Panorama da oferta do ensino médio integrado em enfermagem no Brasil / Panorama of the offer of integrated secondary education in nursing in Brazil / Panorama de la oferta de educación secundaria integrada en enfermería en Brasil

Objetivo: Analisar o panorama da oferta do ensino médio integrado em enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: Pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, documental. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema Nacional de Informações da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, e um questionário utilizando a plataforma digital Google Forms® para as escolas incluídas, analisadas com auxílio do Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Foram encontradas e validadas 90 escolas. O maior número destas escolas estava na região Nordeste (68), seguida das regiões Sudeste, Sul, Centro Oeste e Norte. Comparando o número de curso técnico de enfermagem tradicional com os cursos na modalidade integrada obtivemos razões de 11:1 a 378:1, sendo 98,9% da rede pública. Das escolas que responderam ao questionário, 60% utilizam o currículo integrado, cerca de 50% realizou alguma capacitação com os docentes, como também, evidenciamos a modalidade integrada ofertada em três formas diferentes que alteravam duração do curso e carga horária. Chamou atenção a taxa de 32,5% de evasão no referido curso. Conclusão: Constatamos que a modalidade integrada tem baixa capilaridade no Brasil, sendo sua maior aderência na região Nordeste, e na esfera pública, já que assume um compromisso com a formação humana integral e não apenas com o mercado de trabalho. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the panorama of the offer of integrated secondary education in nursing in Brazil. Methods: Quantitative-qualitative, documentary research. The data were collected from the National Information System for Professional and Technological Education, and a questionnaire using the Google Forms® digital platform for the schools included, analyzed with the aid of Microsoft Excel®. Results: 90 schools were found and validated. The largest number of these schools was in the Northeast region (68), followed by the Southeast, South, Midwest and North regions. Comparing the number of traditional nursing technical courses with courses in the integrated modality, we obtained ratios from 11: 1 to 378: 1, all from the public system. Of the schools that responded to the questionnaire, 60% use the integrated curriculum, about 50% carried out some training with the teachers, as well as showing the integrated modality offered in three different ways that altered the duration of the course and workload. The 32.5% dropout rate in that course drew attention. Conclusion: We found that the integrated modality has low capillarity in Brazil, with its greatest adherence in the Northeast region, and in the public sphere, since it assumes a commitment to integral human development and not only to the labor market. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar el panorama de la oferta de educación secundaria integrada en enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: Investigación documental cuantitativa-cualitativa. Los datos fueron recolectados del Sistema Nacional de Información para la Educación Profesional y Tecnológica, y un cuestionario utilizando la plataforma digital Google Forms® para las escuelas incluidas, analizado con la ayuda de Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: se encontraron y validaron 90 escuelas. El mayor número de estas escuelas se encontraba en la región noreste (68), seguida por las regiones sureste, sur, medio oeste y norte. Comparando el número de cursos técnicos tradicionales de enfermería con cursos en la modalidad integrada, obtuvimos ratios de 11: 1 a 378: 1, todos del sistema público. De las escuelas que respondieron al cuestionario, el 60% utiliza el currículo integrado, cerca del 50% realizó alguna capacitación con los docentes, además de mostrar la modalidad integrada ofrecida en tres formas diferentes que alteraron la duración del curso y la carga de trabajo. La tasa de deserción del 32,5% en ese curso llamó la atención. Conclusión: Encontramos que la modalidad integrada tiene baja capilaridad en Brasil, con su mayor adhesión en la región Nordeste, y en la esfera pública, ya que asume un compromiso con el desarrollo humano integral y no solo con el mercado laboral. (AU)

In vitro approaches to antioxidant screening for the development of a sunscreen formulation

Abstract The incorporation of antioxidants into sunscreens may provide additional skin photoprotection against the harmful photobiological effects of ultraviolet radiation. The present study evaluated the applicability of a screening approach to the assessment of the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 and then determined the performance of the most effective antioxidant in a sunscreen formulation. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the photoprotective potential was investigated by the yeast photoprotection assay. The antioxidant with the best effect was incorporated into sunscreen formulations which were evaluated for 120 days regarding their in vitro photoprotective parameters. Vitamin C showed high antioxidant capacity as well as a photoprotective potential against simulated solar irradiation applied for times longer than 1 h. Although the Sun Protection Factor, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength did not differed significantly (p<0.05) between the formulation blank and the formulations containing 0.5% or 1% vitamin C, formulations with vitamin C kept their photostability for 6 months. Consequently, the proposed screening approach seems to be promising for the development of an antisolar photostable formulation containing vitamin C as an antioxidant.

Heteroisotherapics effect on the treatment against smoking: a cognitive-behavioral approach

The most common way of consuming nicotine is in tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine causes intense addiction. The National Cancer Institute coordinates and executes the Tobacco Control Program in Brazil, through actions that encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles. In this context, homeopathy has used Heteroisotherapic medicines formulated according to the homeopathic pharmaceutical technology with scientific evidence of efficacy in the detoxification of substances and metals, and in the desensitization of foods or medicines. Aims Promote the importance of the cognitive-behavioral approach in combination with the homeopathic treatment against smoking. Methodology In the initial phase of the randomized double-blind clinical study (CEP / HUCFF / UFRJ 65622916.2.0000.5257), the effectiveness of the 6CH heteroisotherapeutic drug was assessed. Volunteers were recruited andin-person welcoming meetings, using the cognitive-behavioral approach, were carried out to inform them about the risks of smoking and the benefits of quitting. In addition, they were supported and guided during the smoking cessation process so that they could deal with the withdrawal syndrome, the psychological dependence and the constraints associated with smoking. Results and discussion84 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided by randomization into two groups:the Test Group (heteroisotherapeutic medication) and the Control Group (homeopathic medication Nux vomica6CH).Both groups will be followed for 12 months. The combination of the following approaches has led to a significant increase in the cessation rate: I.Prepare the smoker for solving his own issues; II. Stimulate skills to resist temptations to smoke; III. Prepare to prevent relapse; IV. Prepare to deal with stress. Studies show that, regardless the duration of these approaches, there is an increase in the abstinence rate. Moreover, the longer the total approach time (frequency multiplied by the time spent on each contact), the higher the abstinence rate. On the other hand, from a total approach time of 90 minutes on, there is no further increase in the abstinence rate. ConclusionThe partial results obtained so far demonstrate that the cognitive-behavioral approach played a decisive role in the groups performance, favoring the treatment adherence as well as the group cohesion around the Project's objective, contributing to the effectiveness of the medicine, a decreased anxiety, improved sleep, cessation or decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the abstinence rate.

Training-professional profile of nurses teaching at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System / Perfil formación-profesional del enfermero docente en las Escuelas Técnicas del Sistema Único de Salud / Perfil formativo-profissional dos enfermeiros docentes das Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the training-professional profile of nursing professors in the vocational course in nursing at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System. Methods: a quantitative descriptive research, carried out with 61 nurses who are professors of technical courses in nursing at five technical schools in three Brazilian regions. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: only 36% of teaching nurses were licensed and 80% had a specialization in nursing or health. Although 95.1% of participants considered training for teaching necessary, 44.2% did not have qualifications for this job. The average length of work in care was 8 years, focusing on the hospital network. Conclusion: the need for professor training and investment in it is evidenced, as the training of essential workers for nursing care and consolidation of the Unified Health System is on the agenda.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil formativo-profesional de los profesores de enfermería en el curso técnico en enfermería de las Escuelas Técnicas del Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, realizada con 61 enfermeras que son profesoras de cursos técnicos en enfermería en cinco escuelas técnicas en tres regiones brasileñas. Los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario en línea y se sometieron a análisis descriptivo. Resultados: se destaca que solo el 36% de los profesores de enfermería tenía licencia y el 80% tenía especialización en el campo de la enfermería o la salud. Si bien el 95,1% de los participantes consideró necesaria la formación para la docencia, el 44,2% no tenía la calificación para este puesto. El tiempo promedio de experiencia en la atención fue de 8 años, con foco en la red hospitalaria. Conclusión: se evidencia la necesidad de formación e inversión docente en la misma, ya que la formación de los trabajadores esenciales para la atención de enfermería y la consolidación del Sistema Único de Salud está en la agenda.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil formativo-profissional dos enfermeiros docentes do curso técnico em enfermagem das Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo descritiva, realizada com 61 enfermeiros professores de cursos técnicos em enfermagem de cinco escolas técnicas de três regiões brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados por questionário online e submetidos à análise descritiva. Resultados: destaca-se que apenas 36% dos enfermeiros docentes eram licenciados e 80% tinham especialização na área de enfermagem ou saúde. Apesar de 95,1% dos participantes considerar necessária a formação para o ensino, 44,2% não tinha qualificação para este trabalho. O tempo médio de atuação na assistência foi de 8 anos, concentrando-se na rede hospitalar. Conclusão: evidencia-se a necessidade de formação docente e o investimento nesta, pois está em pauta a formação de trabalhadores essenciais para o cuidado em enfermagem e consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Organizational and pedagogical characterization of vocational courses in nursing at SUS Schools / Caracterización organizativa y pedagógica de los cursos técnicos de enfermería en las Escuelas del SUS / Caracterização organizacional e pedagógica dos cursos técnicos em enfermagem das Escolas do SUS

ABSTRACT Objectives: to know the organizational and pedagogical characteristics of vocational courses in nursing of Unified Health System Vocational Schools in northeastern Brazil. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, developed in six schools that offer this course. As a data source, Pedagogical Political Project and Teaching Plans were used to search for information on courses' organizational and pedagogical characteristics through indirect documentation, using three structured scripts. Results: most of the characteristics of the courses are convergent between schools, but pedagogical characterization items do not exist, presenting themselves as fragility regarding the outline of such normative characteristics. Final Considerations: the characterization of the courses demonstrates the schools' commitment to training professionals aiming at quality of healthcare/nursing in/for the Unified Health System. However, the weakness found in the documents emerged as a challenge to be overcome, in order to better subsidize teaching and learning and qualify training.

RESUMEN Objetivos: conocer las características organizativas y pedagógicas de los cursos técnicos de enfermería en las Escuelas Técnicas del Sistema Único de Salud de la Región Nordeste. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado en seis escuelas que ofrecen este curso. Como fuente de datos se utilizó el Proyecto Político Pedagógico y los Planes Docentes, en búsqueda de información sobre las características organizativas y pedagógicas de los cursos, a través de documentación indirecta, utilizando tres guiones estructurados. Resultados: la mayoría de las características de los cursos son convergentes entre escuelas, pero no existen elementos de caracterización pedagógica, presentándose como fragilidad en el esquema de tales características normativas. Consideraciones Finales: la caracterización de los cursos demuestra el compromiso de las escuelas con la formación de profesionales orientados a la calidad de la atención/enfermería en/para el Sistema Único de Salud, sin embargo, la debilidad encontrada en los documentos surgió como un desafío a superar, con el fin de subsidiar mejor la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y calificar la formación.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer as características organizacionais e pedagógicas dos cursos técnicos em enfermagem das Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde da Região Nordeste. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido em seis escolas que ofertam este curso. Foram utilizados, como fonte de dados, o Projeto Político Pedagógico e os Planos de Ensino, em busca de informações sobre as características organizacionais e pedagógicas dos cursos, mediante documentação indireta, empregando três roteiros estruturados. Resultados: a maioria das características dos cursos é convergente entre as escolas, mas itens da caracterização pedagógica inexistem, apresentando-se como fragilidade quanto ao delineamento de tais características normativas. Considerações Finais: A caracterização dos cursos demonstra empenho das escolas para formação de profissionais visando à qualidade da atenção à saúde/enfermagem no/para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Contudo, a fragilidade encontrada nos documentos emergiu como desafio a ser superado, a fim de melhor subsidiar o ensino-aprendizagem e qualificar a formação.

Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety.

Although sunlight provides several benefits, ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the development of various skin damages such as erythema, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Despite cells having endogenous defense systems, damaged DNA may not be efficiently repaired at chronic exposure. In this sense, it is necessary to use artificial defense strategies such as sunscreen formulations. UV filters should scatter, reflect, or absorb solar UV radiation in order to prevent direct or indirect DNA lesions. However, the safety of UV filters is a matter of concern due to several controversies reported in literature, such as endocrine alterations, allergies, increased oxidative stress, phototoxic events, among others. Despite these controversies, the way in which sunscreens are tested is essential to ensure safety. Sunscreen regulation includes mandatory test for phototoxicity, but photogenotoxicity testing is not recommended as a part of the standard photosafety testing program. Although available photobiological tests are still the first approach to assess photosafety, they are limited. Some existing tests do not always provide reliable results, mainly due to limitations regarding the nature of the assessed phototoxic effect, cell UV sensitivity, and the irradiation protocols. These aspects bring queries regarding the safety of sunscreen wide use and suggest the demand for the development of robust and efficient in vitro screening tests to overcome the existing limitations. In this way, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has stood out as a promising model to fill the gaps in photobiology and to complete the mandatory tests enabling a more extensive and robust photosafety assessment.

A fenomenologia como base epistemológica e ética do movimento desalienista na frança e no Brasil / Phenomenology as an ethical and epistemological basis of the desalienist movement in france and in Brazil / La fenomenología como base epistemológica y ética del movimiento desalienista en francia y en Brasil

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a fenomenologia como base epistemológica e ética do movimento desalienista da psicoterapia institucional na França e da Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil. Descrevemos estes dois movimentos e os principais nomes que fizeram parte de suas histórias em interlocução com a fenomenologia, refletindo sobre como esta pode ser considerada uma base para a prática de profissionais da saúde mental inseridos neste contexto que está em plena transformação. (Re)discutir tais bases nos parece de fundamental importância para reafirmar o sentido epistemológico e ético necessário que fundamenta ambos os processos. Concluímos que a fenomenologia se apresentou e ainda se apresenta como uma via de questionamento das práticas em saúde mental e oferece o fundamento para se pensar uma prática que busca o encontro com os sujeitos, e não somente com a doença mental, e para o processo de desinstitucionalização dos doentes mentais.

This article aims to present the phenomenology as the epistemological and ethical basis of the desalienist movement of institutional psychotherapy in France and the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil. We describe these two movements and the main names that were part of their stories in interlocution with phenomenology, reflecting on how this can be considered a basis for the practice of mental health professionals inserted in this context that is in full transformation. To discuss such bases seems to us to have a fundamental importance in order to reaffirm the necessary epistemological and ethical sense that underlies both processes. We conclude that phenomenology has been presented and still presents itself as a way of questioning mental health practices and offers the basis to think of a practice that seeks the encounter with the subjects and not only with the mental illness, as well as the process of deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la fenomenología como base epistemológica y ética del movimiento desalienista de la psicoterapia institucional en Francia y de la Reforma Psiquiátrica en Brasil. Describimos estos dos movimientos y los principales nombres que formaron parte de sus historias en interlocución con la fenomenología, reflexionando sobre cómo ésta puede ser considerada una base para la práctica de profesionales de la salud mental insertados en este contexto que está en plena transformación. (Re)discutir tales bases nos parece de fundamental importancia para reafirmar el sentido epistemológico y ético necesario que fundamenta ambos procesos. Concluimos que la fenomenología se presentó y aún se presenta como una vía de cuestionamiento de las prácticas en salud mental y ofrece el fundamento para pensar una práctica que busca el encuentro con los sujetos y no sólo con la enfermedad mental y para el proceso de desinstitucionalización de los enfermos mentales.

Photoprotection assessment of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract standardized to oleuropein: In vitro and in silico approach for improved sunscreens.

Olive leaves contain higher amount of polyphenols than olive oil and represent a waste product from olive harvest and pruning of olive trees. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein. Benefits of the topical application of olive leaves extract were previously reported, but little information is available on its photoprotective potential and the result of the association of this extract with organic UV filters in topical sunscreen formulations. The olive leaves extract photoprotective potential is less explored for both oral and topical photoprotection in comparison with other plants extracts and polyphenols, such as Polypodium leucotomos extract and resveratrol. There are increasing efforts towards developing more efficient sunscreens and a photoprotection assessement along with a better understanding of the photochemistry of naturally occurring sunscreens could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to investigate the photoprotective potential of olive leaves extract standardized for oleuropein performing a set of in vitro and in silico tools as an innovative approach, highlighting yeast assays, in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and molecular modelling studies of UV absorption. This study supports the use of olive leaves extract for photoprotection, as an effective photoprotective, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant active, also showing a synergistic effect in association with UV filters with an improvement on in vitro SPF of sunscreen formulations.

Trajetória histórica e características da produção científica da revista baiana de enfermagem

Objetivo: Descrever a trajetória histórica e apresentar as características da produção científica da Revista Baiana de Enfermagem no período de 1981 a 2017. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo analítico; utiliza a pesquisa histórica e técnicas bibliométricas para consubstanciar e ilustrar os processos implicados na trajetória do período estudado. Os dados foram obtidos no acervo do Núcleo de Memória da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no acervo físico e eletrônico da revista. Resultados: Construção de uma linha do tempo da RBE, com a primeira edição publicada em 1981, na comemoração dos 35 anos da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia, apontava para o momento histórico da Escola, e a concretização do sonho de divulgar a produção científica da enfermagem. No período estudado, 671 artigos foram publicados, com crescimento linear no número de registros (R2= 0,5472). Os documentos eram artigos originais (64,38%; n= 432), entre outras tipologias de documentos, quanto à metodologia a maior expressividade foi a abordagem qualitativa. O periódico publicou, expressivamente, artigos da região nordeste, denotando o seu caráter regional e seu principal eixo temático a enfermagem em diversas perspectivas. Conclusão: A revista se constituiu em um grande veículo divulgador da produção científica da enfermagem nacionalmente, e principalmente para região nordeste, e já com avanços em bases de dados internacionais. Apresenta crescimento linear do número de artigos publicados que coaduna com o amadurecimento da gestão editorial e com as alterações com o cenário social, político e económicos do Brasil.

Objective: To describe the historical development and present the characteristics of the scientific production of the Revista Baiana de Enfermagem from 1981 to 2017. Material and Method: Descriptive analytical study uses historical research and bibliometric technique to validate and show the processes involved during the study period. The data were obtained from the records of the Nursing College of the Universidade Federal da Bahia, and from the journal's physical and electronic collection. Results: Journal timeline elaboration, with the first edition published in 1981 during the 35th anniversary commemoration of the School of Nursing of the Federal University of Bahia, which historical moment reflected the school's desire to contribute to the advancement of scientific production of nursing. During the period, 671 articles were published, showing linear growth in the number of records (R2 = 0.5472). The documents corresponded to original articles (64.38%; n= 432) among other types, and presented a mainly qualitative approach. The journal published, primarily, articles from the northeastern region of Brazil, indicating its regional character and its main thematic area of nursing from several perspectives. Conclusion: The journal has been an important instrument for scientific dissemination of national nursing, especially for the northeastern region, and has advanced in the indexation within international databases. The linear growth in the number of published articles is an evidence of the editorial management progress and reflects the social, political and economic changes in Brazil.

Objetivo: Describir la trayectoria histórica y presentar las características de la producción científica de la Revista Baiana de Enfermagem en el período 1981 a 2017. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y analítico que utiliza la investigación histórica y técnicas bibliométricas para corroborar e ilustrar los procesos involucrados en la trayectoria del período estudiado. Los datos se encontraron en la colección del Centro de la Memoria de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidade Federal da Bahia de Brasil y en la colección física y electrónica de la revista. Resultados: Construcción de una línea de tiempo de la RBE, con la primera edición publicada en 1981 en la conmemoración del 35o aniversario de la Escuela, cuyo momento histórico marchaba hacia el cumplimiento del deseo de contribuir con la difusión de la producción científica de enfermería. Durante el período de estudio se publicaron 671 artículos, con un crecimiento lineal en el número de registros (R2= 0,5472). Los documentos eran artículos originales (64,38%; n= 432), entre otras tipologías de documentos, y un enfoque mayormente cualitativo. La revista publicó, predominantemente, artículos de la región noreste, denotando el carácter regional; su eje temático principal es la enfermería en varias perspectivas. Conclusión: La revista ha sido un gran instrumento para la difusión científica de la enfermería nacional, especialmente de la región noreste y ha avanzado en la indexación en bases de datos internacionales. El crecimiento lineal del número de artículos publicados corresponde a la maduración de la gestión editorial y los cambios en el escenario social, político y económico en Brasil.

Additive manufacturing of titanium alloy could modify the pathogenic microbial profile: an in vitro study

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging process for biomaterials and medical devices. Direct Laser Metal Sintering (DLMS) is an AM technique used to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V implant materials with enhanced surface-related properties compared with wrought samples; thus, this technique could influence microbial adsorption and colonization. Therefore, this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different implant production processes on microbial adhesion of periodontal pathogens. Titanium discs produced using two different processes—conventional and AM—were divided into three groups: conventional titanium discs with machined surface (G1), AM titanium discs with chemical treatment (G2) and AM titanium discs without chemical treatment (G3). Subgingival biofilm composed of 32 species was formed on the titanium discs, and positioned vertically in 96-well plates, for 7 days. The proportions of microbial complexes and the microbial profiles were analyzed using a DNA-DNA hybridization technique, and data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett tests (p < 0.05). Lower proportions of the red complex species were observed in the biofilm formed in G2 compared with that in G1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the proportions of the microbial complexes were similar between G2 and G3 (p > 0.05). Compared with G1, G2 showed reduced levels of Porphyromonas gingvalis , Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Streptococcus intermedius , and increased levels of Parvimonas micra , Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Eikenella corrodens (p < 0.05). The microbial profile of G3 did not differ from G1 and G2 (p > 0.05). The results of this in vitro study showed that titanium discs produced via AM could alter the microbial profile of the biofilm formed around them. Further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.

Piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1 gene as a possible major player in gastric cancer.

AIM: To establish a permanent piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1 (PIWIL1) gene knockout in AGP01 gastric cancer cell line using CRISPR-Cas9 system and analyze phenotypic modifications as well as gene expression alterations. METHODS: CRISPR-Cas9 system used was purchased from Dharmacon GE Life Sciences (Lafayette, CO, United States) and permanent knockout was performed according to manufacturer's recommendations. Wound-healing assay was performed to investigate the effect of PIWIL1 knockout on migration capability of cells and Boyden chamber invasion assay was performed to investigate the effect on invasion capability. For the gene expression analysis, a one-color microarray-based gene expression analysis kit (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States) was used according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. RESULTS: PIWIL1 gene knockout caused a significant decrease in AGP01 migration capacity as well as a significant decrease in cell invasiveness. Moreover, functional analysis based on grouping of all differentially expressed mRNAs identified a total of 35 genes (5 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated) encoding proteins involved in cellular invasion and migration. According to current literature, 9 of these 35 genes (DOCK2, ZNF503, PDE4D, ABL1, ABL2, LPAR1, SMAD2, WASF3 and DACH1) are possibly related to the mechanisms used by PIWIL1 to promote carcinogenic effects related to migration and invasion, since their functions are consistent with the changes observed (being up- or down-regulated after knockout). CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data reinforce the idea that PIWIL1 plays a crucial role in the signaling pathway of gastric cancer, regulating several genes involved in migration and invasion processes; therefore, its use as a therapeutic target may generate promising results in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Políticas sociais de inclusão social para pessoas com deficiência / Social policies of social inclusion for people with disabilities / Políticas sociales de inclusión social para personas con discapacidad

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a temática da deficiência se desenvolveu no campo das políticas públicas brasileiras depois dos anos 1970 até os dias atuais. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar os principais marcos legais e políticos da inclusão social das PCD e caracterizar essa população, a fim de compreendermos mais acerca da realidade brasileira. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental, os resultados indicaram que, no Brasil, o movimento social das PCD se intensificou após o regime militar e ganhou contribuições de diferentes órgãos na hierarquia governamental brasileira, dentre os quais a CORDE e o CONADE, que, junto à Secretaria de Direitos Humanos, têm implementado e regulamentado ações de inclusão no país. Também se verificou que a população de PCD tem menos acesso à educação, salários menores e várias outras desvantagens, se comparadas à das pessoas sem deficiência, demonstrando que leis de inclusão no trabalho, dentre outras ações, ainda são muito necessárias

The objective of this study is to understand how disability issues developed in the field of Brazilian public policies after the ‘70s to the present day. Specifically, identify the key legal and policy frameworks for social inclusion of PWD and characterize this population in order to understand more about the Brazilian reality. Through documentary research, the results indicated that in Brazil, the social movement of PWD intensified after the military regime, and earned contributions of different organs in the Brazilian hierarchy government, among which CORDE and CONADE with the help of secretariat of human rights, it has implemented and regulated inclusion initiatives in the country. It was also found that the population of PWD have less access to education, lower wages and a number of disadvantages compared to people without disabilities, demonstrating that the inclusion actions like law that guarantee access to work, among other actions are still necessary

El objetivo de este estudio es entender cómo los temas de discapacidad son desarrollados en el campo de las políticas públicas de Brasil después de los años 70 hasta la actualidad. En concreto, hemos tratado de identificar los marcos legales y de políticas clave para la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad, y caracterizar esta población con el fin de comprender mejor la realidad brasileña. A través de la investigación documental, los resultados indicaron que en Brasil, el movimiento social de la PCD se intensificó después del régimen militar, luego se ganaron las contribuciones de los diferentes órganos de la jerarquía de Brasil entre los que, CORDE y CONADE junto con la secretaría de derechos humanos ha implementado y regulado iniciativas de inclusión en el país. También se encontró que la población de PCD tiene menos acceso a la educación, los salarios más bajos y una serie de desventajas en comparación con las personas sin discapacidad; lo que demuestra que la inclusión de las leyes en el trabajo, entre otras acciones, siguen siendo necesarias

Avaliação comparativa entre as técnicas de recobrimento radicular com enxerto de conjuntivo associada ou não à matriz derivada de esmalte (Emdogain) / Comparative evaluation of techniques for root coverage with connective graft associated or not with enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain)

As recessões gengivais são motivos frequentes de visitas aos consultórios odontológicos devido à sua presença causar prejuízos estéticos ao sorriso, além de sensibilidade dolorosa. Existem muitas técnicas descritas na literatura para o recobrimento das raízes expostas, minimizando as consequências das recessões. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a técnica de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo e a utilização do Emdogain® para o recobrimento de recessões gengivais e comparar os benefícios de cada uma. Para isso realizou-se uma revisão de literatura a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico utilizando a base de dados da United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) durante o período entre 2008 e 2013. Foram encontrados 74 estudos no total. Quarenta e sete estudos foram selecionados e coletados. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, vinte e três artigos foram selecionados para a confecção da revisão de literatura e dez passaram por uma análise comparativa a fim de possibilitar a coleta de dados e particularidades de cada estudo. Após a análise comparativa, as duas técnicas demostraram ser efetivas para o tratamento das recessões gengivais e apresentaram taxas semelhantes de cobertura radicular. O uso do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (ETC) tem a desvantagem de possuir um sítio doador, o que pode causar maior desconforto pós-operatório, por outro lado, as proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte (PDME) têm a desvantagem de possuir um alto custo.

Gingival recessions are common reasons for visits to dental offices because of their presence and cause cosmetic damage to smile and soreness. There are many techniques described in the literature for the covering of exposed roots, thus minimizing the effects of recessions. The objective of this work is to analyze the technique of connective tissue graft and use of Emdogain® for coverage of gingival recession and compare the benefits of each. For this we carried out a literature review from a literature survey using the database of the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) during the period between 2008 and 2013. Seventy-four studies were found in total. Forty-seven studies were selected and collected. After applying the inclusion criteria, twenty three articles were selected for the preparation of the literature review and ten went through a comparative analysis to enable data collection and particularities of each study. After a comparative analysis, both techniques have shown to be effective for the treatment of gingival recessions and had similar rates of root coverage. The use of the ETC has the disadvantage of having a donor site, which can cause greater discomfort after surgery, on the other hand, PDME has the disadvantage of having a high cost.

Purinergic P2Y12 Receptor Activation in Eosinophils and the Schistosomal Host Response.

Identifying new target molecules through which eosinophils secrete their stored proteins may reveal new therapeutic approaches for the control of eosinophilic disorders such as host immune responses to parasites. We have recently reported the expression of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) in human eosinophils; however, its functional role in this cell type and its involvement in eosinophilic inflammation remain unknown. Here, we investigated functional roles of P2Y12R in isolated human eosinophils and in a murine model of eosinophilic inflammation induced by Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. We found that adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) induced human eosinophils to secrete eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in a P2Y12R dependent manner. However, ADP did not interfere with human eosinophil apoptosis or chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo, C57Bl/6 mice were infected with cercariae of the Belo Horizonte strain of S. mansoni. Analyses performed 55 days post infection revealed that P2Y12R blockade reduced the granulomatous hepatic area and the eosinophilic infiltrate, collagen deposition and IL-13/IL-4 production in the liver without affecting the parasite oviposition. As found for humans, murine eosinophils also express the P2Y12R. P2Y12R inhibition increased blood eosinophilia, whereas it decreased the bone marrow eosinophil count. Our results suggest that P2Y12R has an important role in eosinophil EPO secretion and in establishing the inflammatory response in the course of a S. mansoni infection.

Sentidos e significados do trabalho: dos impedimentos às possibilidades do trabalho de pessoas com deficiências / Sense and meanings of work: the impediments and the job possibilities for people with disabilities / Los sentidos y significados del trabajo: de los impedimentos a las posibilidades de trabajo para personas con discapacidad

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a relação das pessoas com deficiências e seu trabalho. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar os sentidos e significados atribuídos ao trabalho, e descrever os impedimentos da atividade concreta e as estratégias desenvolvidas para sua superação. Esse objetivo é inspirado na perspectiva teórica sócio-histórica e nas teorias da atividade, clínica da atividade em particular. A pesquisa foi realizada com 16 servidores de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior - IES, tratando-se de um estudo multi-métodos sequencial, transversal de orientação qualitativa, com utilização de técnicas de entrevista narrativa e criação fotográfica. Os resultados demonstraram o trabalho sendo caracterizado como uma necessidade, fonte de prazer, reconhecimento, socialização. Os impedimentos estiveram mais relacionados às condições ambientais da atividade, do que propriamente à condição da deficiência. Conclui-se que o acesso ao trabalho é uma importante ferramenta de inclusão social de pessoas com deficiência, e, nesse sentido, leis de reserva de vaga cumprem seu papel.

The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between people with disabilities and their labor. Senses and meanings related to work were specifically identified; also describing the impediments of concrete activities, as well the strategies developed for overcoming them. This objective is inspired on the social historic theoretical perspective as well as on the activity's theory, specifically in the activity clinic approach. The research has been made possible through the interview of 16 workers from a IES, it categorizes as a multi-method sequential and transversal study of qualitative orientation, making use of technics of narrative interviews and photographic creation. The results indicate that work was described as a necessity, a source of pleasure, recognition and socialization. Impediments were more deeply related to the physical conditions of the work environment than to the person's disabilities. Conclusion points out that the access to work, acts as a social inclusion tool for peoples with disabilities, and showing that, the laws regarding quota reservations fulfill their objective.

El objetivo de este estudio fue entender la relación de las personas con discapacidad y su trabajo. Concretamente, fue identificado los sentidos y significados asignados al trabajo, describir las restricciones de su actividad concreta, y las estrategias desarrolladas para superarlos. Este objetivo se inspira en la perspectiva teórica socio histórica y las teorías de la Actividad, clinica de la actividad en particular. La investigación se realizó con 16 servidores de una institución de educación superior, es un estudio "multi-métodos", secuencial y transversal, de orientación cualitativa con el uso de las técnicas de entrevista narrativa y creación fotográfica. Los resultados mostraron que el trabajo se caracteriza por ser una necesidad, una fuente de placer, reconocimiento y socialización. Las restricciones se relacionan más a las condiciones ambientales de la actividad que la condición de discapacidad. La conclusión es de que el acceso al trabajo permite una importante herramienta para la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad, y en este sentido, la leye de vacantes reservados cumple su papel.

Titanium dioxide-montmorillonite nanocomposite as photoprotective agent against ultraviolet B radiation-induced mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a potential candidate for safer sunscreens.

Photoprotective potential and biological consequences (mutagenic potential) of octyl-dimethyl-PABA (ODP), titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), and montmorillonite (MMT) upon ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, alone and in different associations [physical mixtures (PMs)], were evaluated using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ogg1 mutant (deficient) strain. In addition, we developed and characterized a delaminated TiO2-pillared MMT, called the TiO2 -MMT nanocomposite (NC), which was also investigated in terms of its photoprotective and mutagenic potential. Overall, our results revealed an interesting TiO2 -MMT NC endowed with antimutagenic activity that can be associated to organic sunscreen molecule (ODP) and still maintain its positive effect, whereas its respective PM is unable to grant antimutagenic protection against UVB.

Hydroxyl scavenging activity accounts for differential antioxidant protection of Plantago major against oxidative toxicity in isolated rat liver mitochondria.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to study the effects of P. major against the oxidative damage of isolated rat liver mitochondria. METHODS: The extracts were obtained using methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EAc), dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane (Hex) as solvents. KEY FINDINGS: Hex, DCM, and EAc totally, and MeOH partially, inhibited ROS generation and lipid peroxidation of membranes induced by Fe(2+) or t-BOOH. However, only MeOH was able to prevent the t-BOOH-induced glutathione and NAD(P)H oxidation. All extracts chelated Fe(2+) and reduced DPP Hradicals. EPR analysis revealed that P. major exhibited potent scavenger activity for hydroxyl radicals. CONCLUSIONS: The potent antioxidant activity exhibited by P. major was able to prevent oxidative mitochondrial damage, contributing to the understanding of its hepatoprotective action against ROS-mediated toxicity.

Baccharis dracunculifolia, the main source of green propolis, exhibits potent antioxidant activity and prevents oxidative mitochondrial damage.

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the main botanical source used by honeybees to produce Brazilian green propolis whose hepatoprotective properties have been already described. In this work we investigated the protective effects of the glycolic extract of B. dracunculifolia (GEBd) against oxidative stress in isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM). The GEBd was prepared by fractionated percolation using propylene glycol as solvent. The total phenols and flavonoids, which are substances with recognized antioxidant action, were quantified in GEBd and the phytochemical analysis was carried out by HPLC. GEBd exhibited significant scavenger activity towards DPPH radicals and superoxide anions in a concentration-dependent manner, and also a Fe2+ chelating activity. GEBd decreased the basal H2O2 generation and the Fe2+- or t-BuOOH-induced ROS production in isolated mitochondria. Lipid oxidation of mitochondrial membranes, protein thiol groups and GSH oxidation were also prevented by GEBd. This shows that B. dracunculifolia exhibit potent antioxidant activity protecting liver mitochondria against oxidative damage and such action probably contribute to the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of green propolis.

A influência do biotipo periodontal na estética peri-implantar / The influence of periodontal biotype on peri-implant dental aesthetics

A preocupação com a estética é cada vez maior na terapia com implantes osseointegrados e a criação de uma margem gengival harmônica, uma completa formação de papila interdental e o biotipo periodontal têm aparecido como fatores primordiais para a obtenção de um resultado estético de excelência. O objetivo do trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão da literatura mostrando os fatores de risco envolvidos na estética peri-implantar e observar a possível relação entre esses fatores e o biotipo periodontal. A influência que o biotipo periodontal exerce sobre os tecidos peri-implantares parece ser bem controversa entre os autores, porém, de acordo com a literatura, a qualidade do biotipo periodontal pode ditar a estratégia de planejamento para a instalação de implantes na região anterior da maxila, podendo ter relação principalmente com a manutenção da papila interdental, com o tecido ósseo subjacente e com a estabilidade da margem gengival livre.

Nowadays, esthetics has been one of the main issues on dental implant therapy. Creation of a harmonious gingival margin, with complete formation of interdental papilla and periodontal biotype has emerged as key factors for achieving excellent results. The aim of this paper was to present a literature review showing the risk factors involved in peri-implant aesthetics and the possible relationship between these factors and periodontal biotypes. The influence of periodontal biotype on peri-implant tissues appeared quite controversial among authors but, according to the literature, the quality of periodontal biotype can dictate the treatment strategy for implant placement in the anterior maxillary region, being related to the maintenance of the interdental papillae, the underlying bone tissue, and to the stability of the free gingival margin