Confecção de guia multifuncional para planejamento de reabilitação implantossuportada: relato de caso / Preparation of a multifuncional guide for the planning of implant-supported rehabilitations: case report / Elaboración de una guía multifuncional para la planificación de rehabilitación implantosoportada: informede caso

Introdução:Em busca da estética e da função mastigatória,é cada vez mais crescente aprocurapor reabilitações implantossuportadas. O guia multifuncional surgepara orientar a disponibilidade óssea e contribuir no planejamento da instalação tridimensional dos implantes, seguindo os princípios do planejamento reverso.Objetivo:Descrever, por meio de um caso clínico, a possibilidade de obtenção de resultados de excelente previsibilidade em coroas unitárias implantossuportadas, por meio do uso de guias multifuncionais, no planejamento do início ao fim de tratamento.Relato decaso:Paciente A.M.F, 44 anos, sexo feminino, compareceu à clínica de Prótese dentária do Departamento de Odontologia/UFRN com queixa de insatisfação da sua prótese removível e harmonia do sorriso. Ao exame clínico e radiográfico, observou-se ausência do elemento 12, apresentando um espaço interoclusal de 5mm e distância médio-distal de 7mm. Foi confeccionado o guia em resina acrílica, o qual foi preenchido o espaço desdentado com um dente de estoque. Em seguida, o dente deste guia teve seu centro perfurado com uma broca esférica para peça reta na região de cíngulo e com isso, preenchida com guta percha em bastão. Após isso, o paciente foi encaminhado para realizar uma tomografia computadorizada cone beam com o guia multifuncional em posição.As imagens obtidas permitiram o planejamento para instalação do implante, como inclinação e posicionamento favorável, bem como ausência de disponibilidade óssea na região. Além disso, o guia funcionou em outras etapas do tratamento da paciente, como na fase provisória.Conclusão:Os guias auxiliam em diversas fases do tratamento e permitem maior previsibilidade dos resultados em reabilitações protéticas unitárias implantossuportadas, apresentando-se como um dispositivo promissorpara ocorreto posicionamento do implante (AU).

Introduction:In search of esthetics and improved masticatory function, the demand for implant-supported rehabilitation is increasing. Multifunctional guides emerge to assess bone availability and help plan the three-dimensional installation of implants, following the principles of reverse planning. Objective:To describe, through a clinical case, the possibility of obtaining excellent predictability in implant-supported single crowns, through the use of multifunctional guides, inthe planning of a treatment from beginning to end. Case report:Patient A.M.F, 44 years old, female, came to the Prosthodontics clinic at the Department of Dentistry/UFRN complaining of dissatisfaction with her removable prosthesis and the harmony of her smile. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the absence of element 12, with an interocclusal space of 5mm and a mid-distal distance of 7mm. The acrylic resin guide was made and the edentulous space was filled with a stock tooth. The center of theguide tooth was then drilled with a spherical straight-bit burr in the cingulum region and filled with gutta-percha stick. The patient was then referred for a cone beam computed tomography with the multifunctional guide in position. The images obtained allowed planning for implant installation, such as favorable inclination and positioning, as well as the absence of bone availability in the region. In addition, the guide was effective during other stages of the patient's treatment, such as the provisional phase.Conclusion:The guides assist in various phases of treatment and allow greater predictability of results in implant-supported single prosthetic rehabilitations, presenting themselves as a promising device for correct implant positioning (AU).

Introducción:En busca de estética y función masticatoria, la demanda de rehabilitaciones implantosoportadas es cada vez mayor. La guía multifuncional hasurgido para orientar la disponibilidad ósea y ayudar a planificar la instalación tridimensional de implantes, siguiendo los principios de la planificación inversa. Objetivo: Describir, a través de un caso clínico, la posibilidad de obtener una excelente predictibilidad en coronas unitarias implantosoportadas, mediante el uso de guías multifuncionales, en la planificación desde el início hasta el final del tratamiento. Informe de caso: Paciente A.M.F, 44 años, sexo femenino, compareció a la clínica de Prostodoncia del Departamento de Odontología/UFRN quejándose estar insatisfecha con su prótesis removible y con la armonía de su sonrisa. El examen clínico y radiográfico reveló la ausencia del elemento 12, con un espacio interoclusal de 5 mm y una distancia medio-distal de 7 mm. Se confeccionó una guía de resina acrílica y se rellenó el espacio edéntulo con un diente provisorio. A continuación, se perforó el centro del diente guía con una broca recta esférica en la región del cíngulo y se le rellenó con gutapercha en barra. Posteriormente, el paciente fue remitido a una tomografía computarizada cone beamcon la guía multifuncional en posición. Las imágenes obtenidas permitieron planificar la instalación del implante, como inclinación y posicionamiento favorables, así como la ausencia de disponibilidad ósea en la región. La guía también funcionó en otras fases del tratamiento del paciente, como en la fase provisional. Conclusión:Las guías ayudan en varias fases del tratamiento y permiten una mayor previsibilidadde los resultados en rehabilitaciones protésicas unitarias implantosoportadas, presentándose como un dispositivo prometedor para el correcto posicionamiento de los implantes (AU).

O condicionamento de tecido peri-implantar na reabilitação estética de próteses unitárias sobre implantes: relato de caso clínico / Peri-implant tissue conditioning in the esthetic rehabilitation of unitary prostheses on implants: Clinical case report / Acondicionamiento del tejido periimplantario en la rehabilitación estética de prótesis unitarias sobre implantes: Informe de caso clínico

Introdução:A reabilitação protética implantosuportada de espaços edêntulos na região do sorriso é um desafio para o cirurgião-dentista. Para obtenção da estética em próteses unitárias sobre implante é necessário considerar aspectos como o correto posicionamento do implante e sua harmonia com os tecidos moles e duros. Objetivo:relatar o resultado estético e funcional de um tratamento com auxílio de coroa provisória associada ao condicionamento gengival na reabilitação final com coroa unitária implantossuportada. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente MJFA, 36 anos, sexo feminino, compareceu à clínica de Prótese Dentária do Departamento de Odontologia/UFRN queixando-se de trauma dentário com perda do elemento dentário 15 e necessidade de "ficar com sorriso mais bonito". Após instalação de implante com conexão cônica e período de osseointegração, foi realizada a confecção da coroa provisória sobre implante e iniciada sessões de condicionamento gengival por meio de acréscimos com resina acrílica, utilizando a técnica de pressão gradual sob a margem gengival. Observou-se uma melhora no tecido periimplantar e um perfil de emergência adequado. O caso possui proservação de 3 anos. Conclusões:a realização de condicionamento gengival previamente a prótese final é uma etapa importante para alcançar umareabilitação com característicasestéticas e funcionais semelhantes à de dentes naturais (AU).

Introduction:Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous spaces in the smile areais a challenge for dental surgeons. To achieve pleasing esthetics in single implant prostheses it is necessary to consider aspects such as the correct positioning of the implant and its harmony with the soft and hard tissues.Objective:to report the esthetic and functional results of a treatment with the aid of a provisional crown associated with gingival conditioning in the final rehabilitation with a single implant-supported crown.Clinical case report:Patient MJFA, 36 years old, female, attended the Prosthodonticsclinic of the Department of Dentistry/UFRN complaining of dental trauma with loss of tooth 15 and the need to "havea more beautiful smile". Afterinstalling an implant with a conical connection and a period of osseointegration, a temporary crown was made on the implant and gingival conditioning sessions were initiatedby means of acrylic resin augmentations, using the gradual pressure technique under the gingival margin. An improvement in the peri-implant tissue and an adequate emergenceprofile were observed. The case has a 3-year follow-up period.Conclusions:performing gingival conditioning prior to the final prosthesis is an important step in achieving rehabilitation with esthetic and functional characteristics similar to those of natural teeth (AU).

Introducción: La rehabilitación protésica implantosoportada de espacios edéntulos en el áreade la sonrisa es un desafío para el cirujano dentista. Para conseguir una buena estética en las prótesis unitarias sobre implanteses necesario tener en cuentaaspectos como el posicionamiento correctodel implante y su armonía con los tejidos blandos y duros.Objetivo: informar losresultadosestéticosy funcionalesde un tratamiento con ayuda de coronas provisionales asociado al acondicionamiento gingival en la rehabilitación final con corona única implantosoportada.Relato de caso clínico: Lapaciente MJFA, 36 años, sexo femenino, se dirigióa la clínica de Prostodonciadel Departamento de Odontología/UFRN quejándose de un traumatismodental con pérdida del diente 15 y de la necesidad de "tener una sonrisa más bonita". Después de la colocación de un implante con conexión cónica y de un período de osteointegración, se realizó una corona provisional sobre el implante y se iniciaron sesiones de acondicionamiento gingival con aumentos de resina acrílica, utilizando la técnica de presión gradual bajo el margen gingival. Se observó una mejora del tejido periimplantario y un perfil de emergencia adecuado. El caso tiene un seguimiento de 3 años. Conclusiones: el acondicionamiento gingival previo a la prótesis definitiva es una etapaimportante para conseguiruna rehabilitación con características estéticas y funcionales similares a las de los dientes naturales (AU).

Conhecimento, prática e opinião de odontolegistas sobre a marcação identificadora de próteses dentárias / Knowledge, practice and opinion of forensic dentists on denture marking

Introdução: A marcação ou identificação de próteses dentárias é feita através da incorporação de etiquetas metálicas, não metálicas ou outras no material da prótese, ou ainda pela marcação da superfície. Apesar de ser recomendada por organizações governamentais e forenses, ela não é amplamente empregada no Brasil. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de conhecimento e descrever a opinião e experiência de odontolegistas brasileiros com a marcação protética. Material e métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário semiaberto a odontolegistas sobre o conhecimento, opinião e prática com a identificação protética. A análise estatística foi feita no software Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Foram obtidas respostas de 43 especialistas das cinco regiões do Brasil. 76% afirmaram conhecer o termo, mas apenas 14% relataram possuir experiência prática e 95% julga ser importante. Dos que já realizaram a prática e a descreveram, todos a utilizaram em situações forenses com cadáveres. Os maiores obstáculos apontados para a implementação foram a falta de conhecimento, a falta de diretrizes oficiais e o custo. Sobre a necessidade de implementar a marcação na prática clínica, 77% responderam que é necessária em todos os casos, mas com relação à obrigatoriedade de implementá-la, 56% declararam que deve ser recomendada, mas não obrigatória e 39%, que deve ser obrigatória. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos odontolegistas sobre a marcação de próteses é considerável e a maioria julga importante, no entanto, poucos tiveram contato com a prática e nenhum a realiza na clínica. Evidencia-se a necessidade da elaboração de diretrizes ou recomendações por entidades odontológicas, ressaltando a importância sócio-legal da prática

Introduction: Denture marking or identification is done through the incorporation of metallic, non-metallic or other labels in the material of the prosthesis, or by marking the surface. Despite being recommended by governmental and forensic organizations, it is not widely used in Brazil. Objective: To analyze the level of knowledge and describe the opinion and experience of Brazilian forensic dentists with denture marking. Material and methods: A semi-open questionnaire about the knowledge, opinion and practice with denture identification was applied to forensic dentists. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: Responses were obtained from 43 experts from the five regions of Brazil. 76% said they knew the term, but only 14% reported having practical experience and 95% thought it was important. Of those who have performed the practice and described it, all of them used it in forensic situations with corpses. The biggest obstacles pointed out to the implementation of the practice were the lack of knowledge, the lack of official guidelines and the cost. Regarding the need to implement marking in clinical practice, 77% answered that it is necessary in all cases, but regarding the obligation to implement it, 56% declared that it should be recommended, but not mandatory and 39%, that it should be mandatory. Conclusion: The knowledge of forensic dentists about denture marking is considerable and most consider it important, however, few had contact with the practice and none performs it in the clinic. The need for the elaboration of guidelines or recommendations by dental entities emphasizing the socio-legal importance of the practice is evident

Técnicas de marcação de próteses dentárias: revisão da literatura / Techniques of denture marking: review of literature

Indivíduos edêntulos representam um desafio na identificação humana, por isso, em 1931, a marcação identificadora de próteses dentárias foi proposta pela primeira vez, e várias técnicas e materiais têm sido testados ao longo dos anos. A marcação ou identificação de próteses é feita através da incorporação de materiais metálicos, não metálicos, microchips ou outros que são introduzidos no material da prótese removível, ou, ainda, pela marcação da superfície. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as técnicas de marcação protética através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura com busca sistemática realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Google Acadêmico e SciELO, além de uma busca manual nas referências dos trabalhos selecionados. É responsabilidade ética e legal do cirurgião-dentista auxiliar em investigações de identificação humana, assim, dado o amplo uso de próteses no Brasil, o valor de uma identificação, a relevância e comprovada eficiência em situações forenses, a marcação de próteses deve ser oferecida como opção a todos os pacientes

Edentulous people are a challenge in human identification, therefore in 1931, denture identification marking was proposed for the first time, and several techniques and materials have been tested over the years. The marking or identification of dentures is done through the incorporation of metallic, non-metallic materials, microchips or others that are introduced into the material of the removable prosthesis, or by marking the surface. The present study aimed to describe the techniques of denture marking in a narrative review of the literature with a systematic search using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar and SciELO, and also a manual search of the references of the selected works. It is the dentists ethical and legal responsibility to assist in investigations of human identification, so, given the wide use of dental prostheses in Brazil, the value of an identification, the relevance and proven efficiency of denture marking in forensic situations, the practice must be offered as an option for all patients

Bone evaluation of single edentulous areas of maxilla: short communication / Avaliação óssea de regiões maxilares candidatas à reabilitação unitária implantossuportada: uma comunicação curta

Objective: Evaluate the height and bone thickness in healed sites of single implant areas. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of single edentulous areas of maxilla of patients who needed aesthetic single implant rehabilitations were evaluated for measure the height and thickness using an implant planning software. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Pearson correlation test, considering the time, reason and region of tooth loss. For all tests, a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 48 patients with single tooth loss were included. The statistical analysis demonstrated that reason for the loss was not related to height or bone thickness. Bone thickness was statis-tical significant higher in the posterior region. For the anterior region, the bone thickness was significantly higher when the tooth was lost within 5 years. Pearson correlation test showed a moderate negative signifi-cant correlation between time of tooth loss and bone thickness in anterior region. Conclusion: Reason for tooth loss had no influence on the bone measurements of the residual ridge. In contrast, bone thickness may vary according to the region of tooth loss. The time of tooth loss and bone thickness in the anterior region were inversely proportional. Registration number at https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5cnyjj.

Objetivo: Avaliar a altura e espessura óssea em sítios unitários cicatrizados. Materiais e Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, imagens de tomografia computa-dorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) de regiões edêntulas unitárias maxilares de pacientes candidatos a reabilitação unitária implantossuportada foram mensuradas em relação à altura e espessura óssea usando um software de planejamento de implante. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do teste Mann-Whitney e de correlação de Pearson, considerando o tempo, o motivo e região da perda dentária. Para todos os testes, um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 48 pacientes com perda dentária unitária. A análise estatística demonstrou que o motivo da perda dentária não influenciou na altura ou na espessura óssea. A espessura óssea foi estatisticamente maior na região posterior. Para a região anterior, a espessura óssea foi significativamente maior quando o dente foi perdido em até 5 anos. O teste de correlação de Pearson demonstrou uma correlação significativa negativa moderada entre o tempo de perda do dente e a espessura óssea na região anterior. Conclusão: O motivo da perda dentária não influenciou nas medidas ósseas do rebordo residual. Em contraste, a espessura do osso pode variar de acordo com a região da perda dentária. O tempo de perda dentária e a espessura óssea da região anterior foram inversamente proporcionais. Número de registro em https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5cnyjj

Influências estrangeiras e concretizações nos intentos de regionalização da rede hospitalar em Portugal (1946-1974) / Foreign influence and achievements in the regionalization of Portugal's hospital network (1946-1974) / Influencias extranjeras y concretizaciones en los intentos de regionalización de la red hospitalaria en Portugal (1946-1974)

O presente artigo aborda os propósitos de regionalização da rede hospitalar portuguesa durante o regime ditatorial do Estado Novo (1933-1974), lançados no após Segunda Guerra Mundial. Almejando um sistema hospitalar coordenado com base regional, o governo português limitou-se a comparticipar a construção e a remodelação de edifícios, relegando as múltiplas tarefas envolvidas no funcionamento hospitalar para instituições particulares, o que dificultou o desenvolvimento e o acesso a cuidados de saúde a uma parte significativa da população. Com base na análise de viagens de estudo realizadas por administradores hospitalares e engenheiros sanitários nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, sobretudo a países europeus como Itália, França e Inglaterra, pondera-se acerca da importância dos contatos com redes internacionais de especialistas e da influência exercida pelos exemplos estrangeiros sobre as medidas de organização da assistência hospitalar em Portugal estabelecidas nos anos seguintes. (AU)

This article analyzes the regionalization of Portugal's hospital network during the "New State" dictatorial regime (1933-1974), launched after the second world war. In an attempt to create a regionally-based hospital system, the Portuguese government limited itself to subsidizing the construction and refurbishment of buildings, relegating the multiple tasks involved in hospital management to private organizations, hampering access to health care for a significant part of the population. Through the analysis of study trips made by hospital administrators and sanitary engineers in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly to European countries such as Italy, France and England, this article reflects on the importance of contacts with international networks of experts and influence of foreign experiences on the approach to the organization of hospital care in Portugal adopted in subsequent years. (AU)

El presente artículo aborda los principios de regionalización de la red hospitalaria portuguesa durante el régimen dictatorial del Estado Novo (1933-1974), lanzados después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El gobierno portugués, que anhelaba un sistema hospitalario coordinado con base regional, se limitó a coparticipar la construcción y remodelación de edificios, relegando a instituciones particulares las múltiples tareas envueltas en el funcionamiento hospitalario, lo que dificultó el desarrollo y el acceso a cuidados de salud para una parte significativa de la población. Por medio del análisis de viajes de estudio realizados por administradores hospitalarios e ingenieros sanitarios durante las décadas de 1940 y 1950, principalmente a países europeos como Italia, Francia e Inglaterra, se pondera sobre la importancia de los contactos con redes internacionales de especialistas y de la influencia ejercida por los ejemplos extranjeros sobre las medidas de organización de la asistencia hospitalaria en Portugal, establecidas en los años siguientes. (AU)

Influência do intermediário protético sobre a estética e a satisfação de pacientes reabilitados com próteses unitárias provisórias sobre implantes: um ensaio clínico / Influence of the prosthetic intermediary on the aesthetics and satisfaction of patients rehabilitated with temporary single prostheses on implants: a clinical trial

Objetivos: Avaliar a influência do tipo de intermediário protético e do condicionamento tecidual sobre a estética de coroas unitárias provisórias sobre implantes instalados na região do sorriso. Material e Métodos: Trinta implantes foram alocados sequencialmente: 15 foram reabilitados provisoriamente sobre um intermediário protético pré-fabricado em titânio (GT) e 15 sobre um intermediário protético preparável provisório (GP). Em ambos os grupos foi realizado condicionamento tecidual (CT) pela técnica não-cirúrgica de pressão gradual e a estética periimplantar foi avaliada antes e após esse processo, por meio do Pink Esthetic Score (PES). O PES também foi aplicado no dente homólogo à reabilitação. A satisfação estética foi analisada pela escala visual analógica (EVA) após o procedimento de CT. Dados clínicos da mucosa gengival também foram coletados. Resultados: 22 pacientes, totalizando 24 implantes, concluíram o estudo, sendo 14 implantes do GT e 10 do GP. A estética periimplantar antes e após o CT, bem como a satisfação dos pacientes foi semelhante entre os grupos, p>0,05. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para os valores de PES antes e após o CT, e para a comparação com o dente homólogo em ambos os grupos, p<0,05. O processo de condicionamento tecidual não foi influenciado pelo tempo de implantação, tempo de carga e fenótipo periimplantar, p>0,05. Conclusão: O intermediário protético não influenciou nem no processo de condicionamento tecidual e nem na satisfação dos pacientes. A etapa de condicionamento tecidual foi capaz de melhorar os resultados estéticos periimplantares, entretanto, a estética gengival dos dentes naturais homólogos apresenta resultados significativamente superior (AU).

Objective: To evaluate the influence of prosthetic abutment and tissue conditioning on the esthetics of single implants' temporary crowns. Materials and Methods: Thirty implants were allocated sequentially: fifteen implants were provisionally rehabilitated with a titanium prefabricated prosthetic abutment (GT) and 15 with a provisional preparable prosthetic abutment (GP). In both groups, tissue conditioning (TC) was performed by the non-surgical gradual pressure technique and peri-implant aesthetics were assessed before and after this process, using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES). PES was also applied on homologous tooth. Aesthetic satisfaction was assessed using the visual analog scale (EVA) after the conditioning process. Clinical data on the gingival mucosa were also collected. Results: 22 patients (24 implants) completed this study, 14 implants from GT and 10 from GP. Peri-implant aesthetics before and after TC, as well as patient satisfaction was similar between groups, p> 0.05. Significant differences were found for PES values before and after TC, and for comparison with the homologous tooth in both groups, p <0.05. The TC process seems not be influenced by the implantation time, loading time and peri-implant biotype, p> 0.05. Conclusion: The prosthetic abutment seems not influence neither the TC process nor patient satisfaction. The TC step is able to improve the peri-implant aesthetic results, however, the gingival aesthetics of the natural teeth is still significantly greater (AU).

Quality Controls in Digital Mammography protocol of the EFOMP Mammo Working group.

This article aims to present the protocol on Quality Controls in Digital Mammography published online in 2015 by the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) which was developed by a Task Force under the Mammo Working Group. The main objective of this protocol was to define a minimum set of easily implemented quality control tests on digital mammography systems that can be used to assure the performance of a system within a set and acceptable range. Detailed step-by-step instructions have been provided, limiting as much as possible any misinterpretations or variations by the person performing. It is intended that these tests be implemented as part of the daily routine of medical physicists and system users throughout Europe in a harmonised way so allowing results to be compared. In this paper the main characteristics of the protocol are illustrated, including examples, together with a brief summary of the contents of each chapter. Finally, instructions for the download of the full protocol and of the related software tools are provided.

PORTUGUESE STUDY OF MEAN GLANDULAR DOSE IN MAMMOGRAPHY AND COMPARISON WITH EUROPEAN REFERENCES.

To characterise the mean glandular dose (MGD) in a sample of healthcare providers for digital mammography in Portugal. To compare the achieved values with European references. The MGD was measured on a poly-methyl-methacrylate phantom (45 mm) for each system using dosimeters. In addition, MGD was estimated using exposure settings collected from mammography exams in clinical context. Data were collected from 25 computed-radiography systems (CR) and 13 integrated digital (DR). For both measurements (phantom and clinical exposures), the average MGD for CR was higher compared to the DR. For CR the mean MGD was 1.85 mGy (CC projection) and 2.10 mGy (MLO projection). For DR systems the corresponding values were 1.54 mGy (CC) and 1.68 mGy (MLO). The average MGD obtained using both methods and for both technologies is within the acceptable reference range proposed by European guidelines (<2.5 mGy). Dose Reference Levels implementation should be the next step to optimise mammography practice in Portugal.

Overview of the radiographers' practice in 65 healthcare centers using digital mammography systems in Portugal.

PURPOSE: To assess current practices in digital mammography (DM) in Portuguese healthcare providers using digital systems. To investigate compliance with European standards regarding mean glandular dose and quality control practice and to identify optimisation needs. METHODS: Two questionnaires, targeted at breast radiographers and chief radiographers, were designed and applied in 65 imaging departments offering DM. Questions fielded were focused on the staff profile and technical/clinical practice. RESULTS: Prior to starting their activity in DM, 70% (82 out of 118) of the respondents received training in DM. The practice in 29 out of 59 providers was established by the manufacturers' recommendations for image acquisition. Variations were observed between radiographers who belong to the same provider namely the selection of exposure parameters such as the target-filter combination and automatic mode. The use of the manual exposure mode was reported for imaging breast implants (44%) and surgical specimens (22%). The main causes of repeat examinations were skin folding (21%) and absence of pectoral muscle (PM) (20%). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed opportunities to optimise radiographers' practice in DM regarding the selection of exposure parameters. A robust and consistent training programme in DM and established local protocols can help to reduce the variations observed and improve clinical practice. MAIN MESSAGES: • Radiographers adopted different practices selecting AEC modes and T/F combinations. • Radiographer practice is more consistent using DR than using CR systems. • The main causes for rejecting images were the visibility of skin folding and PM absence. • Radiographers were partly unaware of the dose indicator. • Radiographers' training needs: QC, interventional procedures and breast dose optimisation.

Frequency of peri-implant diseases and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of peri-implant diseases and factors associated with its occurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-five patients with dental implants were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Dental implants were clinically and radiographically evaluated to diagnose their peri-implant condition, according to Mombelli (Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology, 1999, Quintessence, London). Associations between peri-implant diseases and independent variables (socioeconomic, demographic and periodontal characteristics) were evaluated through bivariate analysis with chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, as well as by multiple logistic regression. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The frequencies of the peri-implant diseases, mucositis and peri-implantitis, in individuals were 54% and 28% (CI, 95%), respectively. The sample was almost exclusively of patients with untreated periodontal disease (93%). Bivariate analysis showed that these peri-implant diseases were associated with male patients (prevalence ratio [PR], 3.38), medication use (PR, 2.94), systemic diseases (PR, 2.25), number of implants (PR, 2.53), visible plaque index (PR, 2.49) and gingival index (PR, 2.70). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that medication use (prevalence ratio adjusted [PRadj], 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.46; P = 0.017), having two or more implants (PRadj, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.46; P = 0.029) and gingival bleeding index > 10% (PRadj, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.44; P = 0.022) were associated with the presence of peri-implant disease. CONCLUSION: Peri-implant diseases were diagnosed in 54% of patients; gingival index of greater than 10%, having more than two implants and use of medication were associated with the frequency of peri-implant disease.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of crown lengthening on adjacent and non-adjacent sites.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of periodontal crown lengthening surgery on clinical parameters at adjacent and non-adjacent sites compared to treated sites. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was carried out on MEDLINE-PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science databases between 1978 and 2015. Methodological quality assessment was based on Cochrane recommendations. Meta-analyses were assessed with RevMan 5.0 and heterogeneity between studies by the Higgin test (I 2). Clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were the primary outcome variables. Four case series studies were included and three in the meta-analysis. All studies showed high risk of bias. RESULTS: The surgery promoted significant changes in treated, adjacent, and non-adjacent sites. There were greater changes in PD (mean difference -0.14, 95 % CI -0.18 to -0.10, p < 0.00001) and CAL (mean difference 0.16, 95 % CI 0.13 to 0.20, p < 0.00001) in treated sites when compared to adjacent and non-adjacent sites for PD (mean difference -0.09, 95 % CI -0.12 to -0.05, p < 0.00001) and CAL (mean difference 0.91, 95 % CI 0.87 to 0.94, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: Crown lengthening surgery results in changes of clinical parameters in treated, adjacent, and non-adjacent sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical and esthetic alterations on the adjacent/non-adjacent teeth can lead to clinical and esthetic alterations, which must be considered in surgical planning.

Effect of the intake of liquids rich in polyphenols on blood pressure and fat liver deposition in rats submitted to high-fat diet.

INTRODUCTION: Seeking better quality of life, the number of studies on functional foods and disease prevention is growing fast. Whole red grape juice (WRGJ) and red wine (RW) stand out, which are rich in polyphenols, showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of WRGJ and RW intake and resveratrol solution (RS) on blood pressure and fat liver deposition of rats fed with high-fat diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During 60 days, 50 Rattus norvegicus Wistar Albino adults were divided into: control group (CG)--balanced diet, hyperlipidic group (HG), red wine group (RWG), grape juice group (JGG) and resveratrol group (RG)--hyperlipidic diet. Feed and water were offered ad libttum to all groups. WRGJ, RW and RS were offered daily to JG, WG and RG, respectively. Blood pressure was measured using tail plestimograph. The animals were anesthetized, sacrificed and the liver was removed, weighed and fat was extracted using Soxhlet extractor. RESULTS: No difference in weight gain, feed intake, liver weight and diastolic blood pressure among groups was observed. However, systolic blood pressure (mmHg) and liver fat concentration (g%) were lower (p<0.05) in JGG than in HG, WG and RG, but similar to CG. CONCLUSIONS: The daily consumption of WRGJ minimizes the effects of high-fat diet on systolic blood pressure and prevents nonalcoholic fatty infiltration in the liver of animals, which was not observed in the consumption of RW or resveratrol solution.

Introducción: en busca de una mejor calidad de vida, crece el número de estudios sobre alimentos funcionales y la prevención de enfermedades. Destacan el jugo de uva roja (JU) y el vino tinto (VT), que son ricos en polifenoles, y tienen efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de JU, VT y solución de resveratrol (SR) sobre la presión arterial y la deposición de grasa hepática en ratas alimentadas con una dieta rica en grasas. Métodos: durante 60 días, 50 adultos de Rattus norvegicus Wistar Albino fueron divididos en grupos: control (GC) - dieta equilibrada y hiperlipídica (GH), vino tinto (GV), jugo de uva (JV) y resveratrol (GR) - dieta rica en grasas. El alimento y el agua se ofrecieron ad libttum a todos los grupos. JU, VT y SR se ofrecen diariamente a la GS, GV y GR, respectivamente. Se midió la presión arterial en la cola mediante manguito inflable. Los animales fueron anestesiados y sacrificados y se les extirpó el hígado, que fue pesado y del cual se extrajo la grasa con el extractor Soxhlet. Resultados: no hubo diferencia en la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, peso del hígado y presión arterial diastólica entre los grupos. Sin embargo, la presión arterial sistólica (mmHg) y la concentración de grasa en el hígado (g%) fueron menores (p.

Patient satisfaction concerning implant-supported prostheses: an observational study

The aim of this observational study was to assess the degree of patient satisfaction toward implant-supported prostheses. A questionnaire was used with two scales (one consisting of detailed adjectival and the other of numerical responses) regarding chewing, esthetics, speaking, comfort and overall satisfaction. The scales were administered to a sample of 147 patients treated with implants and prostheses. The data were submitted to the Kappa statistic and the Chi-square test to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. High degrees of satisfaction (greater than 91%) were found for all categories evaluated, regardless of gender, age, number of implants or type of prosthesis. “Comfort” was associated significantly with the number of implants (p = 0.038), and “speaking” was associated significantly with the type of prosthesis (p = 0.029). Positive agreement was found between the scales for all categories evaluated, without statistically significant differences regarding respondent preference (p = 0.735). Patients treated with implant-supported prostheses were highly satisfied with the treatment.

Quality assurance and quality control in mammography: a review of available guidance worldwide.

OBJECTIVES: Review available guidance for quality assurance (QA) in mammography and discuss its contribution to harmonise practices worldwide. METHODS: Literature search was performed on different sources to identify guidance documents for QA in mammography available worldwide in international bodies, healthcare providers, professional/scientific associations. The guidance documents identified were reviewed and a selection was compared for type of guidance (clinical/technical), technology and proposed QA methodologies focusing on dose and image quality (IQ) performance assessment. RESULTS: Fourteen protocols (targeted at conventional and digital mammography) were reviewed. All included recommendations for testing acquisition, processing and display systems associated with mammographic equipment. All guidance reviewed highlighted the importance of dose assessment and testing the Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) system. Recommended tests for assessment of IQ showed variations in the proposed methodologies. Recommended testing focused on assessment of low-contrast detection, spatial resolution and noise. QC of image display is recommended following the American Association of Physicists in Medicine guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The existing QA guidance for mammography is derived from key documents (American College of Radiology and European Union guidelines) and proposes similar tests despite the variations in detail and methodologies. Studies reported on QA data should provide detail on experimental technique to allow robust data comparison. Countries aiming to implement a mammography/QA program may select/prioritise the tests depending on available technology and resources. MAIN MESSAGES: •An effective QA program should be practical to implement in a clinical setting. •QA should address the various stages of the imaging chain: acquisition, processing and display. •AEC system QC testing is simple to implement and provides information on equipment performance.

Estimation of the collective dose in the Portuguese population due to medical procedures in 2010.

In a wide range of medical fields, technological advancements have led to an increase in the average collective dose in national populations worldwide. Periodic estimations of the average collective population dose due to medical exposure is, therefore of utmost importance, and is now mandatory in countries within the European Union (article 12 of EURATOM directive 97/43). Presented in this work is a report on the estimation of the collective dose in the Portuguese population due to nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures and the Top 20 diagnostic radiology examinations, which represent the 20 exams that contribute the most to the total collective dose in diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures in Europe. This work involved the collaboration of a multidisciplinary taskforce comprising representatives of all major Portuguese stakeholders (universities, research institutions, public and private healthcare providers, administrative services of the National Healthcare System, scientific and professional associations and private service providers). This allowed us to gather a comprehensive amount of data necessary for a robust estimation of the collective effective dose to the Portuguese population. The methodology used for data collection and dose estimation was based on European Commission recommendations, as this work was performed in the framework of the European wide Dose Datamed II project. This is the first study estimating the collective dose for the population in Portugal, considering such a wide national coverage and range of procedures and consisting of important baseline reference data. The taskforce intends to continue developing periodic collective dose estimations in the future. The estimated annual average effective dose for the Portuguese population was of 0.080±0.017 mSv caput(-1) for nuclear medicine exams and of 0.96±0.68 mSv caput(-1) for the Top 20 diagnostic radiology exams.