PEACE V - Salvage Treatment of OligoRecurrent nodal prostate cancer Metastases (STORM): a study protocol for a randomized controlled phase II trial.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic nodal recurrences are being increasingly diagnosed with the introduction of new molecular imaging techniques, like choline and PSMA PET-CT, in the restaging of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). At this moment, there are no specific treatment recommendations for patients with limited nodal recurrences and different locoregional treatment approaches are currently being used, mostly by means of metastasis-directed therapies (MDT): salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Since the majority of patients treated with MDT relapse within 2 years in adjacent lymph node regions, with an estimated median time to progression of 12-18 months, combining MDT with whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) may improve oncological outcomes in these patients. The aim of this prospective multicentre randomized controlled phase II trial is to assess the impact of the addition of WPRT to MDT and short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on metastasis-free survival (MFS) in the setting of oligorecurrent pelvic nodal recurrence. METHODS & DESIGN: Patients diagnosed with PET-detected pelvic nodal oligorecurrence (≤5 nodes) following radical local treatment for PCa, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio between arm A: MDT and 6 months of ADT, or arm B: WPRT added to MDT and 6 months of ADT. Patients will be stratified by type of PET-tracer (choline, FACBC or PSMA) and by type of MDT (sLND or SBRT). The primary endpoint is MFS and the secondary endpoints include clinical and biochemical progression-free survival (PFS), prostate cancer specific survival, quality of life (QoL), toxicity and time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and to palliative ADT. Estimated study completion: December 31, 2023. DISCUSSION: This is the first prospective multicentre randomized phase II trial assessing the potential of combined WPRT and MDT as compared to MDT alone on MFS for patients with nodal oligorecurrent PCa. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03569241, registered June 14, 2018, ; Identifier on Swiss National Clinical Trials Portal (SNCTP): SNCTP000002947, registered June 14, 2018.

The impact of local control on overall survival after stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer: a combined analysis of 388 patients with 500 metastases.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this analysis was to model the effect of local control (LC) on overall survival (OS) in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver or lung metastases from colorectal cancer. METHODS: The analysis is based on pooled data from two retrospective SBRT databases for pulmonary and hepatic metastases from 27 centers from Germany and Switzerland. Only patients with metastases from colorectal cancer were considered to avoid histology as a confounding factor. An illness-death model was employed to model the relationship between LC and OS. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-eight patients with 500 metastatic lesions (lung n = 209, liver n = 291) were included and analyzed. Median follow-up time for local recurrence assessment was 12.1 months. Ninety-nine patients with 112 lesions experienced local failure. Seventy-one of these patients died after local failure. Median survival time was 27.9 months in all patients and 25.4 months versus 30.6 months in patients with and without local failure after SBRT. The baseline risk of death after local failure exceeds the baseline risk of death without local failure at 10 months indicating better survival with LC. CONCLUSION: In CRC patients with lung or liver metastases, our findings suggest improved long-term OS by achieving metastatic disease control using SBRT in patients with a projected OS estimate of > 12 months.

ESMO Consensus Conference on testicular germ cell cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) consensus conference on testicular cancer was held on 3-5 November 2016 in Paris, France. The conference included a multidisciplinary panel of 36 leading experts in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer (34 panel members attended the conference; an additional two panel members [CB and K-PD] participated in all preparatory work and subsequent manuscript development). The aim of the conference was to develop detailed recommendations on topics relating to testicular cancer that are not covered in detail in the current ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) and where the available level of evidence is insufficient. The main topics identified for discussion related to: (1) diagnostic work-up and patient assessment; (2) stage I disease; (3) stage II-III disease; (4) post-chemotherapy surgery, salvage chemotherapy, salvage and desperation surgery and special topics; and (5) survivorship and follow-up schemes. The experts addressed questions relating to one of the five topics within five working groups. Relevant scientific literature was reviewed in advance. Recommendations were developed by the working groups and then presented to the entire panel. A consensus vote was obtained following whole-panel discussions, and the consensus recommendations were then further developed in post-meeting discussions in written form. This manuscript presents the results of the expert panel discussions, including the consensus recommendations and a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation. All participants approved the final manuscript.

The SBRT database initiative of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO): patterns of care and outcome analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver oligometastases in 474 patients with 623 metastases.

BACKGROUND: The intent of this pooled analysis as part of the German society for radiation oncology (DEGRO) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) initiative was to analyze the patterns of care of SBRT for liver oligometastases and to derive factors influencing treated metastases control and overall survival in a large patient cohort. METHODS: From 17 German and Swiss centers, data on all patients treated for liver oligometastases with SBRT since its introduction in 1997 has been collected and entered into a centralized database. In addition to patient and tumor characteristics, data on immobilization, image guidance and motion management as well as dose prescription and fractionation has been gathered. Besides dose response and survival statistics, time trends of the aforementioned variables have been investigated. RESULTS: In total, 474 patients with 623 liver oligometastases (median 1 lesion/patient; range 1­4) have been collected from 1997 until 2015. Predominant histologies were colorectal cancer (n = 213 pts.; 300 lesions) and breast cancer (n = 57; 81 lesions). All centers employed an SBRT specific setup. Initially, stereotactic coordinates and CT simulation were used for treatment set-up (55%), but eventually were replaced by CBCT guidance (28%) or more recently robotic tracking (17%). High variance in fraction (fx) number (median 1 fx; range 1­13) and dose per fraction (median: 18.5 Gy; range 3­37.5 Gy) was observed, although median BED remained consistently high after an initial learning curve. Median follow-up time was 15 months; median overall survival after SBRT was 24 months. One- and 2-year treated metastases control rate of treated lesions was 77% and 64%; if maximum isocenter biological equivalent dose (BED) was greater than 150 Gy EQD2Gy, it increased to 83% and 70%, respectively. Besides radiation dose colorectal and breast histology and motion management methods were associated with improved treated metastases control. CONCLUSION: After an initial learning curve with regards to total cumulative doses, consistently high biologically effective doses have been employed translating into high local tumor control at 1 and 2 years. The true impact of histology and motion management method on treated metastases control deserve deeper analysis. Overall survival is mainly influenced by histology and metastatic tumor burden.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligo-metastatic liver disease - Influence of pre-treatment chemotherapy and histology on local tumor control.

INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is applied in the oligometastatic setting to treat liver metastases. However, factors influencing tumor control probability (TCP) other than radiation dose have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we set out to investigate such factors with a focus on the influence of histology and chemotherapy prior to SBRT using a large multi-center database from the German Society of Radiation Oncology. METHODS: 452 SBRT treatments in 363 patients were analyzed after collection of patient, tumor and treatment data in a multi-center database. Histology was considered through random effects in semi-parametric and parametric frailty models. Dose prescriptions were parametrized by conversion to the maximum biologically effective dose using alpha/beta of 10Gy (BEDmax). RESULTS: After adjusting for histology, BEDmax was the strongest predictor of TCP. Larger PTV volumes, chemotherapy prior to SBRT and simple motion management techniques predicted significantly lower TCP. The model predicted a BED of 209±67Gy10 necessary for 90% TCP at 2years with no prior chemotherapy, but 286±78Gy10 when chemotherapy had been given. Breast cancer metastases were significantly more responsive to SBRT compared to other histologies with 90% TCP at 2years achievable with BEDmax of 157±80Gy10 or 80±62Gy10 with and without prior chemotherapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Besides dose, histology and pretreatment chemotherapy were important factors influencing local TCP in this large cohort of liver metastases. After adjusting for prior chemotherapy, our data add to the emerging evidence that breast cancer metastases do respond better to hypofractionated SBRT compared to other histologies.

[Modern radiotherapeutic concept - stereotactic, adjuvant, palliative]. / Moderne strahlentherapeutische Konzepte - stereotaktisch, adjuvant, palliativ.

Radiotherapy is an important and well integrated part in modern treatment concepts for cancer of the lung and pleura. Thanks to technical progress in the last years radiotherapy has managed to prove its role in all stages of lung cancers and has opened a spectrum of new treatment options. Stereotactic radiotherapy of the early NSCLC has become the standard treatment for radically inoperable patients. It provides better local control rates than traditional conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. In stage III NSCLC, simultaneous radiochemotherapy is an effective option with equal results compared to surgery. The standard treatment for limited disease SCLC is primary simultaneous radiochemotherapy. All patients with good response after primary treatment profit from prophylactic cranial irradiation. Adjuvant radiotherapy is a component of the trimodal treatment for curative approaches in patients with pleura mesothelioma. Palliative radiotherapy is the standard treatment for brain metastases, bone metastases and compression or obstruction from thoracal tumour mass.