RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review was to describe the incidence and mortality of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases and reviewed articles from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and statistical heterogeneity was measured using the I(2) index. A random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis because of the heterogeneity of the data. RESULTS: Thirty-two papers were included in the systematic review. The crude incidence rate for basal cell carcinoma was 113.05 (95% CI, 89.03-137.08) cases per 100 000 person-years for the studies based on the registration methodology normally used by registries (in which only 1 tumor with histological confirmation is counted per person). However, the same incidence rate calculated on the basis of clinical and histologic criteria and counting tumors rather than individual patients was 253.23 (95% CI, 273.01-269.45) cases per 100 000 person-years. The incidence was 38.16 (95% CI, 31.72-39.97) cases per 100 000 person-years for squamous cell carcinoma, 8.76 (95% CI, 7.50-10.02) cases per 100 000 person-years for melanoma, and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.15-0.40) cases per 100 000 person-years for Merkel cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The registration methodology normally used by cancer registries probably underestimates the incidence rates of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma in Spain. The incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are lower in Spain than in other European countries.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade , Espanha/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Enoxaparina/efeitos adversos , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Enoxaparina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/diagnóstico , Trombose/induzido quimicamente , Trombose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into the different cell lineages of their tissue of origin. The discovery of stem cells in adult tissues, together with the description of specific markers for their isolation, has opened up new lines of investigation, expanding the horizons of biomedical research and raising new hope in the treatment of many diseases. In this article, we review in detail the main characteristics of the stem cells that produce the specialized cells of the skin (epidermal, mesenchymal, and melanocyte stem cells) and their potential implications and applications in diseases affecting the skin. Part I deals with the principal characteristics and potential applications of epidermal stem cells in dermatology.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Adultas/citologia , Células Epidérmicas , Células-Tronco Adultas/classificação , Animais , Queimaduras/cirurgia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Autorrenovação Celular , Cicatriz/patologia , Previsões , Terapia Genética/métodos , Folículo Piloso/citologia , Homeostase , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mutação , Glândulas Sebáceas/citologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Transplante de Células-TroncoAssuntos
Melanoma/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Cutâneas/prevenção & controle , Protetores Solares , Animais , Cocarcinogênese , Genes p53 , Humanos , Melanócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Melanócitos/enzimologia , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Melanoma/etiologia , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma Experimental/etiologia , Melanoma Experimental/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/genética , Mutação Puntual , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/biossíntese , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Risco , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Tamoxifeno/farmacologia , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Disease course in melanoma often cannot be accurately predicted by means of the prognostic factors usually considered in patients with melanoma; therefore, new factors are clearly needed. Increasingly robust scientific evidence shows that tumor lymph vessels play a key role in melanoma that metastasizes by lymphatic and hematogenous pathways. We review current knowledge and examine the implications of lymphangiogenesis in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with melanoma.
Assuntos
Linfangiogênese , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/secundário , Prognóstico , Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
A 92-year-old woman was referred for the assesment of an asymptomatic subcutaneous tumor that developed after an accidental fall. The mass clinically and radiologically simulated a subcutaneous hematoma. Finally, the histological study was consistent with subcutaneous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Assuntos
Dermatofibrossarcoma/patologia , Perna (Membro) , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dermatofibrossarcoma/química , Dermatofibrossarcoma/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/química , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaAssuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Aminoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Aminoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Anilidas/administração & dosagem , Anilidas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Basocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Basocelular/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Criocirurgia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Humanos , Imiquimode , Imunoterapia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Receptor SmoothenedRESUMO
Malignant melanoma represents < 10% of all skin cancers but is responsible for the majority of skin-cancer-related deaths. Metastatic melanoma has historically been considered as one of the most therapeutically challenging malignancies. Fortunately, for the first time after decades of basic research and clinical investigation, new drugs have produced major clinical responses. Angiogenesis has been considered an important target for cancer treatment. Initial efforts have focused primarily on targeting endothelial and tumour-related vascular endothelial growth factor signalling. Here, we review different mechanisms of tumour vascularization described in melanoma and discuss the potential clinical implications.
Assuntos
Melanoma/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Cutâneas/irrigação sanguínea , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Angiogênicas/fisiologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Linfangiogênese/fisiologia , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/fisiopatologia , Oncogenes/fisiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma Maligno CutâneoRESUMO
In malignant melanoma (MM) there is an urgent need to identify new markers with predictive value superior to the traditional clinical and histological parameters. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis have been recognized as critical processes in tumour growth and metastasis development, and numerous studies have evaluated the significance of these parameters in predicting the prognosis in solid tumours, including MM. We set out to determine whether angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic invasion (LI) are valuable prognostic markers in MM. We systematically reviewed the available literature and subsequently performed a meta-analysis on the compiled data. To be eligible for the systematic review, a study had to provide the microvessel density (MVD), the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) or information about LI, assessed by immunohistochemistry on the primary site in patients with MM. To be evaluable for the meta-analysis, a study also had to provide information on clinical outcome. We approached selected studies with the Reporting recommendations for tumour marker (REMARK) criteria, verifying whether they had followed the recommendations. In total, nine angiogenesis, seven lymphangiogenesis and 10 LI studies were included in our meta-analysis, representing 419, 474 and 802 patients, respectively. Using meta-analysis, we showed that peritumoral LVD and the presence of LI have prognostic value for patients with MM. In contrast, MVD and intratumoral LVD did not have prognostic value in these patients. LVD and LI seem to have prognostic value for patients with MM.