Photobiomodulation therapy applied during an exercise-training program does not promote additional effects in trained individuals: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown positive results of photobiomodulation (PBM) for improving performance and accelerating post-exercise recovery. However, the effects of PBM in healthy individuals who underwent a neuromuscular adaptation training remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PBM during a training program combining sprints and explosive squats exercises on clinical, functional, and systemic outcomes in trained healthy individuals compared to a placebo intervention and a control. METHODS: We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Healthy males were randomly assigned to three groups: active PBM (30 J per site), placebo, or control (passive recovery). The participants performed a six-week (12 sessions) of a training program consisting of a combination of sprints and squats with recovery applied between sprints and squats. To prevent the influence of the primary neuromuscular adaptation to exercise on the results, all participants had to participate in a period of six weeks of exercise training program. Functional, clinical, and psychological outcomes and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed at baseline and after six weeks. Results are expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Thirty-nine healthy male volunteers (aged 18-30 years; body mass index 23.9 ±â€¯3 kg/m²) were recruited. There was no significant time by group interaction, and no significant effect of group, but there was a significant effect of time for maximal voluntary isometric contraction (primary outcome) (MD=22 Nm/kg; 95%CI: 3.9, 40) and for squat jump (MD=1.6 cm; 95CI%: 0.7, 2.5). There was no significant interaction (time*group), time, or group effect for the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: The addition of PBM to a combined training performed for six weeks in previously trained individuals did not result in additional benefits compared to placebo or no additional intervention.

Association between lifestyle and musculoskeletal pain: cross-sectional study among 10,000 adults from the general working population.

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal pain is a major cause of work disability and sickness absence. While pain is a multifactorial phenomenon being influenced by work as well as lifestyle, less is known about the association between specific lifestyle factors and the type of musculoskeletal pain. The aim of the study was to investigate if a dose-response association existed between lifestyle factors and musculoskeletal pain intensity in the low back and neck-shoulder. METHODS: Currently employed wage earners (N = 10,427) replied in 2010 to questions about work environment, lifestyle and health. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for various confounders tested the association of alcohol intake, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and smoking (explanatory variables) with low back pain and neck-shoulder pain intensity (outcomes variables, scale 0-9, where ≥4 is high pain). RESULTS: The minimally adjusted model found that physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake were associated with lower risk of musculoskeletal pain, while smoking was associated with higher risk of musculoskeletal pain. In the fully adjusted model, physical activity ≥5 h per week was associated with lower risk of low back pain and neck-shoulder pain with risk ratios (RR) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-0.99), respectively. No association was found between alcohol intake and pain. CONCLUSION: Being physically active associated with lower risk of having musculoskeletal pain, while smoking habits and healthy eating were associated with higher pain when adjusting for age and gender. Considering the continuously increasing retirement age in many societies, initiatives to promote healthy habits should still be a political priority to help the workers to stay healthy and cope to their work.

Specific interventions for prevention of muscle injury in lower limbs: systematic review and meta-analysis / Intervenções específicas para prevenção de lesão muscular em membros inferiores: revisão sistemática e meta-análise / Intervenciones específicas para la prevención de lesiones musculares en miembros inferiores: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Abstract Introduction: Muscle injuries show an incidence associated with extreme stretching, or even a high-intensity eccentric contraction. Such injuries cause severe damage to athletes, including lower performance, withdrawal, and psychological distress. In this scenario, the study of effective preventive methods is an indispensable factor in the routine of professional athletes, to reduce the incidence of injuries. Objective: To verify the effectiveness of three different interventions (warm-up, neuromuscular training, and eccentric exercise) to prevent muscle injuries in the lower limbs. Method: We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed databases from the earliest records until January 20, 2018. The search was performed from word combinations such as clinical trial, muscle strain, injury prevention. The data related to the outcome of prevention were grouped in meta-analysis and described in Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval. Results: Sixteen studies were included: five assessed eccentric exercise, three investigated neuromuscular training, and eight observed warm-up. The eccentric exercise (RR = 3.49, 95% CI 2.36, 5.16, p < 0.00001) and the neuromuscular training (RR = 2.73, 95% CI 2.03, 2.68, p < 0.00001) showed significant effects on the prevention of muscle injuries in lower limbs. On the other hand, warm-up (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.92, 2.7, p = 0.10) was irrelevant in reducing the incidence of injuries in the body segment investigated. Conclusion: The outcomes presented provide clinical relevance inherent in the field practices, with intrinsic potential for practical application in the management of specific preventive techniques.

Resumo Introdução: Lesões musculares apresentam incidência associada à alongamento extremo, ou ainda, a uma contração excêntrica de alta intensidade. Tais lesões, acarretam prejuízos graves aos atletas que incluem queda de rendimento, afastamento e transtornos psicológicos. Neste cenário, o estudo de métodos preventivos eficazes, constituem fator indispensável na rotina de atletas profissionais, a fim de, reduzir a incidência de lesões. Objetivo: Verificar a eficácia de três diferentes intervenções (aquecimento, treinamento neuromuscular e exercício excêntrico) para prevenção de lesões musculares em membros inferiores. Método: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Sports Discus, PEDro e PubMed desde os registros mais antigos até 20 de janeiro de 2018. A busca foi realizada a partir de combinações de palavras, como, clinical trial, muscle strain, injury prevention. Os dados relacionados ao desfecho prevenção foram agrupados em meta-análise e descritos em Risk Ratio (RR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 16 estudos. Destes, cinco avaliaram o exercício excêntrico, três investigaram o treino neuromuscular e oito observaram o aquecimento. O exercício excêntrico (RR = 3.49; 95% CI 2.36, 5.16; p < 0.00001) e o treino neuromuscular (RR = 2.73; 95% CI 2.03, 2.68; p < 0.00001) demonstram efeitos significativos na prevenção de lesões musculares em membros inferiores. Por outro lado, o aquecimento (RR = 1.57; 95% CI 0.92, 2.7; p = 0.10) mostrou-se irrelevante na diminuição da incidência de lesões no segmento corporal investigado. Conclusão: Os desfechos apresentados fornecem relevância clínica inerente as práticas de campo, com potencial intrínseco para aplicação prática no manejo de técnicas preventivas específicas.

Resumen Introducción: Lesiones musculares presentan incidencia asociada al estiramiento extremo, o, a una contracción excéntrica de alta intensidad. Tales lesiones, acarrean graves daños a los atletas que incluyen caída de rendimiento, alejamiento y trastornos psicológicos. En este escenario, el estudio de métodos preventivos eficaces, constituyen un factor indispensable en la rutina de atletas profesionales, a fin de reducir la incidencia de lesiones. Objetivo: Verificar la eficacia de tres diferentes intervenciones (calentamiento, entrenamiento neuromuscular y ejercicio excéntrico) para prevención de lesiones musculares en miembros inferiores. Método: Se ha investigado la base de datos Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Sports Discus, PEDRO y PubMed desde los registros más antiguos hasta el 20 de enero de 2018. La búsqueda se realizó a partir de combinaciones de palabras, como, trial trial, prevención de la prevención. Los datos relacionados con el desenlace de prevención se agruparon en metaanálisis y se describieron em Risk Ratio (RR) con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 estudios. De ellos, cinco evaluaron el ejercicio excéntrico, tres investigaron el entrenamiento neuromuscular y ocho observaron el calentamiento. El ejercicio excéntrico (RR = 3.49, 95% CI 2.36, 5.16, p < 0.00001) y el entrenamiento neuromuscular (RR = 2.73, 95% CI 2.03, 2.68, p < 0.00001) demuestran efectos significativos en la prevención de lesiones musculares en miembros inferiores. Por otro lado, el calentamiento (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.92, 2.7, p = 0.10) se mostró irrelevante en la disminución de la incidencia de lesiones en el segmento corporal investigado. Conclusión: Los resultados presentados proporcionan relevancia clínica inherente a las prácticas de campo, con potencial intrínseco para aplicación práctica en el manejo de técnicas preventivas específicas.

Lesões musculares em atletas do sexo masculino atendidos no Centro de Estudos e Atendimento em Fisioterapia de Presidente Prudente - SP / Muscle injuries in male athletes at the Center of Studies and Physiotherapy Services of Presidente Prudente - SP / Lesiones musculares en atletas de sexo masculino atendidos en el Centro de Estudios y Atención en Fisioterapia de Presidente Prudente - SP

Resumo Objetivou-se caracterizar e determinar a frequência de lesões musculares (LM) de atletas atendidos em uma clínica universitária de fisioterapia. Foram feitas análises de prontuários e caracterizaram-se dados antropométricos, locais anatômicos, tratamentos usados, dentre outros. Foram identificados 47 casos de LM, distribuídas em grau I (n = 13) e grau II (n = 34). O segmento coxa foi o local anatômico mais acometido com 63,1% (p < 0,05) e 85,7% (p < 0,01) para modalidades coletivas e individuais, respectivamente. Aproximadamente 75% dos casos apresentaram alta por retorno ao esporte, onde observa-se terapias convencional (95,7%) e manual (70,2) os tratamentos mais frequentes. Conclui-se que LM acometem predominantemente o segmento coxa posterior, independentemente da modalidade esportiva e os tratamentos usados demonstraram-se efetivos no retorno ao esporte.

Abstract This study aimed to characterize and determine the frequency of muscle injuries (MI) in athletes assisted in a university service center in physical therapy. Analysis of medical records were made, characterizing anthropometric data, anatomic spots, treatments, among others. Forty-seven cases were identified, distributed in grade I (n=13) and grade II (n=34). The thigh segment was the anatomic spot with the higher prevalence, with 63.1% (p<0.05) and 85.7% (p<0.01) for collective and individual sports, respectively. The rate of return to sports was about 75%, in which conventional therapies (95,7%) and manual (70.2%) were the most common treatments. Thus, we conclude that MI predominantly affects the anatomical thigh segment, regardless of the sport, and that physiotherapy interventions used were effective to return to sports.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue definir y determinar la frecuencia de las lesiones musculares (LM) de atletas atendidos en una clínica universitaria de fisioterapia. Se realizó un análisis de los registros, definición de datos antropométricos, espacios anatómicos y tratamientos utilizados, entre otros. Se identificaron 47 casos de LM, distribuidas en grado I (n = 13) y grado II (n = 34). El segmento del muslo fue el espacio anatómico más afectado con el 63,1% (p <0,05) y el 85,7% (p <0,01) en el caso de deportes colectivos e individuales, respectivamente. Hubo un 74,46% de altas para la vuelta a la práctica deportiva y se encontró que los tratamientos más frecuentes fueron las terapias convencionales (95,7%) y manuales (70,2%). Se concluye que las lesiones musculares afectan predominantemente al muslo, independientemente del tipo de deporte, y que los tratamientos utilizados fueron efectivos para la vuelta a la práctica deportiva.

Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diodes (LEDT) applied during combined training on performance and post-exercise recovery: protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown positive results of phototherapy for improving performance and accelerating recovery; however, the effects of phototherapy during training and after a primary adaptation remain unclear. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to analyze the effects of phototherapy and combined training on clinical, functional, and psychological outcomes and on vascular endothelial growth factor. METHODS: This randomized placebo-controlled trial by stratified sample will involve 45 healthy male participants. In phase 1, the participants will undergo six weeks of combined training (sprints and squats). In phase 2, participants will be allocated through stratified randomization (based on adaptation capacity) into three groups: active phototherapy group (AG), placebo group (PG), and non-treatment control group (CG). A new six-week training program will then start and the participants will receive the recovery strategy between sprints and squats. The primary outcome will be maximal isometric contraction. The secondary outcomes include strength and power testing, maximal incremental test, squat jump, sprint test, muscle soreness, pain threshold, perceptions of exertion and recovery, psychological questionnaire, and vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS: This will be the first trial to include phototherapy during training. We believe that this strategy will combine the ergogenic and prophylactic effects in the same session. Furthermore, an application protocol performed after primary adaptation may reflect the real effect of the technique.

Somatic maturation and the relationship between bone mineral variables and types of sports among adolescents: cross-sectional study / Maturação somática e o relacionamento entre variáveis minerais ósseas e modalidades esportivas em adolescentes: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Peak height velocity (PHV) is an important maturational event during adolescence that affects skeleton size. The objective here was to compare bone variables in adolescents who practiced different types of sports, and to identify whether differences in bone variables attributed to sports practice were dependent on somatic maturation status. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, São Paulo State University (UNESP). METHODS: The study was composed of 93 adolescents (12 to 16.5 years old), divided into three groups: no-sport group (n = 42), soccer/basketball group (n = 26) and swimming group (n = 25). Bone mineral density and content were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and somatic maturation was estimated through using peak height velocity. Data on training load were provided by the coaches. RESULTS: Adolescents whose PHV occurred at an older age presented higher bone mineral density in their upper limbs (P = 0.018). After adjustments for confounders, such as somatic maturation, the swimmers presented lower values for bone mineral density in their lower limbs, spine and whole body. Only the bone mineral density in the upper limbs was similar between the groups. There was a negative relationship between whole-body bone mineral content and the weekly training hours (β: -1563.967; 95% confidence interval, CI: -2916.484 to -211.450). CONCLUSION: The differences in bone variables attributed to sport practice occurred independently of maturation, while high training load in situations of hypogravity seemed to be related to lower bone mass in swimmers.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O pico de velocidade de crescimento (PVC) constitui importante evento maturacional durante a adolescência, afetando o tamanho do esqueleto. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar variáveis ósseas em adolescentes praticantes de diferentes modalidades esportivas, bem como identificar se diferenças nas variáveis ósseas atribuídas à prática esportiva são dependentes do estado da maturação somática. DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). MÉTODOS: O estudo foi constituído por 93 adolescentes (12 a 16,5 anos), divididos em três grupos: grupo sem envolvimento esportivo (n = 42), futebol/basquete (n = 26) e natação (n = 25). A densidade e conteúdo mineral ósseo foram mensurados utilizando absortiometria de raio-x de dupla energia e a maturação somática foi estimada através do uso do PVC. Informações sobre volume de treinamento foram fornecidas pelos treinadores. RESULTADOS: Adolescentes com idade tardia no PVC apresentaram maiores valores de densidade mineral óssea em membros superiores (P = 0,018). Após ajustes por variáveis de confusão, como a maturação somática, os nadadores apresentaram menores valores de densidade mineral óssea em membros inferiores, coluna e corpo inteiro. Apenas a densidade mineral óssea de membros superiores foi similar entre os grupos. Existiu relação negativa entre conteúdo mineral ósseo de corpo inteiro e tempo de treino semanal (β: -1563.967; 95% intervalo de confiança, IC: -2916.484 a -211.450). CONCLUSÃO: As diferenças em variáveis ósseas atribuídas à prática esportiva ocorrem independentemente da maturação, enquanto elevada quantidade de treinamento em situações de hipogravidade parece estar relacionada com menor massa óssea em nadadores.

Effects of functional resistance training on muscle strength and musculoskeletal discomfort / Efeitos do treinamento resistido funcional na força muscular e desconforto musculoesquelético

Abstract Introduction: Functional resistance training (FRT) is becoming increasingly popular to improve physical fitness of practitioners, however, yet there are gaps in knowledge about effectiveness of FRT in relation conventional resistance training (CRT) in several ambits, as musculoskeletal complaints. Objective: Compare the effect of FRT and CRT in the musculoskeletal discomfort and magnitude of gain in muscle strength in healthy women. Methods: 52 women was divided into three groups, FRT (n = 15; 22 ± 2.35 years): functional resistance training; CRT (n = 14; 22.5 ± 1.78 years): conventional resistance training and CG (n = 13; 20.6 ± 1.10 years): no type of intervention. The training was periodized in 30 sessions over 12 weeks with 3 sessions per week. For the muscle strength variable used the 1RM test and for the musculoskeletal discomfort variable, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Regarding the statistical analysis, all results took into consideration a 5% level of significance. Results: Considerable gain in muscle strength was observed for all exercises in both training groups. In addition, there was a tendency in CRT to relate a more musculoskeletal discomfort; presented 27.3% more complaints compared FRT in the MNQ. Conclusion: The FRT was as effective as the CRT for improving muscle strength, furthermore, there was a tendency for FRT to cause less musculoskeletal discomfort.

Resumo Introdução: O treinamento resistido funcional (TRF) está se tornando cada vez mais popular para melhorar a aptidão física dos praticantes, entretanto, ainda não está totalmente esclarecido sobre a eficácia do TRF em relação ao treinamento resistido convencional (TRC) em diversos âmbitos, como queixas de desconforto osteomuscular. Objetivo: Comparar o TRF e TRC nas queixas de desconforto osteomuscular e na magnitude de ganho de força muscular em mulheres saudáveis. Métodos: O estudo foi composto por 52 mulheres divididas em três grupos: TRF (n = 15; 22 ± 2.35 anos): treinamento resistido funcional, TRC (n = 14; 22.5 ± 1.78 anos): treinamento resistido convencional e GC (n = 13; 20.6 ± 1.10 anos): nenhum tipo de intervenção. O treinamento foi periodizado em 30 sessões durante 12 semanas com três sessões semanais. Para a variável força muscular utilizou-se o teste de 1RM e para as queixas osteomusculares, o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO). Em relação a análise estatística, todos os resultados levaram em consideração o nível de 5% de significância. Resultados: Notou-se ganho considerável de força muscular para todos os exercícios em ambos os grupos de treinamento. Além disso, observou-se uma tendência no TRC a relatar um maior número de queixas osteomusculares, apresentando 27,3% mais queixas comparadas ao TRF no QNSO. Conclusão: O TRF foi tão eficaz quanto o TRC para melhorar a força muscular, e, ainda, houve uma tendência de que o TRF provoque menores quantidades de desconfortos osteomusculares.

Analysis of recall bias of information on soccer injuries in adolescents

Abstract Aims: to analyze the recall bias of injury characteristics, anthropometric variables, and training variables in a morbidity survey in adolescent soccer players for a period of four months. Method: cohort study with 198 adolescent male soccer players, divided into two parts: a prospective study over four months, followed by a retrospective study. A morbidity survey containing personal and training data, in addition to information on injuries and their characteristics (anatomical site, mechanism, nature, moment, severity, return to activities and recurrence) was administered weekly for four months, after which the questionnaire was applied again questioning the same information retrospectively for the four-month prospective study period. The data were collected through interviews addressing the occurrence of injuries and respective characteristics. Results: there were weak correlations and concordances for the recall of the occurrence of injury and all related variables. However, regarding the information relating to personal and training data, moderate correlations were observed for the variables height, time of training, weekly hours, absences, and position, as well as excellent correlations for body mass. Conclusions: we observed recall bias in all information about the characteristics of the injuries reported by adolescent soccer players.

Effects of water ingestion throughout exercise and recovery on cardiac autonomic modulation during and after exercise

Purpose: To analyze the effects of water intake on heart rate variability (HRV) during and after exercise. Methods: Thirty-one young males performed three different procedures: I) a maximal exercise test to determine the load for the protocols; II) the control protocol (CP); III) the experimental protocol (EP). The protocols comprised 10 minutes at rest, 90 minutes of treadmill exercise (60% of VO2 peak), and 60 minutes of recovery. No rehydration beverage consumption was allowed during the CP. During the EP, the participants were given water every 15 minutes, being that the amount of water to be ingested by each volunteer was divided over the time of exercise and recovery. For the analysis of HRV data, time and frequency domain indices were investigated in the following moments (M): M1 (5 minutes final of rest), M2 (25-30 minutes of exercise), M3 (55-60 minutes of exercise), M4 (85-90 minutes of exercise), M5 (5-10 minutes of recovery), M6 (15-20 minutes of recovery), M7 (25-30 minutes of recovery), M8 (40-45 minutes of recovery), and M9 (55-60 minutes of recovery). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups that were examined during the exercise. HRV values for the CP and EP at the end of the exercise period were as follows SDNN (5.95±1.89 vs 6.89±2.11); RMSSD (3.29±0.78 vs 3.39±0.95); HF [nu] (24.06±14.26 vs 19.10±11.94); LF [nu] (75.93±14.26 vs 80.89±11.94); HF [ms2] (0.90±1.16 vs 0.94±0.89); LF [ms2] (4.65±5.94 vs 5.35±5.09); and LF/HF ratio (4.64±3.15 vs 6.95±5.57). HRV values for the CP and the EP at the end of the recovery period were as follows: SDNN (39.63±19.63 vs 49.95±17.79); RMSSD (21.63±15.55 vs 36.43±22.73); HF [ms2] (285.51±392.27 vs 699.29±699.66); LF [nu] (74.55±13.25 vs 61.19±19.27); and HF [nu] (25.44±13.25 vs 38.8±19.27). Conclusion: The hydration with water was not enough to significantly influence the linear HRV indices during exercise; however, it promoted faster recovery of these variables after exercise

Efeitos de um programa multidisciplinar sobre a modulação autonômica de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade / Effects of a multidisciplinary program on autonomic modulation in overweight or obese children and adolescents

PURPOSE: this study evaluated the effects of a multidisciplinary program on autonomic modulation in overweight or obese children and adolescents. METHODS: fifteen individuals with 10,93 ± 2,28 years were submitted to autonomic evaluation using heart rate variability before and after a program based on physical exercises for three months, three times a week, 60 minutes per session and psychological and nutritional counseling. Data was analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: multidisciplinary program was able to promote benefits in autonomic modulation observed thought temporal (SDNN: 39,96 ± 10,33 x 49,44 ± 12,31; p = 0,019; rMSSD: 28,97 ± 11,50 x 37,26 ± 11,17; p = 0,018), spectral (LFnu: 64,49 ± 12,21 x 56,74 ± 11,18; p = 0,014; HFnu: 35,50 ± 12,21 x 43,25 ± 11,18; p = 0,014) and geometrical (SD1: 20,51 ± 8,13 x 26,36 ± 7,90; p = 0,018 SD2: 52,31 ± 13,04 x 64,58 ± 16,33; p = 0,031) indices in overweigh and obese children and adolescents. Also, after the intervention there was a reduction on resting heart rate (88,53 ± 9,24 x 83,09 ± 7,93; p = 0,023) and there were changes in the classification of overweigh 26,67% x 46,66% and obesity 73,33% x 53,33%, although not significant changes in body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: exercise program together with nutritional and psychological counseling is able to promote benefits in autonomic modulation in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência de um programa multidisciplinar na modulação autonômica de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. MÉTODO: quinze indivíduos com 10,93 ± 2,28 anos foram submetidos a avaliação da modulação autonômica por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca antes e após um programa de atividades físicas conduzido por três meses, com frequência de três vezes na semana por 60 minutos cada sessão, associado com aconselhamento nutricional e psicológico. Para análise estatística foi utilizado teste T para dados pareados ou teste de Wilcoxon com significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: o programa multidisciplinar foi capaz de influenciar positivamente a modulação autonômica o que pode ser observado por índices temporais (SDNN = 39,96 ± 10,33 vs. 49,44 ± 12,31; p = 0,019; rMSSD = 28,97 ± 11,50 vs. 37,26 ± 11,17; p = 0,018), espectrais (LFnu = 64,49 ± 12,21 vs. 56,74 ± 11,18; p = 0,014; HFnu = 35,50 ± 12,21 vs. 43,25 ± 11,18; p = 0,014) e geométricos (SD1 = 20,51 ± 8,13 vs. 26,36 ± 7,90; p = 0,018; SD2 = 52,31 ± 13,04 vs. 64,58 ± 16,33; p = 0,031) de variabilidade em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Adicionalmente, após a intervenção houve redução da frequência cardíaca de repouso (88,53 ± 9,24 vs. 83,09 ± 7,93; p = 0,023) e mudanças na classificação da obesidade dos indivíduos para sobrepeso 26,67% vs. 46,66% e obesidade 73,33% vs. 53,33%. Apesar disso, não houve diferença significante no índice de massa corporal. CONCLUSÕES: um programa de exercícios associado com aconselhamento nutricional e psicológico foi capaz de promover benefícios na modulação autonômica em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Resposta aguda de variáveis clínicas e funcionais em exercício máximo de contração concêntrica versus excêntrica / Acute response of clinical and functional variables in maximal exercise from contraction concentric versus eccentric / Respuesta aguda de las variables clínicas y funcionales de la contracción concéntrica máxima de ejercicio en comparación con excéntrica

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar as respostas agudas de variáveis clínicas e funcionais, após uma sessão de exercício de força máxima de contração concêntrica versus excêntrica. Foram avaliados 46 indivíduos do sexo masculino, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, conforme o tipo de exercício. Na comparação entre os grupos não houve diferenças significativas. Porém, na análise de cada grupo observou-se aumento da sensação de dor (EVA) e da percepção de esforço (escala de Borg) e incrementos nas medidas da circunferência da coxa (grupo excêntrico: 10% [p<0,001], 20% [p<0,001] e 30% [p<0,05]; grupo concêntrico: 40% [p<0,01]). Para o algômetro, apenas o grupo concêntrico apresentou menor limiar (p<0,01). Pode-se inferir que estímulos controlados até 100% não são agressivos e limitantes e futuros estudos podem incluir análises de marcadores de lesão.

The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the acute responses of clinical and functional variables after a maximum force exercise of eccentric versus concentric contraction. We evaluated 46 male subjects were randomly divided into two groups according to the type of exercise. Comparing the groups no significant differences, but the analysis of each group, there was an increased sensation of pain (VAS), perceived exertion (Borg scale) and increases in measures of thigh circumference (eccentric group: 10% (p<0.001) 20% (p<0.001) 30% (p<0.05) and concentric to the group: measured with 40% p<0.01) for the algometer, only concentric group showed lower threshold (p<0.01). It can be inferred that stimuli controlled up to 100% are not aggressive and limiting, and future studies may include analysis of injury markers.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar y comparar las respuestas agudas de las variables clínica y funcional después de un ejercicio de fuerza máxima de contracción excéntrica frente concéntrica. Se evaluaron 46 sujetos masculinos, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, de acuerdo con el tipo de ejercicio. La comparación de los grupos no hubo diferencias significativas, pero el análisis de cada grupo, se produjo un aumento de la sensación de dolor (VAS), el esfuerzo percibido (escala de Borg) y el aumento de las medidas de la circunferencia del muslo (grupo excéntrico: 10% (p<0,001) 20% (p<0,001) 30% (p<0,05) y concéntrico con el grupo: medido con 40% p<0,01) para algómetro, sólo el grupo concéntrico tuvo umbral inferior (p<0,01). Se puede inferir que los estímulos controlados hasta el 100% no son agresivos y limitante, y los estudios futuros pueden incluir análisis de marcadores de lesión.

The effects of elastic tubing-based resistance training compared with conventional resistance training in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of elastic tubing training compared with conventional resistance training on the improvement of functional exercise capacity, muscle strength, fat-free mass, and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, eight-week clinical trial. SETTING: The study was conducted in a university-based, outpatient, physical therapy clinic. SUBJECTS: A total of 49 patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly assigned to perform elastic tubing training or conventional resistance training three times per week for eight weeks. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was functional exercise capacity. The secondary outcome measures were peripheral muscle strength, health-related quality of life assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ), fat-free mass, and cytokine profile. RESULTS: After eight weeks, the mean distance covered during six minutes increased by 73 meters (±69) in the elastic tubing group and by 42 meters (±59) in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and quality of life improved in both groups (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups. There was a trend toward an improved fat-free mass in both groups (P = 0.05). After the first and last sessions, there was an increase in interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in both groups, while tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was stimulated only in the conventional training group. CONCLUSION: Elastic tubing training had a greater effect on functional exercise capacity than conventional resistance training. Both interventions were equally effective in improving muscle strength and quality of life.

Sports injuries and their risk factors in adolescents who practice swimming

INTRODUCTION: swimming is a popular sport among adolescents; however, your practice can lead to injuries. OBJECTIVES: to characterize the sport injuries and associate them with risk factors in teenage swimmers from different levels of competitiveness. METHODS: 251 swimmers were interviewed, it an average age of 12.43±2.10, both sexes, recruited randomly and they were classified into three competitive levels: initiation, development, and training category. It was used the morbidity survey adapted to the characteristics of swimming as collection instrument containing personal and training of volunteers data, as age, anthropometric variables and training variables and information relating to injuries sustained during a period of 12 months. All findings were described at the 5% significance level. RESULTS: It was verified that there is an association between the presence and absence of injury with the variable height and variable time. The causal mechanism most common was the non-contact mechanism for the categories of initiation and training. The most affected anatomical site was the lower limb and upper limb for all competitive levels. The mild severity, the training time and the absence of recurrence predominated. The asymptomatic return was more frequent for initiation, whereas the symptomatic return prevailed in the training category. CONCLUSION: the injury rate in teenage swimmers was low. The variables height and training time were associated with the occurrence of injuries. The characteristics of the injuries depended on the competitive level of the swimmers...

INTRODUÇÃO: a natação é uma modalidade popular entre os adolescentes, no entanto, sua prática pode conduzir às lesões. OBJETIVOS: caracterizar as lesões desportivas e associá-las com fatores de risco em adolescentes praticantes de natação de diferentes níveis de competitividade. MÉTODO: foram entrevistados 251 nadadores, com média de idade de 12,43±2,10 anos, ambos os sexos, recrutados ao acaso, classificadas em três níveis competitivos: categoria de iniciação, aperfeiçoamento e treinamento. Foi utilizado o inquérito de morbidade referida adaptado com as características da natação como instrumento de coleta que continha informações pessoais e de treinamento dos voluntários, como: idade, variáveis antropométricas e variáveis de treinamento e informações referentes às lesões ocorridas durante 12 meses. Todas as conclusões foram descritas no nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas 0,11 lesões por atleta e 1,03 lesões por atleta lesionado. Foi constatada associação entre presença e ausência de lesão com a variável estatura e tempo de treinamento. O mecanismo causal mais frequente foi o sem contato para as categorias de iniciação e treinamento. Os locais anatômicos mais acometidos foram os MMII e MMSS para todos os níveis de competitividade, assim como a gravidade leve, o treinamento e a ausência de recidiva predominaram. O retorno assintomático foi mais frequente para a iniciação, enquanto que o retorno sintomático prevaleceu na categoria de treinamento. CONCLUSÃO: a taxa de lesão nos adolescentes nadadores foi baixa. As variáveis estatura e tempo de treinamento foram associadas à ocorrência dos agravos. As características das lesões dependeram do nível de competitividade dos nadadores...

Strength gain through eccentric isotonic training without changes in clinical signs or blood markers.

BACKGROUND: Localized exercises are widely used in rehabilitation processes. The predominant options are exercises with an emphasis on either concentric or eccentric contractions. Eccentric exercises promote greater strength gains compared to classical concentric stimuli, but can cause muscle damage. The aim of present study was to compare strength training composed of 10 sessions with progressive loads between groups with a predominance of concentric versus eccentric contraction through an analysis of isotonic strength, pressure pain threshold, creatine kinase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cortisol. METHODS: One hundred twenty male subjects were divided into four groups: C1 and E1--single session of maximum strength with emphasis on concentric and eccentric contraction, respectively; C10 and E10--10 sessions with progressive loads from 80% to maximum strength with emphasis on concentric and eccentric contraction, respectively. RESULTS: Isotonic strength increased by 10% in E10 following the ten training sessions. C1 and E1 exhibited a lower pressure pain threshold 48 hours after the sessions in comparison to C10 and E10, respectively. Creatine kinase was increased in C1 in comparison to baseline, with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison to E1 at 48 and 96 hours as well as C10 at 48, 72 and 96 hours. No significant differences were found in TNF-α or cortisol among the groups or evaluation times. CONCLUSION: Eccentric contraction training promotes functional adaptation. Moreover, both concentric and eccentric contraction training have a protective effect on the muscle in relation to a single session of maximum strength exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-75scwh.

Associação entre atividade física e fatores de risco cardiovasculares em indivíduos de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca / Association between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals undergoing cardiac rehabilitation program

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática de atividade física (AF) apresenta relação inversa com fatores de risco (FR) de doenças cardiovasculares, com efeitos positivos na qualidade de vida e em outras variáveis físicas e psicológicas. Contudo, não estão estabelecidos os benefícios das atividades cotidianas. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência e a associação entre dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e diversas categorias de atividade física de pacientes de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Avaliou-se 69 participantes e foram verificados peso, altura e pressão arterial. Logo após, os pacientes responderam aos questionários autorreferidos para avaliar o nível de atividade física, nível de estresse e verificar a presença dos FR. Utilizou-se regressão logística para estimar a razão de chance. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se alta prevalência de FR nos indivíduos, sendo idade e hipertensão arterial mais prevalentes, enquanto tabagismo e estresse apresentaram menor prevalência. A maioria foi classificada como sedentária, exceto para AF de locomoção (AFL). CONCLUSÃO: Há alta prevalência de FR em pacientes que frequentam programas de reabilitação cardíaca e os sedentários possuem maior chance de apresentarem os FR hipertensão arterial, obesidade, tabagismo, álcool e estresse que os ativos, dependendo da categoria de AF.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) practice presents an inverse relation with risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular disease, with positive effects in quality of life and other physical and psychological variables. However, the benefits of daily activities have not been established. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and association of cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity in different categories of patients under a cardiac rehabilitation program. METHODS: 69 participants of a cardiac rehabilitation program were evaluted and weigth, heigth and blood pressure were checked. Afterwards, the patients answered questionnaires to assess self-reported physical activity level, stress level and verify the presence of RF. Logistic regression ws used to estimate odds ratio. RESULTS: High prevalence of RF was found in the subjects, age and hypertension were more prevalent while smoking and stress had lower prevalence. Most individuals were classified as sedentary, except for locomotion PA (LPA). CONCLUSION: That there is high prevalence of RF in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation programs, while sedentary ones are more likely to have the RF hypertension, obesity, smoking, alcohol and stress than the active ones, depending on the PA category.

Influence of risk behavior aggregation in different categories of physical activity on the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to verify the association of risk behavior aggregation in different categories of physical activity (PA) with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) employees at a public university. METHOD: We analyzed data of 376 employees, which were visited in their workplace for measurement of weight, height and questionnaires to identify the risk behaviors and risk factors. Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between the dependent and independent variables and binary logistic regression was used to construct a multivariate model for the observed associations. RESULTS: Associations were found between the aggregation of following risk behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity, considered in different categories of PA, and the increase in RF, except for the presence of hypertriglyceridemia. Individuals with two or more risk behaviors in occupational PA category are more likely to be hypertensive (3.04 times) and diabetes (3.44 times). For the free time PA category, these individuals were 3.18 times more likely to have hypercholesterolemia and for locomotion PA, more likely to be hypertensive (2.42 times) and obese (2.51 times). CONCLUSION: There are association between the aggregation of two or more risk behaviors and the presence of cardiovascular RF.

Características das lesões desportivas e fatores associados com lesão em iniciantes de ginástica artística do sexo feminino / Characteristics of sports injuries and factors associated with injury in beginners of female artistic gymnastics / Características de las lesiones deportivas y factores asociados con lesión en iniciantes de gimnasia artística del sexo feminino

A ginástica artística é uma modalidade que combina arte a gestos biomecânicos e tem se destacado entre crianças e adolescentes. Sua prática pode conduzir a lesões desportivas, por isso é importante conhecer os fatores inerentes ao traumatismo para formulação de modelos preventivos. Desse modo, objetivou-se caracterizar as lesões desportivas e verificar os fatores associados com lesão em praticantes de ginástica artística de diferentes níveis de competitividade. Foram entrevistadas 46 ginastas, com média de idade de 10,1±2,0 anos do sexo feminino, classificadas em dois níveis competitivos: iniciação e treinamento. Utilizou-se o inquérito de morbidade referida adaptado com as características da modalidade para reunir dados pessoais, de treinamento e da lesão. Foram observadas 0,3 lesões por atleta e 1,4 lesões por atleta lesionado, em que ginastas da categoria de treinamento apresentaram maior frequência de lesão (83,3%; n=10) do que as de iniciação (10,5%; n=4). Para ambos os níveis, o momento treinamento e a gravidade leve foram os mais relatados. No mecanismo, o sem contato foi mais prevalente na categoria de treinamento (90%; n=9) e o contato direto foi o mais frequente na iniciação (75%; n=3). As variáveis antropométricas e de treinamento foram consideradas fatores associados com lesão para as ginastas. Conclui-se que ginastas da categoria de treinamento possuem maior frequência de lesão. As variáveis antropométricas e de treinamento foram fatores associados com lesão. As características das lesões dependem do nível de competitividade das ginastas...

The artistic gymnastics is a modality that associates arts with biomechanical gestures, and it has been prominent among children and adolescents. Its practice can lead to sports injuries; therefore, it is important to know the factors inherent to trauma for the formulation of preventive models. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize sports injuries and to verify factors associated with injury in people practicing artistic gymnastics with different levels of competitiveness. Forty-six gymnasts were interviewed with mean age of 10.1±2.0 years for female participants, who were classified in two competitive levels, i.e, initiation and training. We used the morbidity questionnaire adapted to sports characteristics to collect personal, training, and injury data. It was observed that injury risk was 0.3 injuries per athlete and 1.4 injuries per injured athlete, in which the gymnasts of the training category showed a higher frequency of the injury (83.3%; n=10) compared with the ones in the initiation category (10.5%; n=4). For both levels of competitiveness, training moment and light severity were the most reported variables. In the mechanism, contactless was more prevalent in the training category (90%; n=9) and the direct contact was more common at initiation category (75%; n=3). Anthropometric and training variables were considered as factors associated with injury to the gymnasts. It is concluded that gymnasts of the training category have higher injury frequency. Anthropometric and training variables were factors associated with injury. Characteristics of the injuries depend on the competitiveness level of the ­gymnasts...

La gimnasia artística es una modalidad que combina arte y gestos biomecánicos, y es destacada entre niños y adolescentes. Su práctica puede conducir a lesiones deportivas, por eso es importante conocer los factores inherentes al traumatismo para la formulación de modelos preventivos. De ese modo, el objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar las lesiones deportivas y verificar los factores asociados con lesión en practicantes de gimnasia artística de diferentes niveles de competitividad. Fueron entrevistadas 46 gimnastas, con edad media de 10,1±2,0 años de sexo femenino, clasificadas en dos niveles competitivos: iniciación y entrenamiento. Se utilizó la encuesta de morbilidad adaptada a las características de este deporte para recabar datos personales, de entrenamiento y de lesión. Fueron observadas 0,3 lesiones por atleta y 1,4 lesiones por atleta lesionado, en que gimnastas de la categoría de entrenamiento presentaron mayor frecuencia de lesión (83,3%; n=10) comparadas con las de iniciación (10,5%, n=4). Para ambos niveles, el momento de entrenamiento y la gravedad leve fueron los más relatados. En cuanto al mecanismo, el sin contacto fue el más prevalente en la categoría de entrenamiento (90%; n=9) y de contacto directo fue el más frecuente en la iniciación (75%; n=3). Las variables antropométricas y de entrenamiento fueron consideradas factores asociados con lesión para las gimnastas. Se concluye que las gimnastas de la categoría de entrenamiento poseen mayor frecuencia de lesión. Las variables antropométricas y de entrenamiento fueron factores asociados con lesión. Las características de las lesiones dependen del nivel de competitividad de las gimnastas...

Uso de sapatilha de ponta e ocorrência de sintomas musculoesqueléticos (SME) em bailarinas / Use of sneaker rush and symptoms occurrence of skeletal muscle (SME) in ballerina

INTRODUÇÃO: A literatura técnica pertinente descreve elevadas frequências de lesões em bailarinas clássicas que dançam na ponta, no entanto, são escassas as informações sobre os efeitos crônicos permanentes desses agravos. OBJETIVO: Comparar a presença de SME em bailarinas com uso e sem uso de sapatilha de ponta. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada no 27° Festival de Joinville, em Santa Catarina. Participaram do estudo 111 bailarinas, das quais 88 eram usuárias de sapatilha de ponta e 23 que não a utilizavam. Para obtenção das informações referentes aos SME e agravos específicos nos pés causados pela prática da dança foram utilizados protocolos específicos. RESULTADOS: As estruturas mais acometidas foram o joelho (29,7% ponta versus 39% sem ponta), coluna vertebral (26,4 ponta versus 22,0% sem ponta) e tornozelo/pé (20,0% ponta versus 12,2% sem ponta). Através da taxa de Odds Ratio (OR) e respectivos Intervalos de Confiança (IC95%) foi identificado fator de proteção nos joelhos (0,24; IC95% - 0,09-0,64) e pernas (0,11; IC95% - 0,02-0,65) para bailarinas que usam sapatilha de ponta. Em contrapartida, constatou-se que o risco de ocorrência de agravos específicos nas estruturas dos pés é significativamente superior entre as bailarinas que utilizam sapatilha ponta. Neste caso, a ocorrência de joanetes (9,74; IC95% - 1,25-75,99), calos nos artelhos (3,46; IC95% - 1,29-9,27) e a associação dos três agravos (4,47; IC95% - 1,69-11,83) foram aquelas que apresentaram fator de risco aumentado quando comparados com bailarinas que não dançam na ponta. CONCLUSÃO: Em bailarinas da elite brasileira o uso de sapatilhas de ponta foi associado à menor ocorrência de SME na região do joelho e perna, porém, o uso da mesma está fortemente associado à presença de deformidades nos pés.

INTRODUCTION: Technical literature shows high frequencies of injuries occurring in classical ballet dancers, however, only limited information about the permanent effects of chronic diseases are mentioned. OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence of MSD among dancers who wear pointe shoes and those who do not. METHODS: The research was conducted at the 27th Festival of Joinville in Santa Catarina. The study had the participation of 111 dancers, 88 of whom wore pointe shoes while 23 did not. Specific procedures were used to obtain information related to MSD and foot injuries caused by dancing. RESULTS: The most affected parts were the knees (29.7% with pointe shoes versus 39% without), spine (26.4% with pointe shoes versus 22% without), and ankle/foot (20% with pointe shoes versus 12.2% without). Through odds ratio and respective confidence intervals (IC95%), the study identified protection factor in the knees (0.24; CI95% - 0.09-0.64) and legs (0.11; CI95% - 0.02-0.65) for dancers who wear pointe shoes. It was found that the risk of injuries in specific structures of the foot is significantly higher among those dancers. In this case, the appearance of bunions (9.74; CI95% - 1.25-75,99), calluses on the toes (3.46; CI95% - 1.29-9.27) and the association of the three (4.47; CI95% - 1.69-11.83) were those that showed an increased risk factor compared to dancers who do not stand en pointe. CONCLUSION: The use of pointe shoes in elite Brazilian dancers was associated to lower occurrence of MSD in the knee and leg, however it was strongly associated to foot injuries.

Uso do teste de duplos esforços para avaliação da capacidade aeróbia de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta / Double effort test for evaluation of aerobic capacity of diet-induced obese rats

INTRODUÇÃO: Há uma grande carência na literatura de estudos aprofundando o conhecimento em relação às ações do lactato e algumas limitações nas investigações com indivíduos saudáveis ou portadores de algum transtorno metabólico. OBJETIVO: Verificar se é possível avaliar a capacidade aeróbia de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta através do teste de duplos esforços. MÉTODOS: Quatorze ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos: Controle (Con) e Obeso (Obe). Os animais controles foram alimentados com ração-padrão e água fornecida ad libitum. O grupo de ratos obesos foi alimentado com ração padrão e dieta hiperlipídica. Após 12 semanas do início da dieta foi realizado o teste de tolerância à insulina, de máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) e o teste de duplos esforços. RESULTADOS: A dieta foi eficiente para induzir a obesidade nos animais. Os animais obesos apresentaram redução na sensibilidade à insulina de aproximadamente 19% (Con = 2,156 ± 0,1187 UA versus Obe = 1,742 ± 0,1551 UA). No teste de máxima fase estável, a concentração de lactato e velocidade correspondente ao limiar anaeróbio foram 3,780 ± 0,09 mmol/L e 18 m.min-1, para ambos os grupos. A velocidade de limiar estimada pelo teste de duplos esforços foi de 15,59 ± 0,653 m.min-1 para os animais controles e 14,02 ± 0,565 m.min-1 para os animais obesos. O teste de duplos esforços subestimou a capacidade aeróbia dos animais controles em 13% e obesos em 8,7%, contudo, apresentou correlação significativa com a MFEL (r = 0,88; P < 0,0075 Con / r = 0,92; P < 0,0031 Obe). CONCLUSÃO: O teste de duplos esforços pode ser uma alternativa interessante para avaliar a capacidade aeróbia tanto de animais sedentários saudáveis como de animais obesos.

INTRODUCTION: The literature lacks studies about lactate actions and some limitations in studies involving healthy individuals or patients with some metabolic disorder. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the protocol of double effort test for obese-induced rats. METHODS: Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Control (Con) and Obese (Obe). The control group was fed with standard chow and water ad libitum. The obese group was fed with standard chow, water ad libitum and hyperlipidic diet. Twelve weeks after the beginning of the hyperlipidic diet, insulin tolerance test, Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS) test and the double efforts test were performed. RESULTS: The diet was effective to promote obesity. The obese group decreased insulin sensitivity in approximately 19% (Con = 2.156 ± 0.1187 AU vs Obe = 1.742 ± 0.1551 AU). The lactate concentration and velocity of anaerobic threshold at MLSS test were 3.780 ± 0.09 mmol/L e 18 m.min-1 in both groups. The velocity of anaerobic threshold estimated by double efforts test was 15.59±0.653 m.min-1 in Con group control animals and 16.42±0.672 m.min-1 in Obe group. The double effort test underestimated around 13% and 8.7% the aerobic capacity in control and obese groups respectively, however, presented significant correlation with MLSS (r = 0,88; P < 0,0075 controls / r = 0,92; P < 0,0031 obese). CONCLUSION: So, the double effort test can be an interesting alternative to evaluate the aerobic capacity for both healthy sedentary and obese animals.

Caracterização das categorias de atividade física e associação com variáveis antropométricas de funcionários universitários / Characterization of physical activity categories and association with anthropometric variables of university employees

Os efeitos da atividade física (AF) representam uma proteção para o sistema cardiovascular e podem estar associadas às medidas antropométricas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as categorias de AF de funcionários de uma Universidade e comparar e associar com as variáveis antropométricas. Avaliou-se 311 funcionários divididos em três grupos: docente (n = 136), técnico-administrativo (tec/adm) (n = 110) e operacional (n = 65). Os mesmos foram visitados no próprio local de trabalho e coletou-se o peso, a altura e a circunferência abdominal. As categorias de AF foram avaliadas pelo inventário de Baecke aplicado em forma de entrevista. A comparação das categorias de AF e das variáveis antropométricas entre os grupos de funcionários foi realizada por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA ONE-WAY) seguida da aplicação do teste de Tukey para dados com distribuição normal ou teste de Kruskal-Wallys seguido da aplicação do teste de Dunn para dados com distribuição não normal. Para análise da chance dos grupos ativo e sedentário apresentarem obesidade e risco cardiovascular foi utilizado o teste de Odds Ratio com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostram que o grupo docente apresentou menores escores para AF ocupacional (2,20 ± 0,44; p = 0,0042) e de locomoção (2,10 ± 0,54; p = 0,0761), enquanto o grupo tec/adm para AF total (6,35 ± 1,58; p = 0,0012) e operacional para AF de tempo livre (2,03 ± 0,95; p = 0,0111). Encontraram-se maiores valores antropométricos para o grupo operacional (índice massa corporal: p = 0,0045; circunferência abdominal: p = 0,0111) e não houve associação entre os níveis de AF e as variáveis antropométricas (p > 0,05). Assim, conclui-se que existe diferença entre categorias de AF e variáveis antropométricas dos grupos estudados. Não houve associação significante entre as variáveis, porém os sedentários apresentaram mais chance de serem obesos e terem risco cardiovascular aumentado.

The effects of physical activity (PA) represent a protection for the cardiovascular system and may be associated with anthropometric measurements. The aim of this study was to characterize the categories of PA of employees from a university and compare and associate these categories with anthropometric variables. We evaluated 311 employees and divided them into three groups: teachers (n =136), technical / administrative (tce / adm) (n = 110) and operational group (n = 65). They were visited in the workplace and collected the weight, height and waist circumference. The categories of PA were assessed by inventory Baecke applied as an interview. The comparison of categories of PA with anthropometric variables between employee’s groups was performed by variance’s analysis (ANOVA ONE-WAY) followed by the Tukey test for normally distributed data or Kruskal-Wallys followed the Dunn test for non-normally distributed data. To analyze the chance of active and sedentary groups to present obesity and cardiovascular risk the test odds ratio was used with a confidence interval of 95%. The results showed that the teachers group had lower scores for occupational PA (2.20 ± 0.44, p = 0.0042) and transport (2.10 ± 0.54, p = 0.0761), while the tec / adm group had total physical activity (6.35 ± 1.58, p = 0.0012) and operational PA free time (2.03 ± 0.95, p = 0.0111). It were observed higher values of anthropometric variables for operational group (body mass index: p = 0.0045; abdominal circumference: p = 0.0111) and there was no association between PA levels and anthropometric variables (p> 0.05). Therefore, in conclusion there are differences between categories of PA and anthropometric variables for the studied groups. There was no significant association between the anthropometric variables, but sedentary people had more chance to being obese and having increased cardiovascular risk.