RESUMO
Background: Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) affects approximately six million individuals worldwide. Clinical manifestations are expected to occur due to the parasite persistence and host immune response. Herein we investigated potential associations between IL1B, IL6, IL17A, or IL18 polymorphism profiles and cardiomyopathy or T. cruzi parasitemia, as well as the impact of HIV infection on cardiopathy. Methods: Two hundred twenty-six patients and 90 control individuals were analyzed. IL1B rs1143627 T>C, IL6 rs1800795 C>G, IL17A rs2275913 G>A, IL18 rs187238 C>G, and IL18 rs1946518 C>A SNVs were analyzed by real-time PCR and T. cruzi parasitemia by PCR. Results: Our data revealed association between a cytokine gene polymorphism and parasitemia never previously reported. The IL6 rs1800795 CG genotype lowered the risk of positive parasitemia (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.86, P = 0.015). Original findings included associations between IL17A rs2275913 AA and IL18 s1946518 AA genotypes with decreased risk of developing cardiomyopathy (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.07-0.97, P = 0.044; and OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.87, P = 0.023, respectively). IL18 rs1946518 AA and IL1B rs1143627 TC were associated with reduced risk for cardiomyopathy severity, including NYHA (New York Heart Association) class ≥ 2 (OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.68, P = 0.009; and OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.95, P = 0.036, respectively) and LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) <45% for IL18 rs1946518 AA (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.89, P = 0.034). A novel, unexpected protective effect of HIV infection against development/progression of cardiomyopathy was identified, based on a lower risk of developing cardiopathy (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23-0.96, P = 0.039), NYHA class ≥ 2 (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.06-0.39, P < 0.001), and LVEF < 45% (OR = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00-0.25, P = 0.001). Digestive involvement was negatively associated with NYHA ≥ 2 and LVEF < 45% (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.47, P < 0.001; and OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.62, P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Our data support a protective role of IL17A AA, IL18 AA, and IL1B TC genotypes against development/progression of cardiomyopathy and a modulatory effect of the IL6 CG genotype on the risk of parasitemia in Chagas disease. Notably, HIV infection was shown to protect against development/progression of cardiopathy, potentially associated with a synergistic effect of HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), attenuating a Th1-mediated response in the myocardium. This proposed hypothesis requires confirmation, however, in larger and more comprehensive future studies.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Genótipo , Interleucina-17 , Interleucina-18 , Interleucina-1beta , Interleucina-6 , Parasitemia , Polimorfismo Genético , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Adulto , Doença de Chagas/genética , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-18/genética , Interleucina-18/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parasitemia/genética , Parasitemia/imunologiaRESUMO
Objective: To analyze postural control in acquired and congenitally blind adults. Methods: A total of 40 visually impaired adults participated in the research, divided into 2 groups, 20 with acquired blindness and 20 with congenital blindness - 21 males and 19 females, mean age 35.8 ± 10.8. The Brazilian version of Berg Balance Scale and the motor domain of functional independence measure were utilized. Results: On Berg Balance Scale the mean for acquired blindness was 54.0 ± 2.4 and 54.4 ± 2.5 for congenitally blind subjects; on functional independence measure the mean for acquired blindness group was 87.1 ± 4.8 and 87.3 ± 2.3 for congenitally blind group. Conclusion: Based upon the scale used the results suggest the ability to control posture can be developed by compensatory mechanisms and it is not affected by visual loss in congenitally and acquired blindness.
Objetivo: Analisar o controle postural de indivíduos adultos com cegueira completa congênita e adquirida. Métodos: Fizeram parte da pesquisa 40 sujeitos, divididos em 2 grupos (20 com deficiência visual adquirida e 20 com deficiência visual congênita - 21 homens e 19 mulheres, média de idade 35,8 ± 10,8). Os instrumentos utilizados foram a versão brasileira da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e o domínio motor da medida de independência funcional. Resultados: Na Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg a média do grupo com deficiência visual adquirida foi 54,0 ± 2,4 e no grupo com deficiência visual congênita foi 54,4 ± 2,5; na medida de independência funcional a média do grupo com deficiência visual adquirida foi 87,1 ± 4,8 e no grupo com deficiência visual congênita foi 87,3 ± 2,3. Conclusão: Baseado no instrumento utilizado, os resultados sugerem que a habilidade de controlar a postura pode ser adquirida por meio de mecanismos compensatórios, não sendo afetada pela perda visual em cegos congênitos e adquiridos.
Assuntos
Cegueira/congênito , Pessoas com Deficiência VisualRESUMO
A fístula aorto-entérica primária (FAEP) é uma entidade clínica extremamente rara, geralmente associada a doenças infecciosas prévias ou congênitas. Elas ocorrem predominantemente na terceira ou quarta porção do duodeno. A sintomatologia habitualmente consiste em dor abdominal, hamatêmese, melena e massa abdominal. Este caso refere-se a uma paciente com evolução de seis episódios de hemorragia digestiva alta em um período de cinco meses. Os autores revisam a literatura, discutem a enfermidade e relatam a história clínica, a propedêutica armada e o tratamento empregado