A quality improvement intervention on surgical prophylaxis impact in antibiotic consumption and cost in selected surgical procedures.

BACKGROUND: Improper compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in surgery is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI), and impacts the efficiency of healthcare. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact of an intervention in compliance with AP in selected surgical procedures and its effect on antibiotic consumption and cost. METHODS: A prospective interventional study was performed in a community hospital from January to December 2022. The baseline period was considered January-April 2022 and the intervention period May-December 2022. All patients who underwent cesarean section, appendectomies, hernia surgery, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), abdominoplasty, and cholecystectomy during the study period were selected. The intervention includes staff education, pharmacy interventions, monitoring the quality of prescriptions and feedback, and improved role of anesthesia staff, and department champions. RESULTS: The study involved 192 and 617 surgical procedures in the baseline and intervention periods respectively. The compliance with timing, selection, dose, and discontinuation achieved 100%, 99.2%, and 97.6% from baseline figures of 92.7%, 95.8%, and 81.3%, respectively. The antibiotic consumption was reduced by 55.1% during the intervention with a higher contribution of other antibiotics (94.1% reduction) in comparison with antibiotics as per policy (31.2% reduction). The cost was reduced by 47.2% (antibiotic as per policy 31.9%, other antibiotics 94.2%). CONCLUSION: The implemented strategy was effective in improving the quality of antibiotic prophylaxis with a significant impact in reducing antibiotic consumption and cost.

Evaluación de la efectividad de la timectomía como tratamiento de la Miastenia Gravis

Objetivo: evaluar efectividad de timectomía como alternativa de tratamiento a la Miastenia Gravis (MG) en nuestro centro, entre 2007 y 2019, y cómo ha impactado en calidad de vida y manejo farmacológico. Material y Método: cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes sometidas a timectomía por equipo Cirugía Torácica del Hospital Gustavo Fricke (HGF) entre 2007 y 2019. Las variables fueron el tratamiento médico y dosis de anticolinesterásicos pre y post timectomía, y la calidad de vida medida a través de la encuesta MG-QOL15. Se utilizaron medidas de desviación estándar y comparaciones estadísticas para el análisis de estas variables, considerando estadísticamente significativo un p < 0,05. Resultados: total de 20 pacientes, mayoría mujeres jóvenes, timectomía vía transesternal. Dosis de anticolinesterásicos mostró disminución estadísticamente significativa de 5,05 a 3,06 pre y post timectomía respectivamente (p < 0,05). Encuesta MG-QOL15 media de 11,9 puntos. Discusión: Se ha demostrado que la timectomía cumple un rol importante en el manejo de la MG, otorgando una superioridad frente al tratamiento médico exclusivo. La Fundación Americana para Miastenia Gravis, recomienda el uso de la encuesta MG-QOL15 como herramienta para evaluar la calidad de vida. Existe poca literatura nacional en relación a este tema. Conclusión: La timectomía, es un procedimiento que mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes con MG y permite reducir en forma significativa la dosis de fármacos utilizados.

Objective: To evaluate effectivity of thymectomy as an alternative treatment of MG in our center, between 2007 and 2019 and to know how it has impacted in life quality and pharmacological management. Material and Method: cohort study patients treated with thymectomy by Thoracic Surgical team from Gustavo Fricke Hospital between 2007 and 2019. The study variables were medical treatment and anticholinesterases doses before and after the thymectomy, and life quality measured through MG-QOL15 survey. Standard deviation measures and statistics comparisons were used for the analysis of these variables, considering statistically significant a p < 0.05. Results: total of 20 patients, mainly young women, thymectomy through a Trans-sternal approach. Anticholinesterase doses, showed a statistically significant decrease from 5.05 to 3.06 before and after thymectomy (p < 0.05). Discussion: It has been demonstrated that thymectomy plays an important role on the management of MG, giving a mastery against medical exclusive treatment, The American Foundation for Myasthenia Gravis recommends the use of MG-QOL15 survey as an important tool to evaluate life quality. There is a limited amount of national literature related to this topic. Conclusion: Thymectomy is a life quality changing procedure for MG patients and it helps to significantly reduce the drug doses used.

Management of acute postoperative pain: Conditions to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of analgesic treatments.

The evidence on postoperative pain management is of low or insufficient quality. The SEDAR Acute Pain Working Group has prepared this guideline-document to apply the best available scientific evidence to clinical practice, individualizing it based on factors specific to the patient and the procedure, and encompassing different organizational options, attempting to individualize it based on specific factors of the patient and the procedure, and encompassing the different organizational options for pain control. The document updates concepts and minimum requirements necessary for optimal postoperative analgesia, a multidisciplinary approach and the management of Acute Postoperative Pain. Strategic lines and different management models are defined. A general perioperative action plan is established based on collaboration with the surgical departments involved, on the joint review of the evidence and on preparation of protocols by the procedure. Finally, a follow-up plan and a series of minimum indicators necessary for quality control of postoperative pain are presented.

Clinical factors associated with discontinuation of ts/bDMARDs in rheumatic patients from the BIOBADASER III registry.

Biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (ts/bDMARDs) play a pivotal role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Persistence of therapy provides an index of a drug's overall effectiveness. The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with discontinuation of ts/bDMARDs in a real-world dataset. The study population comprised patients diagnosed with RA, PsA, and AS included in the BIOBADASER registry for whom follow-up data were available until November 2019. Patient features and treatment data were included in the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to study survival of the different drugs according to the reason for discontinuation. Factors associated with discontinuation were studied using Cox regression models and bivariate and multivariate analyses. P values of less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. The study population comprised 4,752 patients who received a total of 8,377 drugs, of which 4,411 (52.65%) were discontinued. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that survival for first-line treatment was greater in all 3 groups (p < 0.001). Patients with RA had a greater risk of discontinuation if they were younger (HR, 0.99; 95% CI 0.99-1.00), if they were receiving anti-TNFα agents (HR, 0.61; 95% CI 0.54-0.70), and if they had more comorbid conditions (HR, 1.09; 95% CI 1.00-1.17). Patients with PsA had a higher risk if they were women (HR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.15-1.62) and if they were receiving other ts/bDMARDs (HR, 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.59). In patients with AS, risk increased with age (HR, 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02), as did the number of comorbid conditions (HR, 1.27; 95% CI 1.12-1.45). The factors that most affected discontinuation of ts/bDMARDs were line of treatment, age, type of drug, sex, comorbidity and the year of initiation of treatment. The association with these factors differed with each disease, except for first-line treatment, which was associated with a lower risk of discontinuation in all 3 diseases.

Spirituality, Religiosity and Coping Strategies Among Spanish People Diagnosed with Cancer.

The present study evaluates the influence of spirituality/religiosity (S/R) on the coping strategies used by people with cancer (breast and prostate) compared with those without cancer, in a sample of 445 Spanish participants (160 with cancer and 285 without). Significant interactions between the presence of cancer and S/R are observed in the use of coping strategies such as religion, humor and disconnection. Spirituality as a predictor variable through the use of religion as a strategy, increased the explanatory capacity of age by 58.9% (ß = .794) while praying/talking to God predicts the use of this strategy with a ß = .383. In people with cancer, active coping was predicted by spirituality (ß = .327). However, spirituality was a negative predictor of maladaptive coping, with a beta coefficient equal to .383. The data suggest that patients' beliefs need to be considered by health care professionals when designing interventions.

Obtención de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) en el Laboratorio de Terapia Celular para uso como herramienta terapéutica en medicina regenerativa / Obtaining platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the Cell Therapy Laboratory for use as a therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is used to speed up tissue repair. Despite its widespread use, the therapeutic application of PRP generates controversies in clinical results due to the variability in methods of obtaining the different preparations and differences between the components of different types of PRP, so it's recommended to mention the type of platelet preparation used. In this article, we describe technical and biologics characteristics of our platelet product, and we compare them to different commercial preparations described in order to validate their clinical use. Our results determine that the preparation can be considered a platelet rich plasma with biological activity in vivo and in vitro, which supports its use as a valid therapeutic tool, alternative to products currently available in Regenerative Medicine. (AU)

Stem cell paracrine actions in tissue regeneration and potential therapeutic effect in human endometrium: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Determining genetic and paracrine mechanisms behind endometrial regeneration in Asherman's syndrome and endometrial atrophy (AS/EA) patients after autologous CD133+ bone marrow-derived stem cell (CD133+ BMDSC) transplantation. DESIGN: Retrospective study using human endometrial biopsies and mouse models. SETTING: Fundación-IVI, IIS-La Fe, Valencia, Spain. SAMPLES: Endometrial biopsies collected before and after CD133+ BMDSC therapy, from eight women with AS/EA (NCT02144987) from the uterus of five mice with only left horns receiving CD133+ BMDSC therapy. METHODS: In human samples, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, RNA arrays, PCR validation, and neutrophil elastase (NE) immunohistochemistry (IHQ). In mouse samples, PCR validation and protein immunoarrays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: H&E microscopic evaluation, RNA expression levels, PCR, and growth/angiogenic factors quantification, NE IHQ signal. RESULTS: Treatment improved endometrial morphology and thickness for all patients. In human samples, Jun, Serpine1, and Il4 were up-regulated whereas Ccnd1 and Cxcl8 were down-regulated after treatment. The significant decrease of NE signal corroborated Cxcl8 expression. Animal model analysis confirmed human results and revealed a higher expression of pro-angiogenic cytokines (IL18, HGF, MCP-1, MIP2) in treated uterine horns. CONCLUSIONS: CD133+ BMDSC seems to activate several factors through a paracrine mechanism to help tissue regeneration, modifying endometrial behaviour through an immunomodulatory milieu that precedes proliferation and angiogenic processes. Insight into these processes could bring us one step closer to a non-invasive treatment for AS/EA patients. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: CD133+ BMDSC therapy regenerates endometrium, modifying the immunological milieu that precedes proliferation and angiogenesis.

Efecto de la psicoeducación en el afrontamiento y adaptación al rol de cuidador familiar del adulto mayor / Effect of psychoeducation in the support of the older adult family caregiver adaptation and coping role / Efeito da psicoeducação no enfrentamento e adaptação ao papel de cuidador familiar do idoso

Resumen Introducción: La transición demográfica y epidemiológica mundial, aunado a los avances en la ciencia y tecnología aplicados en mejorar la calidad de vida de la población, han influido en la longevidad; los individuos viven más, pero con un bienestar deficiente debido a las limitaciones y comorbilidades inherentes al envejecimiento, con las que a menudo necesitan el cuidado de alguien. Actualmente, uno de cada cuatro adultos mayores requiere de ayuda para realizar sus actividades de la vida diaria. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de enfermería por medio de la psicoeducación para facilitar el proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación al rol de cuidador familiar del adulto mayor. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental, realizado en una unidad de medicina familiar, con un grupo de 70 cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores, los criterios de inclusión: adultos de 20 a 59 años que supieran leer y escribir. La intervención psicoeducativa consistió en 10 sesiones, los instrumentos aplicados pre y post intervención fueron la escala sobre el proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación, así como la que evalúa habilidad de cuidado. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: La edad de los cuidadores familiares tuvo una media de 50.6, femeninos 92.8%. La intervención fue efectiva, pues se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el pre y post en afrontamiento y adaptación (X2 Mc nemar p=0.00001), así como para la habilidad de cuidado (X2 p=0.01), lo que sugiere un efecto positivo y sostenido de la intervención. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores familiares de los adultos mayores que participaron en la intervención, mostraron un efecto positivo en la adaptación a su rol de cuidador familiar.

Abstract Introduction: The present demographic transition, influenced by science and technology advances aimed at improving the quality of life, features a greater longevity; however, older adults sometimes suffer from limitations and comorbidities which are related to their aging process and which make them require caring assistance. Currently, around 25% of older adults require some kind of aid in order to perform their daily living activities. Objective: To assess the effect of a nursing intervention using psychoeducation to support the older adult family caregiver adaptation and coping role. Methods and materials: This is a quantitative quasi-experimental study carried out in a unit of family medicine with 70 family caregivers of older adults. The inclusion criteria was: adults aged 20 to 59 who could read and write. The intervention included 10 sessions. The pre and post applied instruments were the Coping Adaptation Processing Scale, and a scale to assess the ability to provide care. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Results: The mean age of the family caregivers was 50.6 years. 65 were female. The intervention turned out to be effective as statistically significant differences in coping and adaptation measures (X2 Mc Nemar p=0.00001), as well as caregiving abilities (X2 p=0.01) measures, were obtained at the post intervention assessment. Conclusion: The older adult family caregivers who participated in this nursing intervention showed a positive effect in their role.

Resumo Introdução: A transição demográfica e epidemiológica mundial, os avanços na ciência e tecnologia aplicados em melhorar a qualidade de vida da população, influenciam a longevidade; os indivíduos vivem mais, no entanto com um bem-estar deficiente, devido às limitações e comorbilidades inerentes ao envelhecimento, regularmente necessitam o cuidado de alguém. Atualmente, um de cada quatro idosos requerem de ajuda para realizar suas atividades da vida diária. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção de enfermagem através da psicoeducação para facilitar o processo de enfrentamento e adaptação no papel de cuidador familiar do idoso. Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, quase experimental, realizado na unidade de medicina familiar, com um grupo de 70 cuidadores familiares de idosos, os critérios de inclusão: adultos de 20 a 59 anos, que soubessem ler e escrever. A intervenção psicoeducativa consistiu em 10 sessões, os instrumentos aplicados pre e post intervenção foram a escala sobre o processo de enfrentamento e adaptação, assim como a que avalia habilidade de cuidado. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A idade dos cuidadores familiares teve una média de 50.6, femininos 92.8%. A intervenção foi efetiva, pois se obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o pre e post em enfrentamento e adaptação (X2 Mc nemar p=0.00001), assim como, para a habilidade de cuidado (X2 p=0.01), o que sugere um efeito positivo e sustenido da intervenção. Conclusões: Os cuidadores familiares dos idosos que participaram na intervenção mostraram um efeito positivo na adaptação do seu papel de cuidador familiar.

Goal-directed therapy in cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in peritoneal carcinomatosis treatment causes significant hemodynamic, metabolic, and hematological alterations. Studies on the anesthetic intraoperative management are heterogeneous and scarce. There is a great heterogeneity in the anesthetic management of CRS and HIPEC. The aim of this study is to analyze perioperative hemodynamic goal-directed management and to evaluate the complications arisen until the seventh postoperative day. METHODS: Prospective, observational study of all CRS and HIPEC patients from March 2014 to May 2017. Hemodynamic and clinical parameters were registered during surgery and the first 3 postoperative days. We correlated intraoperative data with the postoperative course until the seventh day. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients were included in the study (age 58.5 ± 10.9 years, 47% colorectal carcinoma, and 38% ovarian carcinoma). Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI) (median and ranges) was 10 [0-39]. Cardiac Index (CI) 3.15 l/min-1/m-2 [1.79-5.60]) and Systolic Volume Variation (SVV) (10% [3%-17%]) remained within the values of normality in all surgery phases. A large difference was observed between the minimum and maximum ranges of fluid therapy administered (median 9.8 ml/kg/h [5.3-24.3]), showing a great interindividual variation in the fluids requirement. A direct relationship was observed between PCI and surgery duration, fluid therapy, and intraoperative transfusion percentage (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: There is a great variability in the intraoperative fluid therapy needs of the patients. SVV monitoring makes it possible to adjust the fluid therapy needs in each surgery phase. The use of a hemodynamic goal-directed anesthetic protocol in CRS and HIPEC enables to individually adjust the fluid therapy, avoiding over-hydration and ensuring hemodynamic stability in all surgery phases.

Estandarización de la técnica Real Time PCR para la detección molecular de la mutación V617F en el gen de JAK-2 en neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas / Standardization of the Real Time PCR technique for the molecular detection of the V617F mutation in the JAK-2 gene in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms

V617F mutation in exon 14 of Janus Kinase 2 gene (jak-2) is used as a molecular marker for the diagnosis of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Phi-) such as Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (MFP). To detect this mutation, we used conventional polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR), a simple and inexpensive technique, however, has some drawbacks that current technology allows to solve. During the last years, more sensitive molecular techniques have been incorporated in clinical practice to support the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of hematological patients. For its implementation in the clinical routine should be considered technical and economic aspects, so in this work, we evaluate the Real Time PCR technique as a diagnostic method for the detection of the Jak-2-V617F mutation, using in house primers design. Our result show that the technique implemented has a concordance index of 0.87 with the conventional PCR used in the molecular diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. In addition, it has the same specificity, greater sensitivity and, shorter execution time in relation to conventional PCR. The implementation of this diagnostic method in our Hospital is technically possible and commercially convenient. (AU)

The potential predictive value of DEK expression for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response in locally advanced rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available regarding the ability of biomarkers to predict complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Complete response translates to better patient survival. DEK is a transcription factor involved not only in development and progression of different types of cancer, but is also associated with treatment response. This study aims to analyze the role of DEK in complete pathological response following chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: Pre-treated tumour samples from 74 locally advanced rectal-cancer patients who received chemoradiation therapy prior to total mesorectal excision were recruited for construction of a tissue microarray. DEK immunoreactivity from all samples was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Then, association between positive stained tumour cells and pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment was measured to determine optimal predictive power. RESULTS: DEK expression was limited to tumour cells located in the rectum. Interestingly, high percentage of tumour cells with DEK positiveness was statistically associated with complete pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment based on radiotherapy and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy and a marked trend toward significance between DEK positiveness and absence of treatment toxicity. Further analysis revealed an association between DEK and the pro-apoptotic factor P38 in the pre-treated rectal cancer biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest DEK as a potential biomarker of complete pathological response to treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Estandarización del manejo de accesos vasculares de hemodiálisis en el Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Yucatán / Standardization of vascular access management in hemodialysis in a High Specialty Hospital in Yucatan / Padronização do manejo de acessos vasculares de hemodiálises no Hospital de Alta Especialidade de Yucatán

Introducción: La calidad del cuidado de enfermería en la unidad de hemodiálisis del Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán se fundamenta en el conocimiento científico, la evidencia clínica y la seguridad del paciente. Objetivo: Mejorar el cuidado del paciente con tratamiento hemodialítico y homogeneizar la práctica de enfermería. Métodos: Se diseñó un proyecto de intervención para estandarizar el manejo de los accesos vasculares mediante capacitación y cumplimiento del personal de enfermería. Se llevó a cabo de mayo-octubre del 2016, incluyó 12 enfermeros del área, quienes se evaluaron al inicio y al final, se les proporcionó una capacitación intermedia. Resultados: Los puntajes de la primera evaluación se ubicaban por debajo de los estándares de calidad, en el caso de las fístulas la puntuación obtenida fue de 27.58 puntos ± 2.64 y para los catéteres de 26.58 puntos ± 4.03; las fases más comprometidas en cada caso fueron la desconexión y la curación, respectivamente. Luego de la capacitación las puntuaciones mejoraron de forma considerable, la diferencia en las medias encontradas en el manejo de ambos accesos vasculares entre el antes y el después de la estandarización del procedimiento, fueron de t = -17.602, gl = 11, p = 0.000 para las fístulas y de t = -10.724, gl = 11, p = 0.000 para los catéteres. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirman la efectividad de la capacitación. Aún existen áreas de oportunidad, pero los resultados se han mantenido desde entonces, se gestionó la calidad y abastecimiento de los insumos, asimismo se han involucrado otras disciplinas en el proyecto.

Introduction: Nursing healthcare quality in the hemodialysis unit of the High Specialty Regional Hospital of Yucatan is based on the scientific knowledge, the clinical evidence, and the patient safety. Objective: To improve patient care under hemodialysis treatment and homogenize the corresponding nursing practice. Methods: An intervention project was designed to standardize the management of vascular access through nursing staff training and good performance. The initiative was carried out in May-October, 2016 and included 12 nurses of the area who were assessed pre and post an intermediate level training. Results: Scores in the first assessment were below the quality standards: fistulae related: 27.58 ±2.644, and catheter-related: 26.58 ±4.033. The most sensitive procedures in each case were disconnection and healing respectively. After the training, the related scores improved considerably -the mean differences found in the management of both vascular accesses before and after the standardization of the procedure were t = -17.602, gl = 11, P = .000 for fistulae related, and t = -10.724, gl = 11, P = .000 for catheter related. Conclusions: Results confirmed the effectiveness of the training, and the provision and quality of the supplies have been further fostered. Moreover, other disciplines have also been involved in this initiative.

Introdução: A qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem na unidade de hemodiálise do Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidade da Península de Yucatán fundamenta-se no conhecimento científico, a evidencia clínica e a segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Melhorar o cuidado do paciente com tratamento de hemodiálise e homogeneizar a prática de enfermagem. Métodos: Desenhou-se um projeto de intervenção para padronizar o manejo dos acessos vasculares mediante capacitação e cumprimento do pessoal de enfermagem. Levou-se a cabo de maio-outubro de 2016, incluiu 12 enfermeiros da área, quem se avaliou ao início e ao final, com uma capacitação intermédia. Resultados: A pontuação da primeira avaliação situava-se por embaixo dos estândares de qualidade, no caso das fístulas a pontuação obtida foi de 27.58 pontos ± 2.644 e para os cateteres de 26.58 pontos ± 4.033; as fases mais comprometidas em cada caso foram a desconexão e a cura, respectivamente. Logo da capacitação, as pontuações melhoraram de forma considerável, a diferença nas médias encontradas no manejo de ambos os acessos vasculares entre o antes e o depois da estandardização do procedimento, foram de t = -17.602, gl = 11, p = .000 para as fístulas e de t = -10.724, gl = 11, p = .000 para os cateteres. Conclusões: Os resultados confirmam a efetividade da capacitação. Ainda existem áreas de oportunidade, mas os resultados têm se mantido desde então, gerenciou-se a qualidade e abastecimento dos insumos, assim mesmo têm se envolvido outras disciplinas no projeto.

Trombosis de la vena ovárica: serie de 3 casos en el Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes / Thrombosis of the ovarian vein: series of 3 cases at the Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes

Se presentan 3 casos de trombosis de la vena ovárica, uno en relación a cirugía pélvica y dos durante el postparto. La trombosis de la vena ovárica es una complicación rara, de presentación clínica inespecífica, lo que hace plantearse un diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías más frecuentes (apendicitis, pielonefritis, etc), siendo la TAC el gold standard para su diagnóstico. El tratamiento más adecuado son los anticoagulantes.

We report 3 cases of varian vein thrombosis, one in relation with pelvic surgery and 2 during the postpartum period. The ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare complication, with inespecific symptoms, that is why it is obligatory to propose a differential diagnosis with more frecuent patologies (appendicitis, pyelonephritis, etc.), the CAT is the gold standard in its diagnosis. Anticoagulants are the most suitable treatment.

Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Citrus sinensis and Citrus latifolia.

The essential oils of Citrus sinensis and Citrus latifolia showed antimycotic activity against Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity; they are neither mutagenic on the Ames test nor cytotoxic. Their main components are R-(+)-limonene, ß-thujene, α-myrcene and γ-terpinene. The aim of this work was to evaluate their antimutagenic and antioxidant capacities. Antimutagenic properties were evaluated against MNNG and ENNG on S. typhimurium TA100; against 2AA on strain TA98 and in front of 4NQO and NOR on strain TA102. Both were antimutagenic against MNNG (p < 0.001) but only C. latifolia was antimutagenic against ENNG (p < 0.001). Both presented antimutagenic activity against 2AA (p < 0.001). They were antioxidant against the ROS-generating compound 4NQO (p < 0.001) and the antibiotic NOR (p < 0.001). In the antioxidant evaluation, the activity in DPPH assay was in a range of 6-23% for C. sinensis and of 22-71% for C. latifolia. Both were antioxidant compared with BHT in ß-carotene bleaching assay and were able to decreased apoptosis in HaCat cells stimulated with H2O2. The levels of intracellular superoxide ion were lower in the presence of both oils. In conclusion, the essential oils of C. sinensis and C. latifolia are antimutagenic against at least three types of mutagens and have antioxidants properties.

Psicoeducación: intervención de enfermería para el cuidado de la familia en su rol de cuidadora / Psychoeducation: Nursing intervention to the family in its role of care provider / Psicoeducação: intervenção de enfermagem para o cuidado da família em seu rolo de cuidadora

Resumen: Introducción: La atención de personas con padecimientos mentales ha sido abordada como un problema de salud que afecta a la población mundial. El manejo ha sido, principalmente, a través de la psiquiatría; para ello se ha apoyado en la psicoeducación, que surge a finales del siglo XX, como proceso en el que un profesional de salud brinda información sobre el origen, evolución y tratamiento de un padecimiento a la familia. Los estudios realizados han reportado variedad en los resultados, por lo que se pretende identificar la eficacia de las intervenciones psicoeducativas dirigidas a los cuidadores. Desarrollo: El modelo de psicoeducación plantea una forma de dar solución a los sucesos estresantes que se presentan en la vida cotidiana y de difícil resolución para el individuo en su rol de cuidador. En el caso de una familia, cuando uno de sus miembros enferma, otro se debe de hacer cargo de su cuidado, situación que pone de manifiesto a un cuidador, el cual requiere de información veraz sobre la situación de salud de su familiar. Enfermería utiliza la educación para la salud como herramienta para brindar información sanitaria al individuo y grupos por separado, con la implementación de la psicoeducación debe tomar en consideración a la persona y familia para brindar un cuidado integral. De los artículos revisados, se incluyeron aquellos que consideran como cuidador a alguien de los miembros de la familia y donde la estrategia implementada fue la psicoeducación. Conclusión: La revisión permitió identificar que la psicoeducación es una herramienta eficaz para realizar intervenciones en la familia y cuidador.

Abstract: Introduction: Attention to persons suffering from mental illnesses has been addressed as a health problem which affects the world population. The corresponding management has been, mainly, through the psychiatry which in turn has pivoted on psychoeducation which arises at the end of the XX century as a process where a health professional provides information to the family on the origin, evolution, and treatment of the mental illness. Related studies have reported diverse results and thus, the identification of the efficacy of psychoeducational interventions directed to care providers is here aimed. Development: The model of psychoeducation presents a form to make suggestion to address stressful events which occur in daily living and which are difficult to solve by the individual in a role of care provider. When a family member becomes sick, another member becomes a care provider who requires precise information on the issue. Nursing uses health education, including psychoeducation, as a tool to share information with both individuals and groups thus providing integral care. From the reviewed articles, those which considered a family member as a care provider and the psychoeducation as the addressing strategy were selected. Conclusion: The review allowed the identification of psychoeducation as an optimal tool to perform interventions on the family and the care provider.

Resumo: Introdução: A atenção de pessoas com doenças mentais tem sido tratada como um problema de saúde que afeta à população mundial. O manejo foi, principalmente, a través da psiquiatria; para isto suportou-se na psicoeducação, que surgiu no final do século XX, como um processo no qual um profissional de saúde oferece informação sobre a origem, evolução e tratamento de uma doença à família. Os estudos realizados reportam variedade nos resultados, pelo que se pretende identificar a eficácia das intervenções psicoeducativas dirigidas aos cuidadores. Desenvolvimento: O modelo de psicoeducação propõe uma forma de dar solução aos eventos estressantes que se apresentam na vida cotidiana e de difícil resolução para o indivíduo em seu rolo de cuidador. No caso de uma família, quando algum de seus membros fica doente, o outro deve-se fazer cargo de seu cuidado, situação que se revela a um cuidador, o qual requer de informação veraz sobre a situação de saúde de seu familiar. Enfermagem utiliza a educação para a saúde como ferramenta para oferecer informação sanitária ao indivíduo e grupos por separado, com a implementação da psicoeducação deve-se tomar em consideração à pessoa e família para oferecer um cuidado integral. Dos artigos revisados, incluíram-se aqueles que consideram como cuidador a alguém dos membros da família e onde a estratégia implementada foi a psicoeducação. Conclusão: A revisão permitiu identificar que a psicoeducação é uma ferramenta eficaz para realizar intervenções na família e cuidador.

Videolaryngoscopy versus Fiber-optic Intubation through a Supraglottic Airway in Children with a Difficult Airway: An Analysis from the Multicenter Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry.

BACKGROUND: The success rates and related complications of various techniques for intubation in children with difficult airways remain unknown. The primary aim of this study is to compare the success rates of fiber-optic intubation via supraglottic airway to videolaryngoscopy in children with difficult airways. Our secondary aim is to compare the complication rates of these techniques. METHODS: Observational data were collected from 14 sites after management of difficult pediatric airways. Patient age, intubation technique, success per attempt, use of continuous ventilation, and complications were recorded for each case. First-attempt success and complications were compared in subjects managed with fiber-optic intubation via supraglottic airway and videolaryngoscopy. RESULTS: Fiber-optic intubation via supraglottic airway and videolaryngoscopy had similar first-attempt success rates (67 of 114, 59% vs. 404 of 786, 51%; odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.00; P = 0.16). In subjects less than 1 yr old, fiber-optic intubation via supraglottic airway was more successful on the first attempt than videolaryngoscopy (19 of 35, 54% vs. 79 of 220, 36%; odds ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.04 to 4.31; P = 0.042). Complication rates were similar in the two groups (20 vs. 13%; P = 0.096). The incidence of hypoxemia was lower when continuous ventilation through the supraglottic airway was used throughout the fiber-optic intubation attempt. CONCLUSIONS: In this nonrandomized study, first-attempt success rates were similar for fiber-optic intubation via supraglottic airway and videolaryngoscopy. Fiber-optic intubation via supraglottic airway is associated with higher first-attempt success than videolaryngoscopy in infants with difficult airways. Continuous ventilation through the supraglottic airway during fiber-optic intubation attempts may lower the incidence of hypoxemia.

Altered fatty acid metabolism and reduced stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase activity in asthma.

BACKGROUND: Fatty acids and lipid mediator signaling play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, yet this area remains largely underexplored. The aims of this study were (i) to examine fatty acid levels and their metabolism in obese and nonobese asthma patients and (ii) to determine the functional effects of altered fatty acid metabolism in experimental models. METHODS: Medium- and long-chain fatty acid levels were quantified in serum from 161 human volunteers by LC/MS. Changes in stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) expression and activity were evaluated in the ovalbumin (OVA) and house dust mite (HDM) murine models. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients and controls were evaluated for SCD expression and activity. RESULTS: The serum desaturation index (an indirect measure of SCD) was significantly reduced in nonobese asthma patients and in the OVA murine model. SCD1 gene expression was significantly reduced within the lungs following OVA or HDM challenge. Inhibition of SCD in mice promoted airway hyper-responsiveness. SCD1 expression was suppressed in bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients. IL-4 and IL-13 reduced epithelial cell SCD1 expression. Inhibition of SCD reduced surfactant protein C expression and suppressed rhinovirus-induced IP-10 secretion, which was associated with increased viral titers. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate decreased fatty acid desaturase activity in humans with asthma. Experimental models in mice and human epithelial cells suggest that inhibition of desaturase activity leads to airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced antiviral defense. SCD may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in asthma patients.