RESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab153.].
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lymphopenia may lead to worse outcomes for glioblastoma patients. This study is a secondary analysis of the CCTG CE.6 trial evaluating the impact of chemotherapy and radiation on lymphopenia, and effects of lymphopenia on overall survival (OS). METHODS: CCTG CE.6 randomized elderly glioblastoma patients (≥ 65 years) to short-course radiation alone (RT) or short-course radiation with temozolomide (RT + TMZ). Lymphopenia (mild-moderate: grade 1-2; severe: grade 3-4) was defined per CTCAE v3.0, and measured at baseline, 1 week and 4 weeks post-RT. Preselected key factors for analysis included age, sex, ECOG, resection extent, MGMT methylation, Mini-Mental State Examination, and steroid use. Multinomial logistic regression and multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify lymphopenia-associated factors and association with survival. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty-two patients were analyzed (281 RT vs 281 RT+TMZ). At baseline, both arms had similar rates of mild-moderate (21.4% vs 21.4%) and severe (3.2% vs 2.9%) lymphopenia. However, at 4 weeks post-RT, RT+TMZ was more likely to develop lymphopenia (mild-moderate: 27.9% vs 18.2%; severe: 9.3% vs 1.8%; p<0.001). Developing any lymphopenia post-RT was associated with baseline lymphopenia (P < .001). Baseline lymphopenia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.3) was associated with worse OS (HR: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.62; P = .02), regardless of MGMT status. CONCLUSIONS: Development of post-RT lymphopenia is associated with addition of TMZ and baseline lymphopenia and not with RT alone in patients treated with short-course radiation. However, regardless of MGMT status, only baseline lymphopenia is associated with worse OS, which may be considered as a prognostic biomarker for elderly glioblastoma patients.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma is associated with a poor prognosis in the elderly. Survival has been shown to increase among patients 70 years of age or younger when temozolomide chemotherapy is added to standard radiotherapy (60 Gy over a period of 6 weeks). In elderly patients, more convenient shorter courses of radiotherapy are commonly used, but the benefit of adding temozolomide to a shorter course of radiotherapy is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a trial involving patients 65 years of age or older with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either radiotherapy alone (40 Gy in 15 fractions) or radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. RESULTS: A total of 562 patients underwent randomization, 281 to each group. The median age was 73 years (range, 65 to 90). The median overall survival was longer with radiotherapy plus temozolomide than with radiotherapy alone (9.3 months vs. 7.6 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.80; P<0.001), as was the median progression-free survival (5.3 months vs. 3.9 months; hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.60; P<0.001). Among 165 patients with methylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status, the median overall survival was 13.5 months with radiotherapy plus temozolomide and 7.7 months with radiotherapy alone (hazard ratio for death, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.73; P<0.001). Among 189 patients with unmethylated MGMT status, the median overall survival was 10.0 months with radiotherapy plus temozolomide and 7.9 months with radiotherapy alone (hazard ratio for death, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.01; P=0.055; P=0.08 for interaction). Quality of life was similar in the two trial groups. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients with glioblastoma, the addition of temozolomide to short-course radiotherapy resulted in longer survival than short-course radiotherapy alone. (Funded by the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00482677 .).
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/radioterapia , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/radioterapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Quimiorradioterapia , Dacarbazina/efeitos adversos , Dacarbazina/uso terapêutico , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Glioblastoma/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Radioterapia/métodos , Análise de Sobrevida , TemozolomidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the prognostic value of baseline health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for survival with regard to different cancer sites using 1 standardized and validated patient self-assessment tool. METHODS: In total, 11 different cancer sites pooled from 30 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) randomized controlled trials were selected for this study. For each cancer site, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the prognostic value (P< .05) of 15 HRQOL parameters using the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Models were adjusted for age, sex, and World Health Organization performance status and were stratified by distant metastasis. RESULTS: In total, 7417 patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 before randomization. In brain cancer, cognitive functioning was predictive for survival; in breast cancer, physical functioning, emotional functioning, global health status, and nausea and vomiting were predictive for survival; in colorectal cancer, physical functioning, nausea and vomiting, pain, and appetite loss were predictive for survival; in esophageal cancer, physical functioning and social functioning were predictive for survival; in head and neck cancer, emotional functioning, nausea and vomiting, and dyspnea were predictive for survival; in lung cancer, physical functioning and pain were predictive for survival; in melanoma, physical functioning was predictive for survival; in ovarian cancer, nausea and vomiting were predictive for survival; in pancreatic cancer, global health status was predictive for survival; in prostate cancer, role functioning and appetite loss were predictive for survival; and, in testis cancer, role functioning was predictive for survival. CONCLUSIONS: The current results demonstrated that, for each cancer site, at least 1 HRQOL domain provided prognostic information that was additive over and above clinical and sociodemographic variables.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/etiologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Autoavaliação (Psicologia)RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) reporting system is widely used by clinicians to measure patient symptoms in clinical trials. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's Quality of Life core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) enables cancer patients to rate their symptoms related to their quality of life. We examined the extent to which patient and clinician symptom scoring and their agreement could contribute to the estimation of overall survival among cancer patients. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data regarding six cancer symptoms (pain, fatigue, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation) from a total of 2279 cancer patients from 14 closed EORTC randomized controlled trials. In each trial that was selected for retrospective pooled analysis, both clinician and patient symptom scoring were reported simultaneously at study entry. We assessed the extent of agreement between clinician vs patient symptom scoring using the Spearman and kappa correlation statistics. After adjusting for age, sex, performance status, cancer severity, and cancer site, we used Harrell concordance index (C-index) to compare the potential for clinician-reported and/or patient-reported symptom scores to improve the accuracy of Cox models to predict overall survival. All P values are from two-sided tests. RESULTS: Patient-reported scores for some symptoms, particularly fatigue, did differ from clinician-reported scores. For each of the six symptoms that we assessed at baseline, both clinician and patient scorings contributed independently and positively to the predictive accuracy of survival prognostication. Cox models of overall survival that considered both patient and clinician scores gained more predictive accuracy than models that considered clinician scores alone for each of four symptoms: fatigue (C-index = .67 with both patient and clinician data vs C-index = .63 with clinician data only; P <.001), vomiting (C-index = .64 vs .62; P = .01), nausea (C-index = .65 vs .62; P < .001), and constipation (C-index = .62 vs .61; P = .01). CONCLUSION: Patients provide a subjective measure of symptom severity that complements clinician scoring in predicting overall survival.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Autorrelato , Adulto , Idoso , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Fatores de Confusão Epidemiológicos , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/etiologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Dor/etiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sobrevida , Análise de Sobrevida , Terminologia como Assunto , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vômito/etiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: Cancer patients experience multiple and concurrent health-related problems and symptoms due to their illness and therapies. The first objective of this analysis was to identify how health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) indicators cluster among cancer patients and how possible clusters change across patients with different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The second objective of this study was to identify which HRQoL indicators are linked to patients' perception of overall quality of life. METHODS: Retrospective pooling of 30 closed randomized European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) clinical trials yielded baseline EORTC Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) HRQoL data for a total of 7417 patients. A cluster analysis was performed to determine how the 15 HRQoL indicators obtained with the QLQ-C30 cluster overall and by patient characteristics. RESULTS: Three main clusters emerged from the overall dataset: a physical cluster, a psychological cluster and a gastrointestinal cluster. The same clusters were found in subgroups defined according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, while some differences emerged among cancer sites. The Global Health scale was found to be part of the physical cluster in the overall dataset. This result was consistent across different levels of disease severity, while divergent results were seen across some cancer sites. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HRQoL indicators are interrelated. Understanding these relationships may aid clinicians in managing the symptom burden experienced by patients, as well as policy-makers, in defining psychosocial support plans.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Neoplasias/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The measurement of patient-reported outcomes, including health-related quality of life, is a new initiative which has emerged and grown over the past four decades. Following the development of reliable and valid self-report questionnaires, health-related quality of life has been assessed in tens of thousands of patients and a wide variety of cancers. This review is based on a selection of data published in the last decade and is intended primarily for healthcare professionals. The assessments in clinical trials have been particularly useful for elucidating the effects of various cancers and their treatments on patients' lives and have provided additional information that enhances the usual clinical endpoints used for determining the benefits and toxicity of treatment. With growing experience the quality of the health-related quality of studies has improved and, in general, recent studies are more likely to be methodologically robust than those that were performed in earlier decades. Health-related quality of life has become a more accurate predictor of survival than some other clinical parameters, such as performance status. The overall outlook for the routine assessment of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials is assured and, eventually, it is likely to become a standard part of clinical practice. However, there is still a need for a clear method for determining the clinical meaningfulness of changes in scores. The answer will probably come from the greater use of patient-reported outcomes and the consequent growth of experience that is necessary to make such judgements.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the smallest changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores in a subset of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) scales, which could be considered as clinically meaningful in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: WHO performance status (PS) and weight change were used as clinical anchors to determine minimal important differences (MIDs) in HRQOL change scores (range, 0-100) in the EORTC QLQ-C30 scales. Selected distribution-based methods were used for comparison. FINDINGS: In a pooled dataset of 812 NSCLC patients undergoing treatment, the values determined to represent the MID depended on whether patients were improving or deteriorating. MID estimates for improvement (based on a one-category change in PS, 5 - <20% weight gain) were physical functioning (9, 5); role functioning (14, 7); social functioning (5, 7); global health status (9, 4); fatigue (14, 5); and pain (16, 2). The respective MID estimates for deterioration (based on PS, weight loss) were physical (4, 6); role (5, 5); social (7, 9); global health status (4, 4); fatigue (6, 11); and pain (3, 7). INTERPRETATION: Based on the selected QLQ-C30 scales, the MID may depend upon whether the patients' PS is improving or worsening, but our results are not definitive. The MID estimates for the specified scales can help clinicians and researchers evaluate the significance of changes in HRQOL and assess the value of a health care intervention or compare treatments. The estimates also can be useful in determining sample sizes in the design of future clinical trials.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/psicologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
AIMS: The psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ-BN20, a brain cancer-specific HRQOL questionnaire, have been previously determined in an English-speaking sample of patients. This study examined the validity and reliability of the questionnaire in a multi-national, multi-lingual study. METHODS: QLQ-BN20 data were selected from two completed phase III EORTC/NCIC clinical trials in brain cancer (N=891), including 12 languages. Experimental treatments were surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and adjuvant PCV chemotherapy or surgery followed by concomitant RT plus temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy. Standard treatment consisted of surgery and postoperative RT alone. The psychometrics of the QLQ-BN20 were examined by means of multi-trait scaling analyses, reliability estimation, known groups validity testing, and responsiveness analysis. RESULTS: All QLQ-BN20 items correlated more strongly with their own scale (r>0.70) than with other QLQ-BN20 scales. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were high (all alpha0.70). Known-groups comparisons yielded positive results, with the QLQ-BN20 distinguishing between patients with differing levels of performance status and mental functioning. Responsiveness of the questionnaire to changes over time was acceptable. CONCLUSION: The QLQ-BN20 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties and can be recommended for use in conjunction with the QLQ-C30 in assessing the HRQOL of brain cancer patients in international studies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Nível de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/psicologia , Ensaios Clínicos Fase III como Assunto , Comunicação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Multilinguismo , Psicometria , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Our aim was to develop evidence-based interpretation guidelines for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), a cancer-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument, from a range of clinically relevant anchors, incorporating expert judgment about clinical significance. Three clinicians with many years' experience managing cancer patients and using HRQOL outcomes in clinical research reviewed 71 papers. Blinded to the FACT-G results, they considered the clinical anchors associated with each FACT-G mean difference, predicted which dimensions of HRQOL would be affected, and whether the effects would be trivial, small, moderate, or large. These size classes were defined in terms of clinical relevance. The experts' judgments were then linked with FACT-G mean differences, and inverse-variance weighted mean differences were calculated for each size class. Small, medium, and large differences (95% confidence interval) from 1,118 cross-sectional comparisons were as follows: physical well-being 1.9 (0.6-3.2), 4.1 (2.7-5.5), 8.7 (5.2-12); functional well-being 2.0 (0.5-3.5), 3.8 (2.0-5.5), 8.8 (4.3-13); emotional well-being 1.0 (0.1-2.6), 1.9 (0.3-3.5), no large differences; social well-being 0.7 (-0.7 to 2.1), 0.8 (-2.9 to 4.5), no large differences. Results from 436 longitudinal comparisons tended to be smaller than the corresponding cross-sectional results. These results augment other interpretation guidelines for FACT-G with information on sample size, power calculations, and interpretation of cancer clinical trials that use FACT-G.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare Cohen's guidelines for small (0.2), medium (0.5), and large (0.8) effect sizes with empirical estimates for a cancer-specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (HRQOL), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G). METHODS: Seventy-one papers satisfied inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Blinded to the HRQOL results, three "experts" (with expertise in interpreting the FACT-G questionnaire and managing cancer patients), predicted the relative magnitude of HRQOL mean differences. Size classes (small, medium, large) were defined in terms of relevance to clinical decision making. The experts worked independently and based their predictions on patient characteristics and clinical circumstances. Their judgments were linked with FACT-G results and inverse-variance-weighted mean effect sizes calculated for each size class. RESULTS: At least two experts were perfectly concordant and up to one was discordant by at most one size category for 833 of the mean differences; for these, weighted kappas were generally in the "substantial" range (0.60-0.79). Of these mean differences, 617 were cross-sectional; small, medium, and large mean effect sizes were physical well-being 0.42, 0.87, 1.6; functional well-being 0.37, 0.71, 1.6; emotional well-being 0.32, 0.40, no large differences; and social well-being 0.14, 0.23, no large differences. Two hundred and sixteen longitudinal mean differences yielded small and medium effect sizes: physical well-being 0.26, 0.34; functional well-being 0.14, 0.28; emotional well-being 0.27, 0.23; and social well-being 0.08, 0.01. There was virtually no evidence for large longitudinal effects. CONCLUSION: These results provide specific, evidence-based alternatives to Cohen's generic guidelines, for use in sample-size calculations for the FACT-G and interpretation of the clinical significance of effects measured with FACT-G.
Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Neoplasias/reabilitação , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Prova Pericial , Feminino , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/psicologia , PsicometriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although individual studies show that baseline health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a prognostic factor for survival, contradictory results have been published and very few meta-analyses have confirmed the finding. We examined whether HRQOL scores are associated with survival when pooled across a large sample of patients with different disease sites. METHODS: We selected 30 randomised controlled trials from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) started between 1986 and 2004, which included survival data for 10 108 patients with 11 different cancer sites. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had completed a baseline HRQOL assessment with the EORTC core quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30; n=7417). Sociodemographic variables were age (
Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group (CTG) Quality of Life (QOL) Committee was initiated in 1986. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of the Committee's work and to highlight key developments such as the formulation of a policy regarding health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) assessment, the provision of guidelines to ensure completion of HRQOL data within the protocol requirements, the rationale behind the choice of HRQOL instruments, the timing of assessments and the development of data analytic methods. These developments are illustrated with examples from CTG studies. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is a lack of concordance between conventional toxicity data and HRQOL data and comparative studies designed to elucidate these differences are to be encouraged. Also, more studies are required to compare different analytic strategies and to determine how much missing data is acceptable, particularly in oncology studies where attrition is inevitable.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos Fase III como Assunto/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Canadá , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In this article, we provide a brief historical review of the development of patient-reported outcome measurement, analysis, and reporting in clinical trials of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG). In doing so, we examine selected lessons learned in furthering the quality of these data and their application to clinical practice. We conclude that sequential institution of key policies within the NCIC CTG and the development of a collective philosophy within the group has enabled the routine incorporation of health-related quality of life into clinical trial protocols according to robust scientific principles; that collection of quality data is possible in a variety of circumstances (although not universally so); that patient-reported data on subjective experiences is likely to be more reliable and valid than conventional toxicity information; and that simple analyses that report group trends as well as individual patient response rates are preferred.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Neoplasias/terapia , Satisfação do Paciente , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Canadá , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Tomada de Decisões , HumanosRESUMO
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are based on direct reporting by patients without the intervention of an observer. They include the self-assessment of functional status, symptoms, and other concerns such as needs and satisfaction with care. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessment is a form of PRO and often includes both functional status and symptoms. The science underlying the assessment of HRQOL in clinical practice requires an understanding of the relationships between symptoms, functional status, and HRQOL, as well as instrument selection, and analysis and interpretation of the data. A modification of the Wilson and Cleary model is proposed to show the likelihood of bidirectional relationships between symptoms, functions, and HRQOL. Instrument selection should be based on the measurement properties of the instruments and patient populations in which they will be used. Analyses of data that allow a calculation of the proportion of patients who benefit from an intervention are preferred to analyses that show only the mean change in scores from baseline. HRQOL assessment in clinical practice has been shown to lead to a better understanding of patients' concerns with improvement in counseling and referral for required services. Potentially, HRQOL assessment should also be used to monitor the progress of a patient's disease and benefit from treatment.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/métodos , Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: It is postulated that patients with different cancer diagnoses, stages of disease and treatments will exhibit different individual preferences for health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) functional domains and symptoms. METHODS: A stated-preference (SP) instrument incorporating all functional domains and symptoms of the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) was administered to 400 patients with either breast (n = 150); colorectal (n = 150) or non-small cell lung cancer (n = 100) who had previously experienced chemotherapy. The SP survey asked patients to make choices between a series of hypothetical functional/symptom pairs defined by combinations of HRQOL attributes, and depicted by levels of functioning and symptomatology. RESULTS: In the 400 patients, considered as one group, role, cognitive, and social functioning, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, appetite loss, diarrhea and financial difficulties were most important, whereas physical and emotional functioning, dyspnea, constipation and insomnia were less important. The four effects that patients with breast cancer most wished to avoid were nausea and vomiting, pain, and decreases in emotional and role functioning. Patients with colorectal cancer listed diarrhea as the second most important effect to avoid (after nausea/vomiting, but before pain and role functioning), whereas those with non-small cell lung cancer listed dyspnea as the fourth most important effect to avoid. CONCLUSION: These results provide more precise information regarding patient treatment concerns than that provided by the usual measurement of HRQOL. This information can be used by clinical trial investigators to design more precise interventions to improve HRQOL in the domains of greatest importance to patients and by all health care professionals to improve counseling of patients.
Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Satisfação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare a linear scoring rule with the subjective importance of different domain and symptom levels of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) among patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: Using a stated-choice or choice-format conjoint analysis survey instrument, we elicited patient preferences for varying levels of physical, role, social, emotional, and cognitive function along with chemotherapy-related side effects and financial difficulties. A total of 375 patients completed the questionnaire: 159 breast cancer, 117 colorectal cancer, 99 non-small-cell lung cancer; and 21 with unknown tumor type. Constrained maximum likelihood estimates were used to estimate relative importance weights for each level of each domain and symptom. RESULTS: Summary HRQoL measures generally presume that differences among Likert categories are equally important to patients within and across outcomes. Our results indicate strong non-linearities both within and across domain and symptom categories. Improvements from severe pain to mild pain, severe fatigue to no fatigue, and severe social limitations to moderate social limitations are all about twice as important as no work to limited work in the Role domain. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate large differences in the impact of individual domains and symptoms on patient perceptions of well-being. Most cancer patients are likely to be less concerned about specific symptoms than the impact of those symptoms on their ability to function physically, socially, and in their daily roles.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico , Satisfação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Antineoplásicos , Modelos Lineares , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A randomised controlled trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma showed that survival was higher for patients assigned combination treatment compared with those assigned standard radiotherapy alone. This paper reports the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the patients in this trial. METHODS: 573 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were randomly allocated either radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy and temozolomide. The primary endpoint was survival, and HRQOL was a secondary endpoint. We assessed HRQOL at baseline and at every 3 months during treatment until progression using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire core-30 (QLQ-C30) and the EORTC brain cancer module (EORTC BN-20). We calculated changes from baseline score for seven predefined HRQOL measures (fatigue, overall health, social function, emotional function, future uncertainty, insomnia, and communication deficit) and differences between groups for these measures at every time point. The significance of, and proportions of patients with, improved HRQOL scores--defined as a change of 10 points or more--were recorded. This trial is registered on the US National Cancer Institute website http://www.cancer.gov/search/NewClinicalTrials, NCT00006353. FINDINGS: Baseline questionnaires were available for 490 (86%) patients. Baseline HRQOL scores did not differ between groups. At first follow-up, groups differed only in social functioning, favouring the radiotherapy-only group (mean score 79.0 [SD 3.2] for patients assigned radiotherapy vs 67.4 [2.7] for those assigned radiotherapy and temozolomide; difference between groups 11.6 points [95% CI 3.5-19.7], p=0.0052). Over subsequent assessments, HRQOL was much the same between treatment groups. INTERPRETATION: Addition of temozolomide during and after radiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma significantly improved survival without a negative effect on HRQOL.