met therapeutic failure criteria. Discussion: Most patients (84.5%) received indications for starting osteoporotic treatment before hospital discharge, nevertheless 35.2% started it during the first 6 postoperative months. 16.6% of patients presented a new fracture during follow up, of which only five met therapeutic failure criteria. Conclusions: No significant differences were found between the presence of new fractures and early initiation of osteoporotic management. However, literature shows that prompt and timely osteoporotic treatment reduces the incidence of new fractures, thus measures must be implemented to strengthen the adherence and surveillance of patients to the indicated treatment.

Analysis of the experience of the geriatric fracture program in two institutions in Colombia: a reproducible model? / Análisis de la experiencia del programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia: ¿un modelo reproducible?

Abstract Background: hip fracture is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Geriatric fracture programs promise to improve the quality of care, health outcomes and reduce costs. Objective: To describe the results related to the Geriatric fracture programs implementation in two Colombian institutions to assess reproducibility. Methods: We performed A retrospective descriptive study of the patients treated under the Geriatric fracture programs in two institutions in Colombia. The information was collected from the initial year of implementation until 2018. Demographic characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization complications, readmissions and mortality were described. Consumption of healthcare resources was defined using base cases determined with local experts and costs were estimated using standard methods. Results: 475 patients were included in the Geriatric fracture programs. We observed an increase in the number of patients. The length of stay decreased between 8.5% and 26.1% as did the proportion of total complications, with delirium having the greatest reduction. A similar situation was seen for first year mortality (from 10.9% to 4.7%), in-hospital deaths and readmissions. Estimates of costs of stay and complications showed reductions in all scenarios, varying between 22% and 68.3%. Conclusions: The present study presents the experience of two institutions that implemented the Geriatric fracture programs with increase in the number of patients treated and reductions in the time of hospital stay, the proportion of complications, readmissions, mortality and estimated costs. These are similar between both institutions and with other published implementations. This could hint that geriatric fracture program may be implemented with reproducible results.

Resumen Antecedentes: las fracturas de cadera son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Los programas de fracturas geriátricas prometen mejorar la calidad de la atención, los desenlaces clínicos y reducir costos, Objetivos: Describir los resultados relacionados con la implementación de un programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia para evaluar la reproducibilidad Métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos en el programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia. Se obtuvo información desde el año de implementación hasta 2018. Se describió información demográfica, de estancia hospitalaria, de complicaciones, de rehospitalizaciones y de mortalidad. Se determinó un caso base de consumo de recursos con expertos y se costeó usando métodos estandarizados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 475 pacientes. Se observó un aumento en la cantidad de pacientes. La duración de estancia disminuyó entre 8.5% y 26.1%, así como la frecuencia de complicaciones. Se encontraron reducciones en mortalidad en el primer año (entre 10.9% y 4.7%), muertes hospitalarias y rehospitalizaciones. Los costos estimados mostraron reducciones entre 22% y 68.3%. Conclusiones: El presente estudio muestra la experiencia de implementación de programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia, mostrando aumento en cantidades de pacientes y reducciones en estancia hospitalaria, frecuencia de complicaciones, rehospitalizaciones, mortalidad y costos estimados. Los resultados fueron similares en las dos instituciones y comparables con otros descritos en literatura. Esto sugiero que los programas de fracturas geriátricas se pueden implementar con resultados reproducibles.

Evaluación de factores asociados a formación de colecciones intraabdominales en apendicectomía monopuerto para apendicitis aguda complicada.

OBJETIVO: Comparar los desenlaces entre la apendicectomía por laparoscopia por puerto único y multipuerto, y establecer si existe diferencia en el riesgo de colección intraabdominal posoperatoria. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, mediante 116 historias clínicas de pacientes llevados a apendicectomía laparoscópica por único puerto y multipuerto en dos centros médicos. RESULTADOS: Desarrollaron colección intraabdominal 12 (10.3%) pacientes. No se encontraron diferencias entre ambas técnicas en cuanto al desarrollo de colección intraabdominal (p = 0.242), no hubo diferencia entre ambas técnicas en cuanto a sangrado intraoperatorio (p = 0.012) y el tiempo quirúrgico fue mayor en el grupo de puerto único (17.4 minutos en promedio). El 62.5% de los pacientes con sangrado > 50 ml desarrollaron colección intraabdominal. CONCLUSIONES: No se evidenció superioridad de ninguna de las dos intervenciones en apendicitis complicada, pero sí se confirma que la apendicectomía laparoscópica por puerto único es un procedimiento seguro, factible, no inferior y con tasas similares de complicaciones en comparación con la técnica convencional de apendicectomía laparoscópica. OBJECTIVE: To compare the decreases between the appendectomy by single port vs. multiport laparoscopy and to establish if there is a difference in the risk of postoperative intra-abdominal collection. METHOD: Retrospective study was carried out using 116 medical records of patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy through a single port and multiport in two medical centers. RESULTS: 12 (10.3%) patients developed an abdominal collection. No differences were found between the two techniques in terms of intra-abdominal collection development (p = 0.242), there was no difference between the two techniques in terms of intraoperative bleeding (p = 0.012), the surgical time was greater in the single-port group (17.4 min on average). 62.5% of patients with bleeding > 50 mL developed intra-abdominal collection. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of superiority of either of the two interventions in complicated appendicitis, but it does confirm that single-port laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe, feasible, noninferior procedure and with similar complication rates compared to the conventional laparoscopic appendectomy technique.

Design and Evaluation of a Hospital-Based Educational Event on Fracture Care for Older Adult.

INTRODUCTION: Surgeons, internal medicine physicians, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team managing older adults with a fracture all have barriers to attending educational courses, including time away from practice and cost. Our planning group decided to create and evaluate a hospital-based educational event to address, meet, and improve the care of older adults with a fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A committee of surgeons and geriatricians defined 3 learning objectives to improve knowledge and attitudes in co-managed care. They designed a 1-day educational event consisting of a departmental visit, a review of cases, a planning session to identify gaps and plan changes, and presentations on selected topics. Thirteen hospitals worldwide completed an 8-question online application form, and 7 sites were selected for delivery over 3 years in Denmark, Colombia, Thailand, Paraguay, Switzerland, and the Dominican Republic. RESULTS: Each event was conducted by 1 or more visiting surgeons and geriatricians, and the local team leaders. The most common challenges reported in the applications were preoperative assessment or optimization, delayed surgery, lack of protocols, access to a geriatrician, teamwork, and specific aspects of perioperative and postoperative care. In each department, 4 or 5 goals and targets for implementation were agreed. The presentations section was customized and attended by 20 to 50 team members. DISCUSSION: Topics selected by a majority of departments were principles of co-managed care (7), preoperative optimization (7), and management of delirium (4). Follow up was conducted after 3 and 12 months to review the degree of achievement of each planned change and to identify any barriers to complete implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital-based events with visiting and local faculty were effective to engage a broader audience that might not attend external courses. A performance improvement component with goal setting and follow up was acceptable to all host departments.

Therapeutic approach and management algorithms in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MONJ): recommendations of a multidisciplinary group of experts.

BACKGROUND: The justification for this consensus is the absence of local protocols on Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MONJ), for prevention, evaluation, and treatment, involving physicians and dentists, leading to suspension of antiresorptive treatments, despite their benefit in the prevention of fragility fractures (40-70%). These fractures cause disability and mortality (80% and 20-30%, respectively), as opposed to the low risk associated with MONJ in osteoporotic (0.01-0.03%) and oncological patients (1.3-1.8%). PURPOSE: To provide management recommendations through algorithms that guide health professionals to prevent, diagnose, and treat MONJ in different clinical scenarios. METHOD: A technical multidisciplinary team composed of specialists with extensive experience in osteoporosis or osteonecrosis of the jaw from Fundación Santa Fé (Bogotá, Colombia) and the Asociación Colombiana de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral was selected. Three rounds were carried out: definition of questions, answers using Delphi methodology, and the discussion of questions in order to have an agreement. The whole group participated in two phases, and the developer group in the total number of rounds. A literature review was conducted to obtain academic support to design questions with clinical relevance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The consensus group generated definitions and recommendations useful for doctors and dentists, following clinical algorithms involving four scenarios: osteoporosis patient who requires dental procedures and has not received antiresorptives, osteoporosis patient who are under treatment with antiresorptives, cancer patients, and MONJ-instituted patients. The therapeutic approach in osteoporosis and cancer patients, in invasive dental procedures, must be relied on the risk-benefit treatment.

Recommendations for fracture management in patients with osteopetrosis: case report.

INTRODUCTION: Osteopetrosis is caused by general increase in bone density and obliteration of the medullary canal. Fractures are a frequent complication and their management is considered a challenge due to increased resistance to reaming and screw positioning; reduction maneuvers have to be done more carefully to avoid intraoperative fractures, and there is an increased risk of drill breakage. There is also a higher risk of infection and malunion, which increases the incidence of surgical revisions in this population. CASE REPORT: 55-year-old male with osteopetrosis and a history of two previous proximal femur fractures, who sustained an oblique supracondylar fracture of the left humerus and a simple, intra-articular, rotated fragment with capitelum involvement, as well as a fracture in the base of the coronoid process was admitted in our hospital. We performed an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and 12 months after surgery, the patient's bone has healed and he recovered flexion (110˚) and extension (-10˚) without complications. DISCUSSION: During ORIF, two drill bits were broken and screw fixation was challenging due to the strength required. Bone overheating was also present during drilling, evidenced by smoke production and increased temperature of both bone and drill bits. Recommendations to avoid these problems include continuous cold saline irrigation, frequent drill bit changing, and spaced cycles with low-speed drilling. Additionally, high-resistance and high-speed electric drill bits can also be effective. Finally, patients should be closely followed postoperatively due to the high incidence of refracture, infection and malunion. CONCLUSIONS: Fracture fixation in patients with osteopetrosis requires strategies to overcome the technical difficulties found during the procedure. Preoperative planning must include the availability of multiple metal drill bits, electric drills, and bone substitutes, having in mind drilling techniques, drilling speed, and temperature control. Patients should be closely followed to evidence any complications such as infections and malunions.

Infección de fracturas tibiales abiertas con y sin fijación externa provisional: Hospital de San José 2008 - 2009 / Infection of tibia open fractures with and without provisional external fixation: Hospital de San José 2008 - 2009

La infección relacionada con la fractura abierta de tibia constituye una complicación importante ya que tiene relación directa con el pronóstico y el resultado funcional. En nuestro hospital se desconoce su incidencia y si ocurre con mayor frecuencia con el uso de fijador externo. Se realizó estudio observacional tipo cohorte prospectiva en pacientes mayores de 16 años que ingresaron al servicio de ortopedia y traumatología del Hospital de San José con diagnóstico de fractura abierta de tibia en el período abril 2008 a abril 2009. Hubo seguimiento desde su ingreso hospitalario hasta los controles posteriores. Se evaluaron un total de 71 casos en los cuales predominaron el sexo masculino (84,5%) y el accidente de tránsito como mecanismo de trauma (78,8%). La incidencia total de infección en la población a estudio fue de 9,8% y el germen aislado con mayor frecuencia fue Staphylococcus aureus en (57,1%). Todos los infectados fueron manejados con fijación externa provisional y en su mayoría fueron grado IIIA en la clasificación de Gustilo (36,6%), siendo las fracturas II y III en las que se presentó con mayor frecuencia. Concluimos que todos los casos de infección se documentaron con fijación externa y debe ser considerada en el manejo de estos pacientes.

Infection associated to open tibia fractures is considered an important complication for it is directly related to prognosis and functional results. Its incidence is unknown in our hospital and is mainly associated with the use of an external fixator. An observational prospective cohort study was conducted in patients older than 16 years of age admitted to the orthopedics and traumatology service at the Hospital de San José with a diagnosis of open tibia fracture, between April 2008 and April 2009. Follow-up was carried out from admission to control visits. A total number of 71 cases were assessed with male predominance (84,5%) and car accident as trauma mechanism (78,8%). Total incidence of infection in the study population was 9,8% and the most frequently identified organism was Staphillococcus aureus in 57,1%. All affected patients had been managed with a provisional external fixation and most of them were categorized grade IIIA on the Gustillo classification (36,6%). The majority were grade II and III fractures. We conclude that all cases of infection were associated to external fixation, thus, it must be considered in the management of these patients.

Fracturas metafisarias distales extraarticulares de tibia: placa percutánea vs. clavo endomedular / Treatment of distal tibial extra-articular metaphysial fractures: plating vs. intramedullary nailing

En el manejo de las fracturas diafisiarias distales de tibia aún existe controversia acerca de cuál técnica quirúrgica ofrece mayores beneficios. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y comparar las utilizadas, clavo endomedular y placa percutánea, y los resultados en cuanto a consolidación y complicaciones, en pacientes tratados entre enero 2004 y mayo 2008 en el Hospital de San José y una institución asociada de tercer nivel de atención. Se describe una cohorte histórica de 55 pacientes con seguimiento a doce meses. El 76,4% de la población fue de sexo masculino con promedio de edad de 36 años. Se observó mayor porcentaje de mala unión en los pacientes intervenidos con CE (10,7% vs. 7,4%, RR 1.45). La consolidación se presentó en el 92,9% (26/28) de los pacientes manejados con CE contra un 88,9% (24/27) de aquellos con PP. La pseudoartrosis se encontró en dos tratados con CE y en tres con PP (7,1% vs. 11,1%, RR 0.64). La falla del material de osteosíntesis no se observó con el uso de CE, mientras que dos con PP presentaron el evento (0% vs. 7,4%). En cada grupo se vieron dos casos de infección (7,1% vs. 7,4%). Se requirió reintervención en 17,9% (5/28) con CE y en 25,9% (7/27) con PP. El manejo con CE aunque muestra un índice de mala unión mayor que con empleo de PP, evidenciaría un porcentaje de consolidación mayor y unos de complicaciones y reintervención menores. Se requieren estudios futuros multicéntricos para demostrar diferencias entre los dos tipos de tratamientos.

There is still controversy regarding which surgical technique is the most beneficial to manage distal tibial dia- physeal fractures. This paper describes and compares intramedullary nailing and percutaneous plating and results as to consolidation and complications in patients treated between January 2004 and May 2008 at the San José Hospital and at an associate tertiary level health care facility. A 55-patient historical cohort and 12-month follow-up was described. The mean age was 36 years and 76.4% were male patients. A greater incidence of mal-union was observed in those who underwent an intramedullary nailing (10.7 % vs 7.4%, RR 1.45). Consolidation was achieved in 92.9% (26/28) of patients who received nailing compared to 88.9% (24/27) of those managed with plating. Pseudoarthrosis was present in 2 patients treated with a nail fixation and in 3 patients treated with a plate (7.1% vs 11.1%, RR 0.64). Failure of the osteosynthesis material was not observed with the use of nailing while two patients with plating presented this type of event (0% vs 7.4%). Two cases of infection presented in each group (7.1% vs 7.4%). A second surgical intervention was necessary in 17.9% (5/28) of patients with nailing and in 25.9% (7/27) of those in the plating group. Although management with intramedullary nailing shows a greater incidence of mal-union compared to plating, it would evidence a greater percentage of consolidation and less complications and need of a second procedure. Further multicentric trials are required in order to demonstrate the differences between these two treatment modalities.

La cultura organizacional y su relación con algunos indices de salud ocupacional y otras variables en las empresas fabricantes de productos de caucho con mas de 100 trabajadores afiliados al I.S.S en Santafe de Bogotá, D.C. 1993 / Relation between indicators of occupational health and other variables

En esta investigacion se determinó el Tipo de Cultura Organizacional, en todas las empresas de más de 100 trabajadores, ocho en total. (2.973 trabajadores) fabricantes de productos de Caucho, afiliados al I.S.S en Santafé de Bogota durante 1.993 y su relación con Indicadores de Salud Ocupacional tales como:Accidentalidad, Ausentismo, Morbilidad y Rotación Externa. Para el análisis, las empresas se dividieron en dos grupos, empresas "Participativos" y "Dominantes", de acuerdo con una tabla de valores, usando criterios ampliamente reconocidos para calificar la Cultura Organizacional. Los autores concluyen que los resultados encontrados,confirman la Hipótesis de que los estilos de Cultura Organizacional "Participativos" tienen mejores Indices de Accidentalidad, Ausentismo y Rotación Externa que los estilos de tipo "Dominante". Las empresas de corte Participativo tuvieron menor Accidentalidad, representada en tres variables:la Tasa de Incidencia (T.I.A.), o sea, el número de Accidentes de Trabajos reportados con o sin incapacidad, 6.5 por ciento contra 7.9 por ciento de las empresas Dominantes. El Indice de Frecuencia (I.F.A) se refiere al número de Accidentes de Trabajo que ocasionaron INCAPACIDAD, 6.4 por ciento CONTRA 15.2 por ciento de las empresas Dominantes. Y el Indice de severidad (I.S.A.) de la Accidentalidad, 34.75 por ciento contra 110.65 de las empresas. De las tres variables anteriormente enunciadas,la primera, Tasa de Incidencia de Accidentes, no tiene una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Las otras dos, Indice de Frecuencia y de Severidad, si tiene significancia estadística (P<0.0001)

Principales alteraciones visuales en los escolares del area de influencia de la escuela colombiana de medicina, 1992 / Visual alterations in children

Este trabajo de investigación del tipo descriptivo determinó las patalogías de la agudeza visual en un grupo de escolares pertenecientes a dos concentraciones escolares de la ciudad de Santafé de Bogotá. Para lograr este objetivo se elaboró un cuestionario que fué sometido a tres pruebas con el fín de perfeccionar el instrumento de recolección de la información. La información recolectada fué procesada mecánicamente, la cual arrojó una cantidad considerable de resultados que posteriormente fueron sometidas a un análisis con el fin de establecer diversas conclusiones. Entre los principales resultados se encontró: Mayores deficiencias en la agudeza visual del ojo derecho en comparación con el izquierdo. Los Niños que usaban lentes, en cierto porcentaje no lograban agudeza visual adecuada a pesar de la correción. No son frecuentes las alteraciones de la visión cromática. De acuerdo a estos y otros resultados se hace evidente la necesidad y la falta de interés que hay por tener en cuenta las alteraciones de la agudeza visual en el grupo de escolares en nuestra sociedad