Causes and Pathology of Equine Pneumonia and Pleuritis in Southern Brazil.

We document the causes and pathological findings in 50 cases of equine pneumonia and pleuritis in Southern Brazil. Suppurative (17/50), pyogranulomatous (14/50), aspiration (5/50), mycotic (4/50), bronchointerstitial (3/50), embolic (3/50) and eosinophilic granulomatous pneumonia (1/50) and pleuritis (3/50) were the main conditions identified. Streptococcus spp. were identified in 11 cases of suppurative pneumonia. Suppurative pneumonia was further divided into acute (8/17), subacute (6/17) and chronic (3/17) based on the morphological pattern of lesions. Rhodococcus equi was identified in all cases of pyogranulomatous pneumonia and exclusively affected young foals.

Epidemiological and Pathological Characterization of Feline Injection Site Sarcomas in Southern Brazil.

Feline injection site sarcoma (FISS) is a mesenchymal neoplasm with highly malignant characteristics. These tumours originate in anatomical sites where there has been previous parenteral administration of medicinal substances or implantation of medical devices. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and pathological features associated with FISS in the southern region of Brazil. The database of the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul was searched for excisional and incisional biopsy samples compatible with FISS submitted between 2007 and 2017. Biopsy reports were reviewed and epidemiological information, including breed, age and sex of affected cats, as well as gross findings including anatomical location and size of the tumour and the presence of tissue invasion, were extracted. Eighty-nine samples were selected based on the established criteria. Most animals were of undefined breed and were female cats with a median age of 10 years. Grossly, 84.8% of the tumours were >2 cm in diameter. Regarding anatomical location, 34.9% of the tumours were located in the subcutaneous tissue of the thoracic wall, 29.2% in the flank, 21.3% in the interscapular region and 14.6% in the limbs. Histologically, the tumours originated in the subcutaneous tissue and were diagnosed as malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Most were compatible with fibrosarcomas, but variants with features of pleomorphic sarcoma or chondrosarcoma were recognized. All tumours exhibited areas of necrosis and peripheral inflammatory infiltrate, composed predominantly of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The results of this study suggest the need for dissemination of information on FISS epidemiology and guidelines for management of this tumour to veterinarians in the region.

Pathological Characterization of Lymphoma with Pulmonary Involvement in Cats.

Studies evaluating histological patterns of lung infiltration by lymphoma in cats are lacking. We evaluated retrospectively the histological patterns of 125 necropsy cases of feline lymphoma collected over a 12-year period. Of the 125 cases, 16 showed lung infiltration (12.8%). Nine cats were female, seven cats were male and all were of mixed breed. Gross lesions observed in the lungs consisted of masses (25%) and nodules (18.7%); however, the majority of cases (56.2%) did not show any gross abnormality. Peribronchial-vascular infiltration (93.7%) was the most frequent pattern, followed by pleural (56.2%), interstitial (50%), nodular (37.5%) and alveolar (12.5%) patterns, but 75% of the cases had more than one pulmonary infiltration pattern. There were 14 (87.5%) B-cell and two (12.5%) T-cell lymphomas. Six cats (37.5%) were positive for feline leukaemia virus and three cats (18.7%) were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent type, accounting for 56% of all cases.

Multifocal Spinal Cord Nephroblastoma in a Dog.

A 1-year-old male American pit bull terrier was presented with a history of proprioceptive deficits and mild lameness of the right hindlimb, which progressed after 5 months to paraparesis, culminating in tetraparesis after 2 weeks. Necropsy findings were limited to the spinal cord and consisted of multiple, intradural, extramedullary, slightly red masses which produced segmental areas of medullary swelling located in the cervical intumescence, thoracolumbar column, sacral segment and cauda equina. Histological evaluation revealed a tumour, composed of epithelial, stromal and blastemal cells, with structures resembling tubules, acini and embryonic glomeruli. Immunohistochemical labelling for vimentin, cytokeratin and S100 was positive for the stromal, epithelial and blastemal cells, respectively. A final diagnosis of multifocal spinal cord nephroblastoma was established. This is the first report of such a tumour showing concomitant involvement of the cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, sacral and cauda equina areas of the spinal cord.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático em tecido mole em um cão - relato de caso / Aneurysmal bone cyst in soft tissue in a dog - Case Report

Este trabalho descreve o diagnóstico e o tratamento instituído para um cão com um raro cisto ósseo aneurismático originado em tecido mole. O paciente foi apresentado para atendimento no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul devido à dificuldade de locomoção, fraqueza nos membros pélvicos e disquesia havia 15 dias. Já estava recebendo tratamento medicamentoso sem sucesso. Ao exame clínico, notou-se aumento de volume sólido na região perineal direita, e foram solicitados exames complementares de imagem. A radiografia da região sugeriu hérnia perineal direita ou neoplasia. O cão foi encaminhado para cirurgia, na qual foi removida uma estrutura tumoral, arredondada, de aspecto ossificado. O exame histopatológico diagnosticou a estrutura como um cisto ósseo aneurismático em tecido mole, e o paciente recuperou-se totalmente após a excisão cirúrgica.(AU)

This paper describes the diagnosis and treatment of a dog with a rare aneurysmal bone cyst in soft tissue. The patient was attended in the Veterinary Clinic Hospital at the Fedral University of Rio Grande do Sul due to limited mobility, weakness in hind limbs, and dyschezia for 15 days. It was already receiving medical treatment without success. Upon clinical examination a solid increase volume in the right perineal region was detected, and complementary imaging tests were requested. Radiography of the region suggested right perineal hernia or neoplasia. The dog was submitted to surgery, and a rounded and ossified tumoral structure was removed. The histopathological exam diagnosed the structure as an aneurysmal bone cyst in soft tissue, and the patient recovered fully after surgical excision.(AU)

Mortes súbitas em bovinos causadas por Amorimia exotropica no Rio Grande do Sul / Sudden death in cattle due to the consumption of Amorimia exotropica (Malpighiaceae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Descrevem-se casos de morte súbita em bovinos associados com a ingestão de Amorimia (Mascagnia) exotropica em seis propriedades rurais localizadas na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e na serra gaúcha. Os bovinos intoxicados foram encontrados mortos sem história de sinais clínicos prévios, ou apresentaram tremores musculares, quedas bruscas, movimentos de pedalagem, opistótono, respiração ofegante e decúbito lateral, quando induzidos ao movimento poucos minutos antes da morte. Registrou-se maior número de casos entre os meses de maio e agosto. Nove bovinos foram necropsiados e os principais achados macroscópicos observados foram mucosa oral levemente cianótica (3/9), hidropericárdio leve a moderado (3/9), petéquias e equimoses no epicárdio (5/9), coágulo no interior do ventrículo esquerdo (4/9), edema pulmonar (5/9) e mucosas vermelhas no abomaso e no intestino delgado (6/9). Histologicamente havia necrose de coagulação no miocárdio (9/9) caracterizada por retração celular, aumento da eosinofilia do citoplasma com perda das estriações, vacúolos intracitoplasmáticos, núcleos em picnose, vacúolos intranucleares com marginalização da cromatina e ocasionais núcleos em cariorrexia e cariólise. No coração, edema intersticial (3/9) e infiltrado inflamatório intersticial predominantemente mononuclear (7/9) também foram observados. Nos rins de três bovinos havia degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar multifocal das células epiteliais dos túbulos contorcidos distais associada com núcleos picnóticos deslocados para periferia da célula.

Cases of sudden death in cattle were associated with the consumption of Amorimia (Mascagnia) exotropica and occurred in six ranches located in the mountainous region of Rio Grande do Sul and the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Affected cattle were found dead with no history of previous clinical signs, or showed muscular tremors, falls, paddling, opistotonus, panting, and lateral recumbence after being induced to move, few minutes before death. Most cases were recorded between May and August. Nine cattle were necropsied and main gross findings were oral mucosae slightly cyanotic (3/9), mild to intermediate hydropericardium (3/9), epicardial petechiae and ecchymoses (5/9), clot within the left ventricle (4/9), lung edema (5/9), apart of abomasal and small intestinal reddened mucosa (6/9). Histologically, there was myocardial coagulation necrosis (9/9), which was characterized by cellular retraction, enhanced cytoplasmic eosinophilia, lack of cytoplasmic striations, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, nuclear piknosis, intranuclear vacuoles, chromatin marginalization and occasional nuclear karyorrhexis and karyolysis. There also were interstitial edema (3/9) and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate (mainly mononuclear) (7/9) in the heart, apart of multifocal vacuolar-hydropic degeneration in the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules associated with pyknotic and eccentric nuclei in the kidneys of three cattle.

Obstrução intestinal por Pythium insidiosum em um cão: relato de caso / Intestinal obstruction by Pythium insidiosum in a dog: case report

Relata-se um caso de pitiose intestinal em um Husky Siberiano, de um ano de idade, macho atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Escola com sinais de obstrução intestinal. Ao exame físico, notou-se massa cilíndrica na região abdominal cranial, posteriormente confirmada por meio de radiografia e ultrassonografia. Durante a laparotomia exploratória, constatou-se massa extraluminal envolvendo o jejuno e alterações na parede do órgão. Realizou-se a ressecção da porção afetada do intestino e, posteriormente, anastomose. O exame histológico do tecido evidenciou inflamação piogranulomatosa acentuada. Na coloração de prata metenamina de Grocott, hifas septadas foram observadas. O diagnóstico de infecção por Pythium insidiosum foi confirmado por meio da imunoistoquímica. Após a cirurgia, o animal restabeleceu a defecação; no 30º dia pós-cirúrgico, foi relatada ainda presença de diarreia. O tratamento com itraconazol e terbinafina foi instituído durante 60 dias. Após dois anos do procedimento cirúrgico e do tratamento com antifúngicos orais, o cão não apresentou recidiva.

A case of intestinal pythiosis in a one-year-old male Siberian Husky treated at a Veterinary School Hospital with signs of intestinal obstruction is reported. At physical examination, a cylindrical mass was palpable in the cranial abdomen, later confirmed by radiography and ultrasonography. During the exploratory laparotomy, it was evidenced an extraluminal mass involving the jejunum and alterations of the wall in the organ. After that, a resection of the affected portion of the intestine was made followed by anastomosis. The histologic examination evidenced accented pyogranulomatous inflammation. By the Grocott methenamine silver stain, branching hyphae were observed. The diagnosis of infection by Pythium insidiosum was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The animal reestablished the defecation after the surgery; on the 30th postoperative day, it was also reported the presence of diarrhea. The treatment with itraconazol and terbinafina was instituted for 60 days. Two years after the surgical procedure and treatment with oral antifungals, the dog did not show recurrence.