[Imaging diagnosis of non-lymph node metastasis of bladder carcinoma]. / Diagnosi per immagini delle metastasi non linfonodali da carcinoma vescicale.

Assessment of presence of metastatic disease (m.d.) in bladder cancer (b.c.) can represent a main problem as influencing the appropriate therapeutic policy (mostly the indication to radical surgery). Evaluation of the real cost-effectiveness ratio of radiographic and radionuclide diagnostic work-up induced us to retrospectively review historical data about our b.c. patients (pts). From March 1988 to June 1991, 76 not consecutive pts with histologically proven bladder cancer were included in this study. 5 Pts were staged as T1, 25 as T2, 18 as T3a, 23 as T3b, 5 as T4. 2 Pts were graded as G1, 27 as G2, 44 as G3, 3 as Gx. Age varied from 39 to 89 years (average: 62.3). 79 Pts underwent the "basic work-up" (including chest plain film, bone and liver scans) and at least one follow-up control. 266 chest plain films, 22 chest x-ray tomograms, 2 chest CT scans, 27 bone x-ray tomograms, 231 bone scans, 240 liver scans, 17 liver ultrasonographies were totally realized. All pts underwent at least an abdomen-pelvic CT, but related results are not considered in the study. Fine needle aspiration cytologic biopsies were realized in selected cases; also these results are not selectively reported here. Together with cytologic positive results, only progression of m.d. was considered as its definite presence. Conventional x-ray examination (plain film integrated by x-ray tomograms of "suspicious" findings) resulted sufficiently complete and accurate to reveal chest m.d. Concerning skeletal diagnostic survey, only 6 pts (26%) out of 23 pts with "positive" bone scans really resulted affected by m.d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Restructured Beef Steaks Manufactured Using Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide Gas.

Restructured beef steaks were manufactured from boneless, tenderized USDA Utility inside cow rounds (semimembranosus) and USDA Choice beef plates which were treated with oxygen, carbon dioxide or a combination of carbon monoxide and nitrogen gas during the mixing stage of the manufacturing process. Treatments were preformulated to 15% fat and mixed for 15 min during which time the various gas atmospheres were incorporated into the mixer. All treatments received 2% water and 0.75% sodium chloride during the mixing cycle. Proximate analysis, objective and subjective color, mechanical shear and binding strength were examined. Gaseous treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on moisture, fat or protein percentages. Carbon monoxide (10.01% carbon monoxide mixed with nitrogen) treatment increased Hunter "a" and "b" and reflectance (685 nm) values. Oxygen treatment had no effect (P>0.05) on Hunter "L", "a" or "b" values or reflectance (685 nm) values. Carbon dioxide decreased (P<0.05) both Hunter "b" and reflectance (685 nm) values. Subjective scores indicated more discoloration (P<0.05) for the carbon dioxide treatment than the carbon monoxide or oxygen treatments, but none of the treatment groups was different from the control. Shear (Kramer) and binding (Instron) values were unaffected (P>0.05) by the treatments.

Dental rotation in cleft lip.

In patients with untreated cleft lip and permanent dentition, the central superior incisors are usually rotated. We use a technique that we call "dental rotation" to adjust these teeth into normal position and occlusion. This technique avoids having a hard structure (a rotated tooth) press against the mucosal sutures in a lip closure. In addition, a better aesthetic appearance of the dental arch results.