Identifying ligands for the PHD1 finger of KDM5A through high-throughput screening.

PHD fingers are a type of chromatin reader that primarily recognize chromatin as a function of lysine methylation state. Dysregulated PHD fingers are implicated in various human diseases, including acute myeloid leukemia. Targeting PHD fingers with small molecules is considered challenging as their histone tail binding pockets are often shallow and surface-exposed. The KDM5A PHD1 finger regulates the catalytic activity of KDM5A, an epigenetic enzyme often misregulated in cancers. To identify ligands that disrupt the PHD1-histone peptide interaction, we conducted a high-throughput screen and validated hits by orthogonal methods. We further elucidated structure-activity relationships in two classes of compounds to identify features important for binding. Our investigation offers a starting point for further optimization of small molecule PHD1 ligands.

Liposomes Loaded with Amaranth Unsaponifiable Matter and Soybean Lunasin Prevented Melanoma Tumor Development Overexpressing Caspase-3 in an In Vivo Model.

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of liposomes loaded with soybean lunasin and amaranth unsaponifiable matter (UM + LunLip) as a source of squalene in the prevention of melanoma skin cancer in an allograft mice model. Tumors were induced by transplanting melanoma B16-F10 cells into the mice. The most effective treatments were those including UM + LunLip, with no difference between the lunasin concentrations (15 or 30 mg/kg body weight); however, these treatments were statistically different from the tumor-bearing untreated control (G3) (p < 0.05). The groups treated with topical application showed significant inhibition (68%, p < 0.05) compared to G3. The groups treated with subcutaneous injections showed significant inhibition (up to 99%, p < 0.05) in G3. During tumor development, UM + LunLip treatments under-expressed Ki-67 (0.2-fold compared to G3), glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (0.1-fold compared to G3), and overexpressed caspase-3 (30-fold compared to G3). In addition, larger tumors showed larger necrotic areas (38% with respect to the total tumor) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the UM + LunLip treatment was effective when applied either subcutaneously or topically in the melanoma tumor-developing groups, as it slowed down cell proliferation and activated apoptosis.

Liposomes Containing Amaranth Unsaponifiable Matter and Soybean Lunasin Suppress ROS Production in Fibroblasts and Reduced Interleukin Production in Macrophages.

Inflammation is a normal response in defense to agents that may cause damage to the human body. When inflammation becomes chronic, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced; which could lead to diseases such as cancer. The aim was to assess liposomes' antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity loaded with amaranth unsaponifiable matter and soybean lunasin (UM + LunLip) in an in vitro model using fibroblasts and macrophages. To evaluate ROS production, fibroblasts CHON-002 ABAP were added to promote ROS production; and the cells were treated with UM + LunLip. For inflammation markers production, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and peritoneal macrophages were treated with empty liposomes (EmLip), liposomes loaded with unsaponifiable matter (UMLip), liposomes loaded with lunasin (LunLip), and UM + LunLip. ROS production was significantly decreased by 77% (p < 0.05) when fibroblasts were treated with UM + LunLip at 2 mg lunasin/mL compared with the control treated with ABAP. Treatment with UMLip was the most effective in reducing tumor necrosis factor-α (71-90%) and interleukin-6 (43-55%, p < 0.001). Both liposomes containing unsaponifiable matter (UMLip and UM + LunLip) were more effective than EmLip or LunLip. In conclusion, amaranth unsaponifiable matter-loaded liposomes are effective in decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Diastereomeric Separation of Chiral fac-Tricarbonyl(iminopyridine) Rhenium(I) Complexes and Their Cytotoxicity Studies: Approach toward an Action Mechanism against Glioblastoma.

A series of new (tricarbonyl)rhenium(I) complexes were synthesized using chiral bidentate ligands (+)/(-)-iminopyridines (LR/LS). The reaction yielded a mixture of mononuclear Re(I) diastereoisomers, formulated as fac-[Br(CO)3Re(S/R)L(S/R)]. Each single diastereoisomer was isolated and fully characterized. X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectra verified their enantiomeric nature. The cytotoxicity of each complex was evaluated against six cancer cell lines. The effect of the two complexes on viability, proliferation, and migration was analyzed on glioblastoma cell lines (U251 and LN229). Changes in the expression of histones, apoptotic, and key signaling proteins, as well as alterations in DNA structure, were also observed. These experiments showed that the chirality associated with both metal and ligand has a strong influence on cytotoxicity.

Antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of Gouda cheese at different stages of ripening.

In Mexico, local ripened cheeses such as Chihuahua, Ranchero, and Cotija are produced, being consumed in great quantities together with imported cheeses. Proteolysis that takes place during ripening generates bioactive peptides; in this way the cheese acquires potential as a functional food. The ripening process of Gouda cheese was studied based on its bromatological and sensorial properties, bioactivity, and peptide profile. Ripened cheese met bromatological standard parameters and showed higher overall acceptability. After 90 days, bioactivity reached maximum values for radical scavenging (6.6%), ferric reducing power (11.2%), metal chelating effect (49%), and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity (66.2%). Eight peptides were identified, four from αS1-casein, f(1-9, 1-13, 1-14, and 25-36), and four from ß-casein, f(11-28, 60-63, 193-209, and 197-205). Ripening of Gouda cheese results in a product with functional potential due to the presence of peptides with biological activity. Additionally, the methodology proposed in this work could be used by the dairy industry to monitor the manufacturing process and ripening of other types of cheeses.

Biografía mediática de la apropiación de medios de comunicación y TIC en I.E. en Cartago - Colombia / Media biography of the appropriation of media and ICT in I.E., in Cartago, Colombia / Biografia da mídia e apropriação das TIC em I.E. em Cartago - Colômbia

RESUMEN Se presentan resultados del proyecto de investigación, mapa de conocimiento del uso de medios de comunicación en instituciones educativas de básica y media realizado en Cartago, Colombia en la I.E. (Institución educativa) GABO, la I.E Ciudad Cartago y la I.E Antonio Holguín Garcés. La metodología aplicada fue cualitativa y se utiliza la Investigación Acción Participativa para la construcción de biografías mediáticas a modo de síntesis de resultados. Se identifica una desarticulación entre las políticas públicas e iniciativas del estado a nivel nacional con las dinámicas regionales, un interés particular de la Secretaria de Educación municipal en las acciones por la calidad educativa a nivel local y una postura positiva, crítica y significativa en el papel de las TIC y los medios de comunicación en los procesos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT Results of the research project are presented, map of knowledge of the use of media in basic and medium educational institutions carried out in Cartago, Colombia, in I.E GABO, I.E Ciudad Cartago and I.E Antonio Holguín Garcés. The methodology applied was qualitative and Participatory Action Research is used for the construction of Media Biographies as a synthesis of results. A disarticulation is identified between public policies and initiatives of the state at the national level with regional dynamics, a particular interest of the municipal education secretary in actions for educational quality at the local level and a positive, critical posture and significant in the role of ICT and the media in student learning processes.

RESUMO São apresentados os resultados do projecto de investigação, mapa de conhecimento do uso dos media nas instituições de ensino básico e secundário realizado em Cartago, Colômbia, na I.E. (Instituição Educativa) GABO, na I.E. Ciudad Cartago e na I.E. Antonio Holguín Garcés. A metodologia aplicada foi qualitativa e utilizou a Investigação de Acção Participativa para a construção de biografias dos meios de comunicação como síntese de resultados. É identificada uma desarticulação entre políticas públicas e iniciativas estatais a nível nacional com dinâmica regional, um interesse particular da Secretaria Municipal de Educação nas acções para a qualidade educativa a nível local e uma posição positiva, crítica e significativa sobre o papel das TIC e dos media nos processos de aprendizagem dos estudantes.

Liposomes Loaded with Unsaponifiable Matter from Amaranthus hypochondriacus as a Source of Squalene and Carrying Soybean Lunasin Inhibited Melanoma Cells.

Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a source of molecules with reported health benefits such as antioxidant activity and cancer prevention. The objective of this research was to optimize the conditions for preparing a liposome formulation using amaranth unsaponifiable matter as a source of squalene in order to minimize the particle size and to maximize the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes for carrying and delivering soybean lunasin into melanoma cell lines. Amaranth oil was extracted using supercritical dioxide carbon extraction (55.2 MPa pressure, 80 °C temperature, solvent (CO2)-to-feed (oil) ratio of 20). The extracted oil from amaranth was used to obtain the unsaponifiable enriched content of squalene, which was incorporated into liposomes. A Box-Behnken response surface methodology design was used to optimize the liposome formulation containing the unsaponifiable matter, once liposomes were optimized. Soybean lunasin was loaded into the liposomes and tested on A-375 and B16-F10 melanoma cells. The squalene concentration in the extracted oil was 36.64 ± 0.64 g/ 100 g of oil. The particle size in liposomes was between 115.8 and 163.1 nm; the squalene encapsulation efficiency ranged from 33.14% to 76.08%. The optimized liposome formulation contained 15.27 mg of phospholipids and 1.1 mg of unsaponifiable matter. Cell viability was affected by the liposome formulation with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) equivalent to 225 µM in B16-F10 and 215 µM in A-375. The liposomes formulated with lunasin achieved 82.14 ± 3.34% lunasin encapsulation efficiency and improved efficacy by decreasing lunasin IC50 by 31.81% in B16-F10 and by 41.89% in A-375 compared with unencapsulated lunasin.

Cladodes: Chemical and structural properties, biological activity, and polyphenols profile.

The nopal cactus is an essential part of the Mexican diet and culture. The per capita consumption of young cladodes averages annually to 6.4 kg across the nation. In addition to contributing to the country's food culture, the nopal is considered a food with functional characteristics since, in addition to providing fiber, an important group of polyphenolic compounds is present, which has given cladodes to be considered a healthy food, for what they have been incorporated into the diet of Mexican people and many other countries worldwide. Research suggests that polyphenols from cladodes act as antioxidants and antidiabetics. This review studies the main phenolic components in cladodes and summarizes both conventional and novel methods to identify them.

Bean phenolic compound changes during processing: Chemical interactions and identification.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents one of the main crops for human consumption, due to its nutritional and functional qualities. Phenolic compounds have beneficial health effects, and beans are an essential source of these molecules, being found mainly in the seed coat and its color depends on the concentration and type of phenolic compounds present. The bean during storage and processing, such as cooking, germination, extrusion, and fermentation, undergoes physical, chemical, and structural changes that affect the bioavailability of its nutrients; these changes are related to the interactions between phenolic compounds and other components of the food matrix. This review provides information about the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds present in beans and the changes they undergo during processing. It also includes information on the interactions between the phenolic compounds and the components of the bean's cell wall and the analytical methods used to identify the interactions of phenolic compounds with macromolecules.

Development, Characterization and Use of Liposomes as Amphipathic Transporters of Bioactive Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Reduction of Skin Inflammation: A Review.

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, providing a barrier to the external environment. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The most external epidermis is exposed to stress factors that may lead to skin conditions such as photo-aging and skin cancer. Some treatments for skin disease utilize the incorporation of drugs or bioactive compounds into nanocarriers known as liposomes. Liposomes are membranes whose sizes range from nano to micrometers and are composed mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol, forming similar structures to cell membranes. Thus, skin treatments with liposomes have lower toxicity in comparison to traditional treatment routes such as parenteral and oral. Furthermore, addition of edge activators to the liposomes decreases the rigidity of the bilayer structure making it deformable, thereby improving skin permeability. Liposomes are composed of an aqueous core and a lipidic bilayer, which confers their amphiphilic property. Thus, they can carry hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, even simultaneously. Current applications of these nanocarriers are mainly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. Nevertheless, new research has revealed promising results regarding the effectiveness of liposomes for transporting bioactive compounds through the skin. Liposomes have been well studied; however, additional research is needed on the efficacy of liposomes loaded with bioactive peptides for skin delivery. The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date description of existing techniques for the development of liposomes and their use as transporters of bioactive compounds in skin conditions such as melanoma and skin inflammation. Furthermore, to gain an understanding of the behavior of liposomes during the process of skin delivery of bioactive compounds into skin cells.

Microencapsulation of Vanilla Oleoresin (V. planifolia Andrews) by Complex Coacervation and Spray Drying: Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization.

Vanilla is one of the most popular species in the world. Its main compound, vanillin, is responsible for its characteristic aroma and flavor and its antioxidant and biological properties. Vanillin is very unstable in the presence of oxygen, light, and humidity, which complicates its use and preservation. Therefore, to solve this problem, this study aimed to develop vanilla oleoresin microcapsules. Vanilla oleoresin was obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide and microencapsulated by complex coacervation and subsequent spray drying (100 °C/60 °C inlet/outlet temperature). The optimal conditions for the complex coacervation process were 0.34% chitosan, 1.7% gum Arabic, 5.29 pH, and an oleoresin:wall material ratio of 1:2.5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the coacervates before and after spray drying revealed the presence of the functional group C=N (associated with carbonyl groups of vanillin and amino groups of chitosan), indicating that microencapsulation by complex coacervation-spray drying was successful. The retention and encapsulation efficiencies were 84.89 ± 1.94% and 69.20 ± 1.79%. The microcapsules obtained from vanilla oleoresin had high vanillin concentration and the presence of other volatile compounds and essential fatty acids. All this improves the aroma and flavor of the product, increasing its consumption and application in various food matrices.

Ultrasound staging in breast cancer: A decision-making oriented approach to axillary metastatic burden prediction.

PURPOSE: The possibility of avoiding axillary lymphadenectomy (AL) in patients with breast cancer (BC) after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and low metastatic burden (< ó = 2 positive lymph nodes) has put into question the role of axillary ultrasound due to the risk of overtreatment after positive axillary lymph node biopsy with low metastatic burden. Our aim was to identify clinical and ultrasound features to detect low and high metastatic burden. METHODS: A retrospective study of 405 BC patients with primary surgical treatment with axillary ultrasound examination and subsequent AL after positive fine needle aspiration (FNA) or SLNB. The low and high tumor burdens after AL were correlated with clinical and ultrasound variables: lymph node morphology (UN1 to UN5), number of suspicious lymph nodes, and Berg level. RESULTS: Positive FNA, lymph node morphology UN4 (focal thickening with displacement of the fatty hilum) or UN5 (complete replacement of the fatty hilum) and >2 suspicious lymph nodes were significantly associated with "high metastatic burden". Lymph node morphology UN2 and UN3, even after FNA+, lymph node morphology UN4 after FNA-, and suspicious lymph nodes at Berg level I were low metastatic burden criteria. Lymph node morphology UN5, lymph node morphology UN4 after FNA+, two nodes or more with UN4/UN5 morphology, and suspicious lymph nodes at Berg levels II and III with FNA+ were associated with high metastatic burden. CONCLUSIONS: Axillary lymph node ultrasound data for patients with early BC allows predicting the axillary metastatic burden, guiding the optimal clinical management of the axilla.

Modification of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity by Consumption of Cooked Chickpea in a Colon Cancer Model.

Chickpea has been classified as a nutraceutical food due to its phytochemical compounds, showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. To investigate this, we evaluated the effect of cooking on the nutritional and non-nutritional composition and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of chickpea seed. The latter was determined by the variation in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), oxidized carbonyl groups (CO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) in the colon of male BALB/c mice fed with a standard diet with 10 and 20% cooked chickpea (CC). We induced colon cancer in mice by administering azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS); for the evaluation, these were sacrificed 1, 7, and 14 weeks after the induction. Results show that cooking does not significantly modify (p < 0.05) nutritional compounds; however, it decreases the concentration of non-nutritional ones and, consequently, in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo evaluation showed that animals administered with AOM/DSS presented higher concentrations of NO, CO, MDA, and 4-HNE than those in animals without AOM/DSS administration. However, in the three evaluated times, these markers were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with CC consumption. The best effect on the oxidation markers was with the 20% CC diet, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of CC.

Retrograde enteroclysis by double balloon enteroscopy in a patient with blunt abdominal trauma: small bowel stricture, intraluminal vascular lesion and Crohn's disease.

A 40-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department after a driving accident with blunt abdominal trauma. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mesenteric injury in the right lower quadrant. He was admitted two months later due to a one-day history of abdominal pain and diarrhea, without fever or blood. The CT angiography showed a pseudoaneurysm located in the proximal ileum and several rigid small bowel (SB) loops with segmental wall thickening of mucosa.

Bioelectrical domain walls in homogeneous tissues.

Electrical signaling in biology is typically associated with action potentials, transient spikes in membrane voltage that return to baseline. Hodgkin-Huxley and related conductance-based models of electrophysiology belong to a more general class of reaction-diffusion equations which could, in principle, support spontaneous emergence of patterns of membrane voltage which are stable in time but structured in space. Here we show theoretically and experimentally that homogeneous or nearly homogeneous tissues can undergo spontaneous spatial symmetry breaking through a purely electrophysiological mechanism, leading to formation of domains with different resting potentials separated by stable bioelectrical domain walls. Transitions from one resting potential to another can occur through long-range migration of these domain walls. We map bioelectrical domain wall motion using all-optical electrophysiology in an engineered cell line and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived myoblasts. Bioelectrical domain wall migration may occur during embryonic development and during physiological signaling processes in polarized tissues. These results demonstrate that nominally homogeneous tissues can undergo spontaneous bioelectrical symmetry breaking.

Protective Effect of Chickpea Protein Hydrolysates on Colon Carcinogenesis Associated With a Hypercaloric Diet.

OBJECTIVE: Colon cancer occupies the third place in incidence worldwide; eating habits, in particular, consumption of hypercaloric diets, are relevant in its etiopathogenesis. On the other hand, foods can also modulate carcinogenesis: for example, proteins, which when hydrolyzed release peptides with biological activities, and legumes, especially, chickpea, represent a good source of hydrolysates. The objective of this work was to verify the inhibitory effect of chickpea hydrolyzed protein on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced carcinogenesis in mice fed a hypercaloric diet. METHODS: We hydrolyzed chickpea protein by pepsin, pancreatin, and a combined pepsin-pancreatin system, to test its anticarcinogenic and hypercaloric activity in mice that had consumed a hypercaloric diet or a normal diet but were injected with azoxymethane (AOM). RESULTS: A concentrate (70% proteins) was obtained from chickpea seeds (18.5% proteins), and extensive hydrolysates were obtained at 15 minutes, in all tested enzyme systems. The greatest activity was evidenced in the hydrolysates obtained with pepsin-pancreatin at 90 minutes. Animals that consumed the hypercaloric diet had a higher concentration of cholesterol and a higher atherogenic index, which were significantly reduced with the administration of chickpea protein hydrolysates with a dose-response effect (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg), whereas no effect was observed in animals that consumed the normal diet. In animals given AOM, aberrant crypts were observed, at a higher rate in animals that consumed the hypercaloric diet; with the consumption of hydrolysates by the animals that consumed either diet, the number of aberrant crypts was reduced with the 3 doses tested, and the effect was better in those animals fed the hypercaloric diet. The best effect in all tests was with 30 mg/kg body weight. CONCLUSION: The consumption of chickpea protein hydrolysates might confer a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis.

Chemopreventive and Antioxidant Effect of Polyphenol Free Spirulina maxima and Its Hydrolyzed Protein Content: Investigation on Azoxymethane Treated Mice.

BACKGROUND: Spirulina maxima (Sm) is known to have nutritive value as well as a number of potentially useful biomedical properties. OBJECTIVES: The initial purpose of this report was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the alga (without its polyphenol content), on the induction of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon aberrant crypts (AC) in mouse. Besides, we hydrolyzed the protein content of such mixture. Our second aim was to determine the inhibitory potential of this last plant mixture on the AOM-induced colon AC in mouse. Moreover, we also determined the effect of the two indicated Sm samples on the oxidative damage caused by AOM in the colon and liver of treated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment lasted 5 weeks. At the end, we registered the level of AC, nitric oxide, and the lipid and protein oxidation. RESULTS: Our results showed the following: (1) the carcinogen increased more than 18 times the amount of the AC found in the control group. (2) On the contrary, the two tested mixtures of Sm produced a significant reduction over this damage (about 45%). (3) The two tested Sm mixtures were generally able to reduce the oxidative stress markers although with variable effects which go from 59% to 100% with respect to the control mice. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the present report established that the tested Sm fractions have mouse colon anticarcinogenic potential, partially related with their antioxidant capacity. Our report also suggested the need to further evaluate specific Sm chemicals as chemopreventive agents.

Cooked Chickpea Consumption Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice Induced with Azoxymethane and Dextran Sulfate Sodium.

SCOPE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of cooked chickpea (2% and 10%) in ICR male mice in which colon cancer was induced with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of consumption of 2% or 10% cooked chickpeas on carcinogenesis-induced colon azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in ICR mice was determined. Protein oxidation and lipids were determined by colorimetric methods and oxidation of DNA through the identification of adducts 8-hydroxy-2'-desoxiguanosine and proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], Ki-67, and ß-catenin), and inflammation (cyclooxygenase [COX]-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) were identified by immunohistochemistry reactions. The results showed the protective effect of daily consumption of rich cooked chickpeas in the carcinogenesis process, decreasing lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation and decreasing the expression of inflammatory enzymes (COX-2 and iNOS) as well as ß-catenin, one of the most important oncogenic proteins in colon cancer. Animals that were fed with the 10% chickpea diet showed an inhibition in cellular proliferation (Ki-67 and PCNA expression). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of cooked chickpea seed (2% and 10%) to the daily diet is proposed as a chemopreventive agent against colon cancer.

Caracterización física, nutricional y no nutricional de las semillas de Inga paterno / Physical, nutritional and non nutritional characterization of Inga paterno seeds

Inga paterno is a tree legume present in various states of Mexico whose sheath is consumed in someplaces as a fruit due seed coat is sweet (Aryl). Seeds are not commonly consumed and there are few studies about its composition. The physical characteristics, nutritional and non-nutritional composition of Inga paterno seeds from México State and Puebla were analyzed. The seeds showed a significant proportion of protein and lipid. The oil from the seeds showed higher proportion of palmitic acid. Non-nutritional compounds such as phenolics, tannins, phytates, saponins and trypsin inhibitors were quantified. The seeds of the two sources of origin showed no statistically significant difference in their physical, chemical and non-nutritional characteristics; however, unlike other legumes, they exhibit high saponins content and high inhibitory trypsin activity.

Inga paterno es una leguminosa arbórea, que crece varios estados de México. La vaina se consume como fruto, debido a la cubierta dulce (Arilo) de la semilla. Ésta última, no es comúnmente consumida. Las características físicas, composición nutricional y el contenido de compuestos no nutricionales presentes en las semillas de Inga paterno provenientes de los Estados de México y Puebla fueron analizados, mostrando que las semillas son de 1.6 y 1.9 cm largo y 0.9 y 1.08 cm de ancho. Los componentes químicos principales son: proteína (20.42 y 21.59 g/100 g), carbohidratos (28.99 y 36.15 g/100 g), lípidos (9.62 y 8.55 g/100 g) para las procedentes de Ozumba y Tochimilco, respectivamente. Los aceites de las semillas de Inga paterno presentaron una proporción importante de ácido palmítico, así como ácidos 7-octadecanoico, oleico, linoleico y alfa linolénico. Se cuantificaron los compuestos no nutricionales como fenólicos (0.55 y 0.54 mg eq. de ácido gálico/g), taninos (1.46 y 1.51 mg eq. de (+)-catequina/g), fitatos (2.66 y 2.04 mg de ácido fítico/g), saponinas (32.35 y 33.38 mg de diosgenina/g) e inhibidores de tripsina (311.97 y 351.21 mg de tripsina pura inhibida/g de muestra). Ambas semillas analizadas no presentaron diferencia estadísticamente significativa en sus características físicas, químicas y no nutricionales; sin embargo, éstas presentan una elevada actividad inhibitoria de tripsina comparada con otras leguminosas.

Minimización de costos: inmunoglobulina IV vs. plasmaféresis en síndrome de Guillain Barré / Cost minimization: intravenous inmunoglobulin vs. plasmapheresis in Guillain Barré syndrome

Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain Barré es considerada una de las principales causas de parálisis neuromuscular aguda. Actualmente existen dos alternativas igual de efectivas clínicamente en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad: la inmunoglobulina intravenosa y la plasmaféresis. Objetivo: estimar cuál de los dos tratamientos es menos costoso en la atención hospitalaria de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Guillain Barré en estadios moderados a severos en la Fundación Cardioinfantil en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes que egresaron entre enero y diciembre de 2014 con síndrome de Guillain Barré según el sistema de información clínica de la Fundación Cardioinfantil. La información de los costos por cada paciente fue provista por el Departamento de Cuentas Médicas de la Fundación Cardioinfantil y se estableció el costo total de la atención desde el ingreso hasta el egreso del paciente. La comparación del costo total de la atención de los pacientes tratados con inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV) vs., los pacientes tratados con plasmaféresis, se realizó por medio de la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: la atención de los pacientes con IGIV tuvo un costo total de 9.976 USD, mientras el costo de los pacientes tratados con plasmaféresis fue de 23.354 USD. El costo de atención en este último grupo de pacientes se ve afectado por el mayor número de complicaciones derivadas del mismo tratamiento. Conclusión: entre los dos tratamientos considerados en el síndrome de Guillain Barré en estadios avanzados, la IGIV ofrece una buena alternativa para minimizar costos en la atención hospitalaria del paciente con diagnóstico de síndrome de Gullian Barré en la Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá.

Introduction: Guillain Barre Syndrome is considered one of the most important causes of acute neuromuscular paralysis. Currently there are two clinically effective therapies for the treatment of disease: IVIG and plasmapheresis. Objective: To estimate which therapy is less expensive for the in-hospital care of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe Guillain Barre in the Fundación Cardioinfantil of Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: All patients that were discharged between January and December 2014 with GuillainBarre syndrome diagnosis were included. The cost information for each patient was provided by department of medical bills and the total cost of care was established from admission to patient discharge. The comparison of the total costs of care of patients treated with IVIG vs. patients treated with plasmapheresis was performed by means of the Mann-Whitney analysis. Results: The cost of care of patients with intravenous immunoglobulin was 9,976 USD while the total cost of patients with plasmapheresis was 23,354 USD. The higher cost of care in this last group of patients was driven by the increased number of complications arising from the same treatment. Conclusion:Between the two treatments considered in the advanced states of Guillain Barre Syndrome, IVIG offers an adequate strategy to minimize the cost of hospital patient care in patients with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the Fundación Cardioinfantil of Bogotá.