RESUMO
Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with nilotinib or ponatinib may experience arterial occlusive events (AOEs). It is currently recommended to thoroughly assess cardiovascular risk factors before treating CML. We identified 455 consecutive CML adult patients, 335 treated with nilotinib and 120 with ponatinib; 380 patients without previous cardiovascular diseases or diabetes were stratified according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP). This updated algorithm from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) estimates a 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular diseases. It is based on sex, age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and European geographical region of cardiovascular risk. The SCORE2/SCORE2-OP algorithm translated more patients (50.2%) to the high-very high cardiovascular risk category than the previous SCORE (25.3%). Patients with a high to very high SCORE2/SCORE2-OP risk showed a significantly higher incidence rate of AOEs (69.2% vs. 46.5%, p < 0.001). The older SCORE was less specific in estimating AOEs in patients classified as low-intermediate risk (69.8 vs. 54.2%). In multivariate analysis, no associations were found between AOEs and gender, age, and type or dose of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Only the SCORE2/SCORE2-OP risk was confirmed as a significant predictive factor (p = 0.028; hazard ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.5). Patients with AOEs required, in most cases, imaging diagnostic tests, additional drugs, and sometimes invasive procedures, increasing access to visits and hospital management. This real-life study suggested that the SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP charts could help identify cardiovascular fragility in CML patients providing them with more attention and a proper TKI selection.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Piridazinas , Adulto , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/induzido quimicamente , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Purpose: Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who present a sustained deep molecular response (DMR) for a stable period of time might benefit from discontinuing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A significant number of patients seem able to reach this stage due to the availability of TKIs. However, many patients remain reluctant about TKI discontinuation and may refuse treatment interruption. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and psycho-cognitive factors that may influence the decision to discontinue TKI therapy, thereby gaining a better understanding of patients' viewpoints on TKI discontinuation. Patients and Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients diagnosed with CML aged between 34 and 69 were enrolled (67 males and 52 females). Different clinical information and psycho-cognitive aspects such as attitude toward risk behaviours, risk preferences, need for cognitive closure, and tendency to resist to changes were assessed through the administration of a battery of questionnaires. Results: A higher tendency toward risk behaviours and the tendency to focus on possible gain in the short term rather than on losses might represent important predictors for the willingness to accept TKI discontinuation. Possible relapses following interruption of the therapy are the most common reason for concern. Furthermore, lower levels of resistance to change and having previously experienced the desire to interrupt the therapy might lead patients to accept a higher probability of relapse risk when facing such a decision. Conclusion: TKI discontinuation appears appealing and challenging at the same time for many CML patients, and different factors may influence this decision. Psychology plays a crucial role in assisting physician-patient communication and informed decision-making.
RESUMO
Limited information is available on the efficacy of front-line bendamustine and rituximab (BR) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with reduced renal function or coexisting conditions. We therefore analyzed a cohort of real-world patients and performed a matched adjusted indirect comparison with a cohort of patients treated with ibrutinib. One hundred and fifty-seven patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) <70 mL/min and/or CIRS score >6 were treated with BR. The median age was 72 years; 69% of patients had ≥2 comorbidities and the median CrCl was 59.8 mL/min. 17.6% of patients carried TP53 disruption. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 45 months; TP53 disruption was associated with a shorter PFS (P = 0.05). The overall survival (OS) at 12, 24, and 36 months was 96.2%, 90.1%, and 79.5%, respectively. TP53 disruption was associated with an increased risk of death (P = 0.01). Data on 162 patients ≥65 years treated with ibrutinib were analyzed and compared with 165 patients ≥65 years treated with BR. Factors predicting for a longer PFS at multivariable analysis in the total patient population treated with BR and ibrutinib were age (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, P < 0.01) and treatment with ibrutinib (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33-0.93, P = 0.03). In a post hoc analysis of patients in advanced stage, a significant PFS advantage was observed in patient who had received ibrutinib (P = 0.03), who showed a trend for OS advantage (P = 0.08). We arrived at the following conclusions: (a) BR is a relatively effective first-line regimen in a real-world population of unfit patients without TP53 disruption, (b) ibrutinib provided longer disease control than BR in patients with advanced disease stage.
Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Adenina/efeitos adversos , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/etiologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Proteção , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hypertension is a commonly reported comorbidity in patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and its management represents a challenge in patients treated with 2nd- or 3rd-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), considering their additional cardiovascular (CV) toxicity. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to hypertension genesis and plays an important role in atherosclerosis development, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic cells. We analyzed a cohort of 192 patients with hypertension at CML diagnosis, who were treated with 2nd- or 3rd-generation TKIs, and evaluated the efficacy of RAS inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs)) in the prevention of arterial occlusive events (AOEs), as compared with other drug classes. The 5-year cumulative incidence of AOEs was 32.7 ± 4.2%. Patients with SCORE ≥ 5% (high-very-high) showed a significantly higher incidence of AOEs (33.7 ± 7.6% vs 13.6 ± 4.8%, p = 0.006). The AOE incidence was significantly lower in patients treated with RAS inhibitors (14.8 ± 4.2% vs 44 ± 1%, p < 0.001, HR = 0.283). The difference in the low and intermediate Sokal risk group was confirmed but not in the high-risk group, where a lower RAS expression has been reported. Our data suggest that RAS inhibitors may represent an optimal treatment in patients with hypertension and CML, treated with 2nd or 3rdG TKIs.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Trombose/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/classificação , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Trombose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Limited information is available regarding the rate of long-term cardiovascular (CV) mortality in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients treated with second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2ndG/3rdG TKIs) in the real-life practice. METHODS: We identified 656 consecutive CML patients treated with nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib. RESULTS: The 15-year CV-mortality free survival was 93⯱â¯2.8%. Age ≥65 years (pâ¯=â¯0.005) and a positive history of CV disease (pâ¯=â¯0.04) were significantly associated with a lower CV-mortality free survival. CV disease accounted for 16.5% and 5% of potential years of life lost (PYLL) in male and female patients, respectively. The standard mortality ratio (SMR) following ischemic heart disease (IHD) was 3.9 in males and 3.8 in female patients, meaning an excess of IHD deaths observed, in comparison with the population of control. CONCLUSION: Prevention strategies based on CV risk factors, in particular in those patients with a previous history of CV disease, should be considered.
Assuntos
Compostos de Anilina , Cardiotoxicidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Dasatinibe , Imidazóis , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrilas , Piridazinas , Pirimidinas , Quinolinas , Idoso , Compostos de Anilina/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Anilina/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Cardiotoxicidade/mortalidade , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dasatinibe/administração & dosagem , Dasatinibe/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Itália/epidemiologia , Expectativa de Vida , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/induzido quimicamente , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/mortalidade , Masculino , Mortalidade , Nitrilas/administração & dosagem , Nitrilas/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Piridazinas/administração & dosagem , Piridazinas/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Quinolinas/administração & dosagem , Quinolinas/efeitos adversos , Risco Ajustado/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have transformed CP-CML management, limited data exist on their use in clinical practice. METHODS: SIMPLICITY (NCT01244750) is an observational study in CP-CML patients, exploring first-line (1L) TKI use and management patterns in the US and Europe. Over half of the patients recruited in Europe are from Italy (n=266). This is an analysis of the Italian cohort and a comparison with the rest of the European SIMPLICITY population. Baseline demographic, factors influencing the choice of first-line TKI, response monitoring patterns and predictors of monitoring, and treatment interruptions, discontinuations and switching by index TKIs are presented for the Italian cohort in the first year of treatment and compared with that for the overall European SIMPLICITY cohort. RESULTS: Italian patients received 1L imatinib (IM; retrospective [(n=31]; prospective [n=106]), dasatinib (DAS; n=56) or nilotinib (NIL; n=73). Documented cytogenetic response monitoring by 12 months was lower than expected, but almost all patients had documented molecular response monitoring. Fewer patients discontinued first-line TKI by 12 months in Italy compared with the rest of the European SIMPLICITY population (p=0.003). Of those with ≥12 months follow-up since the start of 1L TKI, only 7.1% (n=19) of Italian patients switched to a second-line TKI, a third less than in the rest of the European SIMPLICITY population. Of interest, intolerance as opposed to resistance, was the main reason for switching. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides valuable insights into management and treatment patterns in Italian patients with CML within routine clinical practice.
RESUMO
There is little information about cardiovascular adverse event (CV-AE) incidence in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with bosutinib in the real-life practice. We identified 54 consecutive CML patients treated with bosutinib, stratified according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) assessment, based on sex, age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels. The 40-month cumulative incidence of CV-AEs was 25.2 ± 8.1%. Patients with the SCORE of high-very high showed a significantly higher incidence of CV-AEs (55 ± 12.9% vs 9 ± 9.5%; p = 0.002). Overall, 9 CV-AEs were reported, with 2 deaths attributed to CV-AE. In conclusion, the SCORE assessment before starting treatment is helpful in identifying CV-AE high-risk patients during bosutinib treatment.
Assuntos
Compostos de Anilina/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/induzido quimicamente , Nitrilas/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Quinolinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angina Pectoris/induzido quimicamente , Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico , Angina Pectoris/fisiopatologia , Compostos de Anilina/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Isquemia Encefálica/induzido quimicamente , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Dasatinibe/administração & dosagem , Dasatinibe/efeitos adversos , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib/administração & dosagem , Mesilato de Imatinib/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/enzimologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Nitrilas/administração & dosagem , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/fisiopatologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Quinolinas/administração & dosagem , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Risk of death is particularly high in patients with a previous history of arterial occlusive events (AOEs) and the probability for a recurrent event is around 20%. Little is known about recurrent AOE and the role of secondary prevention in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) with previous AOE, treated with second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2ndG/3rdG TKIs), nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib. METHODS: We identified a real-life cohort of 57 consecutive adult CML patients treated with 2ndG/3rdG TKI. All patients had a previous history of AOE. Ongoing use of secondary prevention of AOE (including antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant therapy, and statins) before starting a 2ndG/3rdG TKI was recorded, as well as CV risk factors. RESULTS: The 60-month cumulative incidence rate of recurrent AOEs was 47.8⯱â¯10.9%. Despite a history of AOE, 10 patients (16%) were not receiving secondary preventative measures. Patients treated with nilotinib and ponatinib showed a higher incidence of recurrent AOEs (76.7⯱â¯14.3% and 64⯱â¯20.1%, respectively) than those treated with dasatinib and bosutinib (44⯱â¯24.2% and 30.5⯱â¯15.5%, respectively) (pâ¯=â¯0.01). Only treatment with a 2ndG/3rdG TKI given as second or subsequent line therapy showed a significant association with an increased incidence of recurrent AOE (pâ¯=â¯0.039). Overall, 17 recurrent AOEs were observed; 3 CV-related deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: CML patients with a previous history of AOE treated with 2ndG/3rdG TKI represent a particular patient population with a higher probability of experiencing a recurrent AOE; individualized treatment is needed to optimize secondary prevention.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/etiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/epidemiologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Itália/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Arterial occlusive events (AOEs) represent emerging complications in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with ponatinib. We identified 85 consecutive CML adult patients who were treated with ponatinib in 17 Italian centers. Patients were stratified according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) assessment, based on sex, age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels. The 60-month cumulative incidence rate of AOEs excluding hypertension was 25.7%. Hypertension was reported in 14.1% of patients. The median time of exposure to ponatinib was 28 months (range, 3-69 months). Patients with a high to very high SCORE risk showed a significantly higher incidence rate of AOEs (74.3% vs 15.2%, P < 0.001). Patients aged ≥60 years showed a significantly higher incidence rate of AOEs (51.5% vs 16.9%, P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, no association was found between AOEs and positive history of CV disease, age, dose of ponatinib, previous exposure to nilotinib, and comorbidities. Only the SCORE risk was confirmed as a significant predictive factor (P = 0.01; HR = 10.9; 95% C.I. = 1.7-67.8). Patients aged ≥60 years who were treated with aspirin had a lower incidence rate of AOEs (33.3% vs 61.8%). Among the 14 reported AOEs, 78.6% of them showed grade 3 to 4 toxicity. This real-life study confirmed the increased incidence of AOEs in CML patients treated with ponatinib, with high to very high SCORE risk. We suggest that patients aged ≥60 years who were treated with ponatinib should undergo prophylaxis with 100 mg/day of aspirin. Our findings emphasize personalized prevention strategies based on CV risk factors.
Assuntos
Oclusão Coronária/induzido quimicamente , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Piridazinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Cardiologia/métodos , Oclusão Coronária/complicações , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Itália/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Masculino , Oncologia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: The main objective of this study is to gain further insights on how chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients involved in an interventional clinical trial with the purpose of reaching treatment free remission (TFR) phase, perceived and experienced TFR failure. TFR failure was defined for the individual patient as either not being eligible for drug discontinuation or as having relapse in the TFR phase with reintroduction of nilotinib treatment. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, out of 25 patients with CML who experienced TFR failure 14 were interviewed. Patients' views and experiences were explored using in-depth interviews, analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: The analysis of the interviews revealed that the experience of the diagnosis seems to have been lived as a traumatic break that has created a dichotomy, like an ambivalence in the ways in which CML patients perceived and experienced the whole disease journey, with contradictory feelings of both positive and negative emotions (e.g., a diagnosis of cancer, that is something distressing and of being afraid of, but also with a treatment and a life expectancies of which being grateful). This ambivalence of feelings was found to give meaning to the way in which patients cognitively and emotionally experienced the different steps of their disease history. Thus, four main issues, corresponding to different steps of the patients' journey, were identified: (1) the moment of the diagnosis, (2) the experience of the illness journey: disease and treatment, (3) the moment of "TFR failure," and (4) the impact of disease, treatment and relapse on the patient's life. Conclusion: This qualitative analysis helps in understanding patients' perspective, both in terms of getting access to the inner subjective experience of having CML and its strict relationship with the involvement in a trial or its cessation. Clinicians should consider that the way in which CML patients feel engaged in a clinical trial, create expectancies about TFR or experience the TFR failure is linked to the process of coping with the diagnosis, which is characterized by ambivalence.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos CD34/análise , Células da Medula Óssea/patologia , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/toxicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We performed an observational study on the efficacy of ben-damustine and rituximab (BR) as first salvage regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In an intention-to-treat analysis including 237 patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 25 months. The presence of del(17p), unmutated IGHV and advanced stage were associated with a shorter PFS at multivariate analysis. The median time-to-next treatment was 31.3 months. Front-line treatment with a chemoimmunotherapy regimen was the only predictive factor for a shorter time to next treatment at multivariate analysis. The median overall survival (OS) was 74.5 months. Advanced disease stage (i.e. Rai stage III-IV or Binet stage C) and resistant disease were the only parameters significantly associated with a shorter OS. Grade 3-5 infections were recorded in 6.3% of patients. A matched-adjusted indirect comparison with ibrutinib given second-line within Named Patient Programs in the United Kingdom and in Italy was carried out with OS as objective end point. When restricting the analysis to patients with intact 17p who had received chemoimmunotherapy in first line, there was no difference in OS between patients treated with ibrutinib (63% alive at 36 months) and patients treated with BR (74.4% alive at 36 months). BR is an efficacious first salvage regimen in CLL in a real-life population, including the elderly and unfit patients. BR and ibrutinib may be equally effective in terms of OS when used as first salvage treatment in patients without 17p deletion.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/administração & dosagem , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Humanos , Itália , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piperidinas , Prognóstico , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Retratamento , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Terapia de Salvação , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Pleural effusion (PE) represents the leading cause of dasatinib (DAS) discontinuation. However, the pathogenic mechanism of this adverse event (AE) is unknown and its management unclear. We investigated if a DAS dose reduction after the first PE would prevent the recurrence of this AE. We retrospectively collected data on all the cases of PE in CML-chronic phase (CP) DAS-treated patients from November 2005 to February 2017 in 21 Italian hematological centers. We identified 196 cases of PE in a series of 853 CML-CP DAS-treated patients (incidence 23.0%). DAS starting dose was 100 mg/day in 70.4% of patients, less than 100 mg/day in 14.3%, and more than 100 mg/day in the remaining cases. Median time from DAS start to PE was 16.6 months. At first PE development, 28.6% of patients were in MMR, and 37.8% in deep molecular response (DMR). DAS was temporary interrupted in 71.9% of cases, with a dose reduction in 59.2%. Recurrence was observed in 59.4% of the cases. Treatment was definitively discontinued due to PE in 29.1% of the cases. Interestingly, among patients whose DAS dosage was reduced, 59.5% experienced PE recurrence. DAS dose reduction after the first episode of PE did not prevent recurrence of this AE. Therefore, once a MMR or a DMR is achieved, different strategies of DAS dose management can be proposed prior to the development of PE, such as daily dose reduction or, as an alternative option, an on/off treatment with a weekend drug holiday.
Assuntos
Dasatinibe/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Derrame Pleural/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Regulação Leucêmica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Derrame Pleural/epidemiologia , Derrame Pleural/genética , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/virologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Ativação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Medição de Risco , Ativação Viral/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) drastically changed the outcome of patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Several reports indicated the advantage of continue long-term adherence associated with positive outcome. Therefore, it is important to better understand from the patient's standpoint the experience of living with the disease and the related treatment. OBJECTIVES: In this study, quantitative analysis and narrative medicine were combined to get insights on this issue in a population of 257 patients with CML in chronic phase treated with TKIs (43 % men, with a median age of 58 years, 27 % aged 31-50 years), followed for a median time of 5 years. Sixty-one percent of patients enrolled were treated in first line, whereas 37 % were treated in second line. RESULTS: The results showed more positive perceptions and acceptance in males compared to females, without impact of disease on relationships. Level of positive acceptance was more evident in elderly compared to younger patients, with a close connection with median time from diagnosis. Overall, female patients reported negative perceptions and an impact of disease on family daily living. The majority of patients understood the importance of continue adherence to treatment, with 27 % resulting less adherent (60 % for forgetfulness), even if well informed and supported by his/her physician. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Narrative medicine, in association to quantitative analysis, can help physicians to understand needs of their patients in order to improve communication.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/psicologia , Narração , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically changed the prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). They have a distinct toxicity profile that includes glycometabolic alterations: i.e. diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these alterations in a cohort of CML-chronic phase patients treated with imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib. METHODS: The study involved 168 consecutive CML-chronic phase patients with no history of DM/IFG or MS. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed, and DM/IFG and MS were diagnosed based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III, respectively. RESULTS: The nilotinib group had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin resistance, and total and LDL cholesterol than the imatinib and dasatinib groups. DM/IFG were identified in 25% of the imatinib- and dasatinib-treated patients, and 33% of those in the nilotinib cohort (p = 0.39 vs imatinib and p = 0.69 vs dasatinib). A diagnosis of MS was made in 42.4% of the imatinib-treated patients, 37.5% of the dasatinib-treated patients, and 36.1% of the nilotinib-treated patients (p = 0.46 vs imatinib and p = 0.34 vs dasatinib). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with nilotinib does not seem to induce DM/IFG or the MS to a significantly higher extent than imatinib or dasatinib, though it causes a worse glycometabolic profile. These findings suggest the need for a close monitoring of glucose and lipid metabolism and a multidisciplinary approach in patients treated with nilotinib.