II Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To develop the second evidence-based Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: Two methodologists and 20 rheumatologists from Lupus Comittee of Brazilian Society of Rheumatology participate in the development of this guideline. Fourteen PICO questions were defined and a systematic review was performed. Eligible randomized controlled trials were analyzed regarding complete renal remission, partial renal remission, serum creatinine, proteinuria, serum creatinine doubling, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal relapse, and severe adverse events (infections and mortality). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to develop these recommendations. Recommendations required ≥82% of agreement among the voting members and were classified as strongly in favor, weakly in favor, conditional, weakly against or strongly against a particular intervention. Other aspects of LN management (diagnosis, general principles of treatment, treatment of comorbidities and refractory cases) were evaluated through literature review and expert opinion. RESULTS: All SLE patients should undergo creatinine and urinalysis tests to assess renal involvement. Kidney biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing LN but, if it is not available or there is a contraindication to the procedure, therapeutic decisions should be based on clinical and laboratory parameters. Fourteen recommendations were developed. Target Renal response (TRR) was defined as improvement or maintenance of renal function (±10% at baseline of treatment) combined with a decrease in 24-h proteinuria or 24-h UPCR of 25% at 3 months, a decrease of 50% at 6 months, and proteinuria < 0.8 g/24 h at 12 months. Hydroxychloroquine should be prescribed to all SLE patients, except in cases of contraindication. Glucocorticoids should be used at the lowest dose and for the minimal necessary period. In class III or IV (±V), mycophenolate (MMF), cyclophosphamide, MMF plus tacrolimus (TAC), MMF plus belimumab or TAC can be used as induction therapy. For maintenance therapy, MMF or azathioprine (AZA) are the first choice and TAC or cyclosporin or leflunomide can be used in patients who cannot use MMF or AZA. Rituximab can be prescribed in cases of refractory disease. In cases of failure in achieving TRR, it is important to assess adherence, immunosuppressant dosage, adjuvant therapy, comorbidities, and consider biopsy/rebiopsy. CONCLUSION: This consensus provides evidence-based data to guide LN diagnosis and treatment, supporting the development of public and supplementary health policies in Brazil.

Position statement of the Brazilian society of Rheumatology on mesna use as a preventive therapy for bladder disease in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and systemic vasculitis under cyclophosphamide treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To review current literature to support the use of mesna as a preventive therapy for hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and systemic vasculitis treated with cyclophosphamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search for articles was conducted systematically through MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Only articles in English were selected. For available records, titles and abstracts were selected independently by two investigators. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were selected for analysis. The known adverse effects of cyclophosphamide were hematological toxicity, infections, gonadal toxicity, teratogenicity, increased risk for malignancy and hemorrhagic cystitis. Long-term toxicity was highly dependent on cyclophosphamide cumulative dose. The risk of bladder cancer is especially higher in long-term exposure and with cumulative doses above 36 g. The risk remains high for years after drug discontinuation. Hemorrhagic cystitis is highly correlated with cumulative dose and its incidence ranges between 12 and 41%, but it seems to be lower with new regimens with reduced cyclophosphamide dose. No randomized controlled trials were found to analyze the use of mesna in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and systemic vasculitis. Retrospective studies yielded conflicting results. Uncontrolled prospective studies with positive results were considered at high risk of bias. No evidence was found to support the use of mesna during the treatment with cyclophosphamide for autoimmune diseases or systemic vasculitis to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder cancer. In the scenarios of high cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (i.e., > 30 g), patients with restricted fluid intake, neurogenic bladder, therapy with oral anticoagulants, and chronic kidney disease, mesna could be considered. CONCLUSION: The current evidence was found to be insufficient to support the routine use of mesna for the prophylaxis of hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder cancer in patients being treated for systemic autoimmune diseases and systemic vasculitis with cyclophosphamide. The use may be considered for selected cases.

Automated treatment planning for whole breast irradiation with individualized tangential IMRT fields.

PURPOSES: This study aimed to develop and validate algorithms for automating intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in breast cancer patients, with a focus on patient anatomical characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively selected 400 breast cancer patients without lymph node involvement for automated treatment planning. Automation was achieved using the Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI) integrated into the Eclipse Treatment Planning System. We employed three beam insertion geometries and three optimization strategies, resulting in 3600 plans, each delivering a 40.05 Gy dose in 15 fractions. Gantry angles in the tangent fields were selected based on a criterion involving the minimum intersection area between the Planning Target Volume (PTV) and the ipsilateral lung in the Beam's Eye View projection. ESAPI was also used to gather patient anatomical data, serving as input for Random Forest models to select the optimal plan. The Random Forest classification considered both beam insertion geometry and optimization strategy. Dosimetric data were evaluated in accordance with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 1005 protocol. RESULTS: Overall, all approaches generated high-quality plans, with approximately 94% meeting the acceptable dose criteria for organs at risk and/or target coverage as defined by RTOG guidelines. Average automated plan generation time ranged from 6 min and 37 s to 9 min and 22 s, with the mean time increasing with additional fields. The Random Forest approach did not successfully enable automatic planning strategy selection. Instead, our automated planning system allows users to choose from the tested geometry and strategy options. CONCLUSIONS: Although our attempt to correlate patient anatomical features with planning strategy using machine learning tools was unsuccessful, the resulting dosimetric outcomes proved satisfactory. Our algorithm consistently produced high-quality plans, offering significant time and efficiency advantages.

BRAF p.V600E Mutational Status Does Not Correlate with Biological Behavior in Conventional Ameloblastomas: A Disease-Free Survival Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of the MAPK pathway appears to exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastomas, since BRAF p.V600E has been reported in over 65% of the tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the BRAF p.V600E is related to biological behavior and disease-free survival in patients with conventional ameloblastomas. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) recommendations. The study population consisted of individuals treated for conventional ameloblastomas. Clinical, imaging, histomorphological, immunohistochemical (Ki67 and CD138/syndecan-1), and molecular BRAF p.V600E mutation analyses were performed. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed through chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to identify predictors of disease-free survival, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Forty-one individuals were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15:1. BRAF p.V600E mutation was identified in 75.6% of the tumors. No association between the BRAF mutational status and other clinical, imaging, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical variables was observed. Only the initial treatment modality was significantly associated with a better prognosis in univariate (p = 0.008) and multivariate (p = 0.030) analyses, with a hazard ratio of 9.60 (95%IC = 1.24-73.89), favoring radical treatment. CONCLUSION: BRAF p.V600E mutation emerges as a prevalent molecular aberration in ameloblastomas. Nevertheless, it does not seem to significantly affect the tumor proliferative activity, CD138/syndecan-1-mediated cell adhesion, or disease-free survival outcomes.

It was not possible to detect BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma: A diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma-based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma. METHODS: This is a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations. The index test was the plasma-based liquid biopsy, whereas the reference standard was the conventional tissue biopsy. The target condition was the detection of BRAF V600E mutation. The study population consisted of individuals with ameloblastoma recruited from three tertiary hospitals from Brazil. A negative control group composed of three individuals with confirmed wild-type BRAF lesions were included. The participants underwent plasma circulating cell-free DNA and tumor tissue DNA isolation, and both were submitted to using competitive allele-specific TaqMan™ real-time polymerase chain reaction technology mutation detection assays. Sensitivity and specificity measures and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: Twelve patients with conventional ameloblastoma were included. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 11/12 (91.66%) ameloblastoma tissue samples. However, the mutation was not detected in any of the plasma-based liquid biopsy circulating cell-free DNA samples in both ameloblastomas and negative control group. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma-based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA was 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The agreement between index test and reference standard results was 26.66%. CONCLUSION: Plasma-based liquid biopsy does not seem to be an accurate method for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma, regardless of tumor size, anatomic location, recurrence status, and other clinicopathological features.

Temporomandibular joint disorders in skeletal class II patients referred to orthognathic surgery: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in subjects with skeletal class II dentofacial deformity referred for orthognathic surgery, as well as to elucidate its association with sociodemographic and psychosocial features. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The sample comprised class II skeletal patients referred to an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery center in the Brazilian Northeast. RESULTS: Seventy-three subjects were enrolled and completed the data collection, which consisted of a physical examination according to Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and facial analysis. Women represented 82.2% of the sample. Among the assessed subjects, 68.5% were already undergoing orthodontic treatment, and the mean overjet of patients was 6.97 mm. The prevalence of TMD in this sample was 46.6%, with muscular disorders being the most common. Patients with an anteroposterior discrepancy greater than 7 mm showed a higher occurrence of TMD (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of TMD in skeletal class II patients referred for orthognathic surgery, especially in those with a pronounced overjet, being Group I (muscular disorders) and Group III (degenerative disorders) the most prevalent.

Chitosan-based films filled with nanoencapsulated essential oil: Physical-chemical characterization and enhanced wound healing activity.

The economic burden of chronic wounds, the complexity of the process of tissue repair and the possibility of resistant bacterial infections, have triggered a significant research interest in the application of natural alternative therapies for wound healing. Biomolecules are intrinsically multi-active, as they affect multiple mechanisms involved in tissue repair phenomenon, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, cell proliferation, extra cellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Chitosan features a unique combination of attributes, including intrinsic hemostatic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties, that make it an exceptional candidate for wound management, in the development of wound dressings and scaffolds. In this study, we produced nanoemulsions (NE) loaded with SFO, characterized them, and evaluated their tissue repairing properties. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the formation of a nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 21.12 ± 2.31 nm and a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.159, indicating good stability for up to 90 days. To investigate the potential wound healing effects, SFO-loaded NE were applied on male C57BL/6 mice for seven consecutive days, producing a significantly higher wound closure efficiency (p < 0.05) for the group treated with SFO-loaded NE compared to the control group treated with the saline solution. This finding indicates that the SFO-loaded NE exhibits therapeutic properties that effectively promote wound healing in this experimental model. Then, SFO-loaded NE were incorporated into chitosan:polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based films. The inclusion of NE into the polymer matrix resulted in increased lipophilicity reflected by the contact angle results, while decreasing moisture absorption, water solubility, and crystallinity. Moreover, FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of new bonds between SFO-NE and the film matrix, which also impacted on porosity properties. Thermal analysis indicated a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the films due to the presence of SFO-NE, suggesting a plasticizing role of NE, confirmed by XRD results, that showed a decrease in the crystallinity of the blend films upon the addition of SFO-NE. AFM images showed no evidence of NE droplet aggregation in the Chitosan:PVA film matrix. Moisture absorption and water content decreased upon incorporation of SFO-loaded NE. Although the inclusion of NE increased hydrophobicity and water contact angle, the values remained within an acceptable range for wound healing applications. Overall, our results emphasize the significant tissue repairing properties of SFO-loaded NE and the potential of Chitosan:PVA films containing nanoencapsulated SFO as effective formulations for wound healing with notable tissue repairing properties.

Aleitamento materno e o processo de adaptação no contexto familiar: abordagem qualitativa / Breastfeeding and the adjustment process in the family context: a qualitative approach

OBJETIVO: Compreender a adaptação das mulheres ao processo de amamentação e o apoio familiar e dos serviços de saúde. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo fundamentado no referencial metodológico da Etnoenfermagem, conforme a Teoria de Enfermagem Transcultural de Leininger. Foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se três categorias temáticas: "Enfrentando algo inesperado, mutável e desafiador"; "Convivendo com dúvidas, incertezas e desorientação" e "Identificando fontes de apoio para a manutenção da amamentação". CONCLUSÃO: O processo de adaptação do aleitamento materno é permeado por dúvidas, incertezas e desafios. As mulheres apoiam-se em suas experiências prévias e na cultura familiar e sofrem influência direta destas. O papel da atenção básica é essencial nesse contexto.

OBJECTIVE: To understand women's adaptation to the breastfeeding process and the support provided by family and health services. METHOD: A qualitative study based on the methodological framework of Ethnonursing, following Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory. A semi-structured interview guide was used. RESULTS: Three thematic categories were identified: "Facing something unexpected, changing, and challenging"; "Dealing with doubts, uncertainties, and disorientation"; and "Identifying sources of support for breastfeeding maintenance". CONCLUSION: The breastfeeding adjustment process has doubts, uncertainties, and challenges. Women rely on and are directly influenced by their past experiences and family culture. The role of primary health care is crucial in this context.

Competências para a produção do cuidado integral: análise dos processos avaliativos no internato de Medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense / Competencias para la producción de cuidados integrales: análisis de los procesos de evaluación en el internado de Medicina de la Universidad Federal Fluminense / Competencies for the production of comprehensive health care: analysis of the assessment processes in Medicine Internship at Fluminense Federal University

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a priorização e valorização de competências para a produção do cuidado integral no internato obrigatório (IO) da faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense. O percurso metodológico contou com análise documental das competências para o IO e suas formas de avaliação, seguido de entrevistas remotas com docentes. A análise de conteúdo categorizou unidades temáticas de acordo com o momento da produção do cuidado integral no encontro com o paciente e nos demais encontros ocorridos para além deste. Foram evidenciadas priorização e valorização da integração de habilidades de comunicação e de técnicas semióticas; e raciocínio clínico com atitudes éticas e humanísticas e de competências relacionadas ao trabalho em equipe; participação em espaços coletivos de discussão; gestão do cuidado; abordagem comunitária; e processo de produção do conhecimento baseado nos signos do "ser médico(a)".

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la priorización y valorización de las competencias para la producción de cuidados integrales en el Internado Obligatorio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Federal Fluminense. La metodologia incluye análisis documental y entrevistas con profesores. El análisis de contenido fue categorizado en unidades temáticas según el momento de producción de la atención integral: en el encuentro y en los encuentros necessários a partir de este encuentro com el paciente. Em el encuentro, se priorizó la integración de habilidades comunicativas y técnicas semióticas y de razonamiento clínico con actitudes éticas y humanísticas, y en los demás encuentros, las habilidades relacionadas con el trabajo en equipo, participación en espacios colectivos de discusión, gestión del cuidado, enfoque comunitario, además del propio proceso de producción de conocimiento, todos basado en la idea de lo que significa ser médico.

The objective of this study is to analyze the prioritization and valorization of competences within the production of comprehensive care at Mandatory Internship at the Faculty of Medicine at Fluminense Federal University. The methologic included analysis of the documents that contained the competencies and its forms of assessment at the Mandatory Internship, and remote interviews with professors. The analysis of the content was categorized into thematic units according to the moment of the production of comprehensive care: in the encounter with patient and beyond others encounters needed after this first one. By the encounter, there was a prioritization of the integration of communication skills and semiotic techniques and clinical reasoning with ethical and humanistic attitudes, and in the second one the competencies related to teamwork, participation in collective spaces for discussion, care management, community approach, in addition of the knowledge production process itself, based on the idea of being a doctor.

Prevalence of malnutrition in children under five years old in Beira city, Mozambique, 2019 / Prevalência da má nutrição em crianças menores de cinco anos na cidade da Beira, Moçambique, 2019

Abstract Objectives: to describe the prevalence of malnutrition (underweight, low height, and overweight) in children aged six to 59 months and its spatial distribution in the city of Beira, Mozambique. Methods: an exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2019, involving 407 children aged six to 59 months. The sample size calculation was based on the prevalence of height-for-age deficit. Anthropometric data were analyzed using Anthro version and the prevalence of malnutrition was presented through thematic maps generated in Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Results: the main findings revealed a prevalence of 27.0% for low height/age, 7.9% for underweight/height, and 4.7% for overweight. Conclusions: the spatial distribution highlighted that both urban and peri-urban areas of the city showed similar prevalence rates for the three forms of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in Beira is high, with deficit height/age being the most significant expression, while overweight is diffusely distributed.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever a prevalência da má nutrição (baixo peso, baixa estatura e excesso de peso) em crianças de seis a 59 meses e sua distribuição espacial na cidade de Beira, Moçambique. Métodos: estudo transversal exploratório, realizado entre outubro e novembro de 2019, incluindo 407 crianças de seis a 59 meses. O cálculo da amostra foi baseado na prevalência do déficit estatura/idade. Os dados antropométricos foram analisados no Anthro e a prevalência de má nutrição apresentada por meio de mapas temáticos no Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Resultados: os principais resultados mostram uma prevalência de 27,0% de baixa estatura/idade, 7,9% de baixo peso/estatura e 4,7% de excesso de peso. Conclusões: a distribuição espacial evidenciou que as áreas urbanas e periurbanas da cidade apresentavam prevalências similares das três formas de má nutrição. A prevalência da má nutrição em Beira é alta, embora o déficit estatura/idade seja a sua maior expressão, estando o excesso de peso difusamente distribuído.

Quality of life after necrotizing enterocolitis: an integrative review / Qualidade de vida após enterocolite necrosante: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the long-term health outcomes of neonates affected by necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its implications for quality of life. Data source: This is an integrative review, conducted by searching the literature in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and PubMed, using Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): "necrotizing enterocolitis," "quality of life," and "prognosis" combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR: "quality of life" OR "prognosis." Inclusion criteria were: publication period between 2012 and 2022. Data synthesis: A total of 1,010 studies were located, of which ten were selected to comprise the bibliographic sample of this review. Children with NEC are prone to exhibit cognitive neurological impairment, especially those who undergo surgical procedures due to more severe conditions. Motor development was considered below average when compared to healthy children, with more noticeable delays in fine and gross motor function development. The search for the relationship between NEC and quality of life revealed that this condition has a negative impact on the well-being of affected individuals. Conclusions: NEC has proven to be a serious condition contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality in newborns, potentially leading to a reduction in the quality of life of affected patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os desfechos em longo prazo na saúde de neonatos acometidos com enterocolite necrosante (ECN) e suas repercussões na qualidade de vida. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada com base no levantamento da bibliografia nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) e PubMed por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): "necrotizing enterocolitis", "quality of life" e "prognosis" combinados com os operadores booleanos AND e OR: "quality of life" OR "prognosis". Os critérios de inclusão foram: período de publicação entre 2012 e 2022; Síntese dos dados: Foram localizados 1.010 estudos, dos quais dez foram selecionados para compor a amostra bibliográfica desta revisão. As crianças com ECN são propensas a apresentar comprometimento neurológico cognitivo, principalmente aquelas submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos em razão de quadros mais graves. O desenvolvimento motor foi considerado abaixo da média se comparado ao de crianças saudáveis, com atraso mais perceptível no desenvolvimento de funções motoras finas e grossas. A busca pela relação entre enterocolite necrosante e qualidade vida trouxe como resultado que essa condição tem impacto negativo sobre o bem-estar dos indivíduos acometidos. Conclusões: A enterocolite necrosante mostrou-se como uma condição grave que contribui para altas taxas de morbimortalidade em recém-nascidos, sendo uma potencial causa para a redução da qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos.

Dimensão ética da alimentação e hidratação artificiais no doente terminal / Ethics, artificial nutrition, and hydration in terminal patients / Dimensión ética de la nutrición e hidratación artificial en los pacientes terminales

Resumo Dada a insuficiente evidência científica, decisões relativas à utilização de nutrição e hidratação artificiais em pacientes terminais configuram um importante dilema ético. Identifica-se um conflito entre as perspetivas de "tratar" e "cuidar", com variação quanto a sua utilização conforme o contexto legal e cultural de diferentes países. O intuito deste estudo é esclarecer se essa prática constitui uma medida de cuidado básico ou um tratamento fútil e desproporcionado. Procede-se a uma revisão das diretrizes e dos códigos deontológicos de diferentes países europeus. Em Portugal, na Itália e na Polônia, tal prática é vista como uma medida de cuidado básico; já em países como França, Inglaterra, Noruega, Irlanda, Alemanha, Finlândia, Holanda, Bélgica e Suíça, é considerada um tratamento fútil. Na Romênia, na Croácia e na Hungria, verifica-se um enquadramento ético e legal insuficiente. As diferenças de abordagem a doentes terminais podem ser reflexo das diferentes perspetivas culturais.

Abstract Given the lack of scientific evidence, decisions regarding the administration of artificial nutrition and hydration in terminally ill patients constitute an important ethical dilemma due to the conflict between "treat" and "care" perspectives and the varying usage depending on the legal and cultural background across countries. This study aims to explain whether this practice configures a basic care intervention or a futile medical treatment. Therefore, we review the national guidelines and codes of ethics from several European countries. Countries such as Portugal, Italy, and Poland view it as a basic care intervention, whereas France, England, Norway, Ireland, Germany, Finland, Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland, as a medical treatment. Moreover, countries such as Romania, Croatia, and Hungary lack such legal framework. The different approaches regarding the care of terminally ill patients can reflect differences on cultural perspectives.

Resumen Dada la insuficiente evidencia científica, las decisiones sobre el uso de la nutrición e hidratación artificiales en los pacientes terminales constituyen un importante dilema ético. Se identifica un conflicto entre las perspectivas de "tratar" y "cuidar", con variaciones en su uso según el contexto legal y cultural de los diferentes países. El objetivo de este estudio es dilucidar si esta práctica constituye una medida de atención básica o un tratamiento fútil y desproporcionado. Se realiza una revisión de las directrices y códigos deontológicos de diferentes países europeos. En Portugal, Italia y Polonia, se considera esta práctica como una medida de atención básica; mientras que en países como Francia, Inglaterra, Noruega, Irlanda, Alemania, Finlandia, Holanda, Bélgica y Suiza, se considera un tratamiento fútil. En Rumanía, Croacia y Hungría, el marco ético y jurídico es insuficiente. Las diferencias en el tratamiento de los pacientes terminales pueden reflejar diferentes perspectivas culturales.

COVID-19 entre profissionais fisioterapeutas: uma análise segundo prevalência e fatores associados / Covid-19 among brazilian physiotherapists: analysis of prevalence and associated factors / Covid-19 entre los fisioterapeutas brasileños: análisis de prevalencia y factores asociados

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência da COVID-19 entre os fisioterapeutas brasileiros e os fatores associados segundo características demográficas e ocupacionais. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, segundo inquérito on-line, com a participação de 670 fisioterapeutas de todas as regiões do Brasil. Utilizou-se uma adaptação do método respondent driven sampling ao ambiente virtual para a coleta de dados. Análises bivariadas e de regressão logística múltipla foram utilizadas para identificar associação entre o diagnóstico da COVID-19 e variáveis demográficas e ocupacionais. Considerou-se variáveis estatisticamente significativas com base em um p<0,05. Resultados: a prevalência da COVID-19 foi de 30% (IC95%: 27,8-32,3). Fisioterapeutas da região Sudeste tiveram menores chances de ter diagnóstico da COVID-19. Fisioterapeutas que prestaram assistência em hospital de campanha, que ficaram isolados da família e que tem crianças menores de 12 em casa tiveram chances aumentadas para o diagnóstico da infecção. Conclusão: questões sociodemográficas e ocupacionais impactam no aumento do diagnóstico de Covid-19 entre profissionais fisioterapeutas, o que enfatiza a necessidade de um sistema de saúde de qualidade, igualitário nas diferentes regiões brasileiras.(AU)

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 among Brazilian physiotherapists and its associated factors. Method: cross-sectional study, according to an online survey, with the participation of 670 physiotherapists from all regions of Brazil. An adaptation of the respondent driven sampling method to the virtual environment was used to collect data. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyzes were used to identify associations between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and demographic and occupational variables. Variables were considered statistically significant based on p<0.05. Results: the prevalence of COVID-19 was 30% (95%CI: 27.8-32.3). In the Southeast region, physiotherapists were less likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19. Physiotherapists who provided care in a field hospital, who were isolated from their families and who have children under 12 years of age at home had an increased chance of being diagnosed with the infection.Conclusion: sociodemographic and occupational issues impact the increase in COVID-19 diagnoses among physiotherapists, which emphasizes the need for a quality and egalitarian health system in different Brazilian regions.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la tasa de prevalencia del COVID-19 en fisioterapeutas de Brasil y analizar sus factores asociados. Método: realizamos un estudio transversal mediante una encuesta on-line, en la que participaron 670 fisioterapeutas de todas las áreas de Brasil. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó una adaptación del método respondent driven sampling al entorno virtual. Se utilizaron análisis bivariados y de regresión logística múltiple para identificar la asociación entre el diagnóstico COVID-19 y variables demográficas y ocupacionales. Las variables se consideraron estadísticamente significativas en función de una p<0,05. Resultados: la prevalencia de COVID-19 fue del 30% (IC 95%: 27,8-32,3). Los fisioterapeutas del sudeste tenían menos probabilidades de ser diagnosticados de COVID-19. Los fisioterapeutas que prestaban asistencia en un hospital de campaña, que estaban aislados de sus familias y que tenían hijos menores de 12 años en casa tenían más probabilidades de que se les diagnosticara la infección. Conclusiones: aspectos sociodemográficos y ocupacionales inciden en el aumento del diagnóstico de COVID-19 entre los fisioterapeutas profesionales, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de un sistema de salud de calidad e igualitario en las diferentes regiones brasileñas.(AU)

Identificação de sinais precoces de alteração/ transtornos mentais em puérperas para promoção do autocuidado / Identification of early signs of change/mental disorders in puerpera to promote self-care / Identificación de signos tempranos de cambio/trastornos mentales en mujeres puerperales para promover el cuidado personal

Objetivo: identificar sinais precoces de alterações e/ou transtornos mentais em puérperas para promoção do autocuidado. Método: a população estudada foram puérperas atendidas na unidade básica de saúde. Resultados: as puérperas participantes enquadram-se como mulheres em idade reprodutiva, classificadas como mães adolescentes e mães adultas jovens. São mulheres que reconhecem a necessidade da prática do autocuidado, mas que possuem alguns entraves ligados às mais diferentes realidades e cotidiano em que estas estão inseridas, tornando fatores de risco para transtornos/alterações mentais durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Conclusão: a efetivação da assistência integral à saúde das mulheres, ocorridas durante o pré-natal, parto e nascimento, são condições essenciais para a prevenção de transtornos e doenças mentais ocorridos numa fase tão ímpar que é o período puerperal

Objective: to identify early signs of changes and/or mental disorders in postpartum women to promote self-care. Method: the population studied were postpartum women treated at the basic health unit. Results: the participating puerperal women are classified as women of reproductive age, classified as adolescent mothers and young adult mothers. These are women who recognize the need to practice self-care, but who have some obstacles linked to the most different realities and daily life in which they are inserted, making them risk factors for mental disorders/changes during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. Conclusion: the effectiveness of comprehensive care for women's health, which occurs during prenatal care, childbirth and birth, are essential conditions for the prevention of disorders and mental illnesses that occur in such a unique phase that is the puerperal period

Objetivos: identificar signos tempranos de cambios y/o trastornos mentales en puérperas para promover el autocuidado. Metodo: la población estudiada fueron puérperas atendidas en la unidad básica de salud. Resultados: las puérperas participantes se clasifican en mujeres en edad reproductiva, clasificadas en madres adolescentes y madres adultas jóvenes. Se trata de mujeres que reconocen la necesidad de practicar el autocuidado, pero que tienen algunos obstáculos ligados a las más diversas realidades y al cotidiano en que están insertas, convirtiéndolas en factores de riesgo para trastornos/alteraciones mentales durante el ciclo embarazo-puerperio. Conclusión: la eficacia de la atención integral a la salud de la mujer, que se da durante la atención prenatal, el parto y el parto, son condiciones indispensables para la prevención de los trastornos y enfermedades mentales que se dan en una fase tan singular que es el puerperio

Assistência da Prática Avançada de Enfermagem nas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: uma scoping review / Advanced Practice Nursing assistance in noncommunicable chronic diseases: a scoping review

OBJETIVO: Mapear na literatura como ocorre a assistência da prática avançada de enfermagem às pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. MÉTODO: Scoping review, realizada em bases de dados e fontes de literatura cinzenta pelo cruzamento dos descritores "Prática Avançada de Enfermagem"; "Atenção Primária à Saúde"; "Resultados, efeitos, impactos, consequências" em inglês. RESULTADOS: a amostra foi de 24 artigos, 10 (41,60%) enfocam a assistência de enfermagem de prática avançada em pacientes com diabetes; seis (25,00%) no campo dos pacientes com doença cardiovascular; três (12,50%) no campo dos pacientes com câncer; três (12,50%) abordam o papel da prática avançada em mais de uma doença crônica não transmissível e dois (8,30%) abordam o desempenho em pacientes com doenças respiratórias. CONCLUSÃO: identificou-se a assistência da prática avançada de enfermagem às pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e observou-se resultados positivos na atenção das quatro doenças crônicas estudadas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe how advanced practice nursing support is provided to individuals with noncommunicable chronic diseases in primary health care through a literature review. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted using databases and grey literature sources by intersecting the terms "advanced practice nursing"; "primary health care"; "outcomes, effects, impacts, consequences" in English. Results: The sample consisted of 24 articles, of which 10 (41.60%) focused on advanced nursing practice support in patients with diabetes; six (25.00%) in the area of patients with cardiovascular disease; three (12.50%) in the area of patients with cancer; three (12.50%) addressed the role of advanced practice in more than one noncommunicable chronic disease, and two (8.30%) addressed performance in patients with respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: Advanced nursing practice support for individuals with noncommunicable chronic diseases was identified, and positive outcomes were observed in the care of the four chronic diseases studied.

Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines on the integration of spirituality into mental health clinical practice: Part 1. Spiritual history and differential diagnosis

Objectives: To present evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice regarding religiosity and spirituality in mental health care in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify potentially eligible articles indexed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. A summary of recommendations and their levels of evidence was produced in accordance with Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. Results: The systematic review identified 6,609 articles, 41 of which satisfied all inclusion criteria. Taking a spiritual history was found to be an essential part of a compassionate and culturally sensitive approach to care. It represents a way of obtaining relevant information about the patient's religiosity/spirituality, potential conflicts that could impact treatment adherence, and improve patient satisfaction. Consistent evidence shows that reported perceptual experiences are unreliable for differentiating between anomalous experiences and psychopathology. Negative symptoms, cognitive and behavioral disorganization, and functional impairment are more helpful for distinguishing pathological and non-pathological anomalous experiences. Conclusion: Considering the importance of religiosity/spirituality for many patients, a spiritual history should be routinely included in mental health care. Anomalous experiences are highly prevalent, requiring a sensitive and evidence-based approach to differential diagnosis.

Orientações de enfermagem para pessoas com estomia intestinal em cenário extra hospitalar: scoping review / Nursing guidelines for people with intestinal ostomy in extra-hospital scenario: scoping review / Directrices de enfermería para personas con ostomía intestinal en escenario extrahospitalario: scoping review

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear na literatura as orientações de enfermagem para pessoas com estomias intestinais na atenção primária à saúde e centros de referência. Método: scoping review desenvolvida em abril e maio de 2022, em bases nacionais e internacionais e fontes de literatura cinzenta. Utilizou-se os descritores: Ostomia; Colostomia; Ileostomia; Educação em Saúde; Atenção Primária; Serviços de Saúde e suas traduções no inglês. Seguiu-se as etapas recomendadas pelo Joana Briggs Institute e registrou-se na plataforma Open Science Framework. Resultados: foram identificados 2242 estudos, sendo 17 selecionados para composição amostral. As orientações versaram predominantemente sobre autocuidado com estomia e pele periestomal, escolha de equipamentos coletores e adjuvantes e aspectos sobre aceitação e adaptação. Conclusão: Identificou-se na literatura as principais orientações de enfermagem dirigidas às pessoas com estomia. O estudo contribui para prática em Enfermagem diante do raciocínio das necessidades e dos cuidados qualificados a serem dispensados à pessoa com estomia na integralidade da atenção(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective: to map in the literature the nursing guidelines for people with intestinal ostomies in primary health care and referral centers. Method: scoping review developed in April and May 2022, in national and international bases and gray literature sources. The descriptors were used: Ostomy; Colostomy; Ileostomy; Health Education; Primary Attention; Health Services and their English translations. Followed the steps recommended by the Joana Briggs Institute and registered on the Open Science Framework platform. Results: were identified 2242 studies, 17 of which were selected for sample composition. The guidelines focused predominantly on self-care with ostomy and peristomal skin, choice of collector and adjuvant equipment, and aspects of acceptance and adaptation. Conclusion: the main nursing guidelines for people with ostomy were identified in the literature. The study contributes to nursing practice in view of the reasoning of the needs and qualified care to be provided to the person with an ostomy in the integrality of care(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear en la literatura las directrices de enfermería para personas con ostomías intestinales en la atención primaria de salud y centros de referencia. Método: Scoping Review desarrollado en abril y mayo de 2022, en bases nacionales e internacionales y fuentes de literatura gris. Se utilizaron los descriptores: ostomía; colostomía; ileostomía; Educación en salud; atención primaria; servicios de salud y sus traducciones al inglés. Se siguieron las etapas recomendadas por el Instituto Joana Briggs y se hizo el registro en la plataforma Open Science Framework. Resultados: se identificaron 2242 estudios, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados para composición de la muestra. Las orientaciones se centraron predominantemente en el autocuidado con ostomía y piel periestomal, elección de equipos colectores y adyuvantes, y aspectos de aceptación y adaptación. Conclusión: Se identificaron en la literatura las principales orientaciones de enfermería para personas con ostomía. El estudio contribuye a la práctica de enfermería en vista del razonamiento de las necesidades y cuidados calificados a ser prestados a la persona con ostomía en la integralidad del cuidado(AU)

Uso da laserterapia de baixa potência no tratamento cutâneo da leishmaniose: um estudo quase-experimental / The use of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a quasi-experimental study

OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos do laser de baixa potência na intervenção às lesões decorrentes da Leishmaniose Cutânea. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, duplo-cego e randomizado realizado em um centro de referência do Norte de Minas Gerais. Foram alocados aleatoriamente 07 pacientes que foram submetidos ao tratamento endovenoso e curativos locais da leishmaniose cutânea, a saber: 03 no grupo controle, onde fizeram uso do tratamento convencional, e 04 no grupo experimental, que foram submetidos a aplicação da laserterapia de baixa potência, além da terapêutica habitual. Foi avaliado como desfecho primário a redução do tamanho das lesões, por meio da adaptação da ferramenta Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de uma estatística comparativa pareada com teste T. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e experimental. CONCLUSÃO: A laserterapia de baixa potência não parece favorecer a cicatrização das lesões por leishmaniose cutânea.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy in treating lesions resulting from cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS: This is a double-blind, randomized, quasi-experimental study conducted at a reference center in the northern region of Minas Gerais. Seven patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous and local wound care for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Specifically, three patients were assigned to the control group and received conventional treatment, while four patients were assigned to the experimental group and received low-level laser therapy plus standard therapeutic measures. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in lesion size as assessed by the adapted Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing. Paired comparison statistics using the t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy does not appear to improve the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions.

Lesiones cutáneas asociadas con el uso de respiradores N95 en profesionales de la salud de Brasil durante 2020 / Skin lesions associated with the use of N95 respirators among health professionals in Brazil in 2020 / Lesões de pele associadas ao uso de respiradores N95 entre profissionais de saúde no Brasil em 2020

Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas y factores asociados con el uso de respiradores N95 en profesionales de la salud de Brasil. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 11.368 profesionales de la salud en el que se empleó un método de muestreo dirigido por encuestados adaptado para entornos en línea. Se ejecutaron análisis univariados y multivariados para investigar la asociación entre la variable "lesiones cutáneas por utilizar respiradores N95" y sexo, categoría profesional, lugar de trabajo, capacitación, diagnóstico de COVID-19 y disponibilidad de suficiente provisión de Equipo de Protección Personal de buena calidad. Resultados: la prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas fue del 61,8%. Las mujeres fueron 1,203 veces (IC 95%: 1,154-1,255) más propensas a desarrollar lesiones que los hombres. La probabilidad de lesiones cutáneas en psicólogos (RP=0,805; IC 95%: 0,678-0,956) y dentistas (RP=0,884; IC 95%: 0,788-0,992) fue menor en comparación con la encontrada en los profesionales de Enfermería. Los profesionales con diagnóstico positivo de COVID-19 y que trabajan en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos son más propensos a sufrir lesiones cutáneas (RP=1,074; IC 95%: 1,042-1,107); (RP=1,203; IC 95%: 1,168-1,241), respectivamente, Conclusión: la prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas causadas por utilizar respiradores N95 fue del 61,8% y estuvo asociada al sexo femenino, a la categoría profesional, al lugar de trabajo, a la capacitación, a diagnóstico de COVID-19 y a la disponibilidad de suficiente provisión de Equipo de Protección Personal de buena calidad.

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of skin lesions and factors associated with the use of N95 respirators among health professionals in Brazil. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 11,368 health professionals using a respondent-driven sampling method adapted for online environments. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between the "skin lesions with the use of N95 respirators" variable and gender, professional category, workplace, training, COVID-19 diagnosis, and availability of sufficient and high-quality Personal Protective Equipment. Results: the prevalence of skin lesions was 61.8%. Women were 1.203 times (95% CI: 1.154-1.255) more likely to develop a lesion than men. The chances of skin lesions in psychologists (PR=0.805; 95% CI: 0.678-0.956) and dentists (PR=0.884; 95% CI: 0.788-0.992), were lower when compared to Nursing professionals. Professionals with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis and working in the Intensive Care Unit have an increased chance of presenting skin lesions (PR=1.074; 95% CI: 1.042-1.107); (PR=1.203; 95% CI: 1.168-1.241), respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of skin lesions caused by the use of N95 respirators was 61.8% and was associated with female gender, professional category, workplace, training, COVID-19 diagnosis, and availability of sufficient and highquality Personal Protective Equipment.

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de lesões de pele e fatores associados ao uso de respiradores N95 entre profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 11.368 profissionais de saúde por meio de um método de amostragem dirigido por respondentes adaptado para ambientes online. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas para investigar a associação entre a variável "lesão de pele com uso de respirador N95" e sexo, categoria profissional, local de trabalho, treinamento, diagnóstico de COVID-19 e disponibilidade suficiente de equipamentos de proteção individual de qualidade. Resultados: a prevalência de lesões cutâneas foi de 61,8%. As mulheres foram 1,203 vezes (IC 95%: 1.154-1.255) mais propensas a desenvolver uma lesão do que os homens. As chances de lesão de pele em psicólogos (RP=0,805; IC 95%: 0,678-0,956) e dentistas (RP=0,884; IC 95%: 0,788-0,992) foram menores quando comparados aos profissionais de Enfermagem. Profissionais com diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 e que trabalham em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos têm maior chance de apresentar lesões de pele (RP=1,074; IC 95%: 1,042-1,107); (RP=1,203; IC 95%: 1,168- 1,241), respectivamente. Conclusão: a prevalência de lesões de pele causadas pelo uso do respirador N95 foi de 61,8% e esteve associada ao sexo feminino, categoria profissional, local de trabalho, treinamento, diagnóstico de COVID-19 e disponibilidade suficiente de equipamentos de proteção individual de qualidade.