Paratiroidectomía en pacientes renales crónicos en Argentina: estudios prequirúrgicos, tipos de cirugía, recurrencia y persistencia / Parathyroidectomy in chronic kidney disease patients in Argentina: pre surgical studies, types of surgery, recurrence and persistence

La paratiroidectomía (PTx) es el tratamiento de elección en pacientes con HPT 2º severo, refractario al tratamiento médico. Se cuenta con muy poca información en Argentina de este procedimiento, por lo cual se realizó este estudio. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron 255 pacientes con PTx entre el año 2003 al 2007 de un registro voluntario. Se evaluaron los estudios de localización prequirúrgicos, de laboratorio de metabolismo fosfocálcico previo y posterior a la cirugía y el tipo de técnica quirúrgica utilizada. Se analizó la persistencia y recidiva del HPT postcirugía. Resultados: La tasa de PTx fue de 2,7/1000 pacientes año. 83% de los pacientes tuvieron ecografía de cuello y 59% Sesta Mibi con Tc 99. Hubo una correlación positiva (p<0.001) entre el número de glándulas detectadas por ecografía y Sesta Mibi. La paratiroidectomía realizada fue: subtotal en 77%, total con autoimplante en 14% y total sin autoimplante en 9%. Hubo descensos significativos de Ca y P, fosfatasa alcalina y PTH (1744 ± 788 pg/ml a 247 ±450 pg/ml; p<0.0001) postcirugía. A los 2,4 ±2,5 meses de la PTx, el 72% de los pacientes tenía PTH <250 pg/ml, 19,8% tenía persistencia y 8,3% había recidivado. De acuerdo al tipo de cirugía la persistencia y recidiva fueron para PTx subtotal 22% y 8,3%, PTx total con implante 11% y 11% y PTx total sin autoimplante 13% y 4% respectivamente. La realización de Sesta Mibi no influyó en los resultados de la PTx. No se observaron diferencias entre los centros en relación con persistencia y recidiva. Conclusiones: La tasa de PTx fue muy baja, la ecografía fue el método de localización prequirúrgico preferido y la PTX subtotal la técnica quirúrgica más utilizada. La PTx fue exitosa en la mayoría de los pacientes y la persistencia y recidiva no estuvieron relacionadas con la técnica.

Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the selecte treatment for patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, refractory to medical treatment. There is not enough information about this procedure in Argentina, that is the reason why we performed this study. Material and Methods: 255 patients with PTx were included from the year 2003 to 2007 on a voluntary register. Studies of pre-surgical localization, phosphocalcic metabolism laboratories before and after surgery were evaluated, and the type of surgical technique used. The persistence and recurrence of post-surgical hyperparathyroidism was analyzed. Results: The PTx rate was 2,7/1000 patients year. 83% of the patients had neck echography and 59% Sestamibi scans with Tc 99. There was a positive correlation (p<0,001) between the number of detected glands by echography and Sestamibi. The parathyroidectomy performed was: subtotal in 77%, total with self-implant in 14% and total without self-implant in 9%. There were significant falls of Ca and P, Alkaline Phosphatase and PTH (1744±788 pg/ml to 247±450 pg/ml; p<0.0001) post-surgical. 2.4 ±2,5 months after the PTx, 72% of patients had PTH <250 pg/ml, 19,8% had persistence and 8,3% had recurrence. According to the type of surgery, the persistence and recurrence were for subtotal PTx 22% and 8,3%, total PTx with implant 11% and 11%, and total PTx without selfimplant 13% and 4% respectively. The performance of the Sestamibi scan did not affect the PTx results. No noticeable differences were observed among the centers for persistence and recurrence. Conclusions: The PTx rate was very low, echography was the preferred method of pre-surgical localization, and subtotal PTx was the most used surgical technique. PTx was successful in most of the patients, and persistence and recurrence were not related to the technique.

Ciclofosfamida (CIC) en lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES): dosis acumulada y eventos adversos: estudio multicéntrico / Cyclophosphamide (CYC) in systemic lupus erythematosus accumulated dose and adverse events: multicentric study

Objetivo: Describir los eventos adversos (EA) asociados a ciclofosfamiday su relación con la dosis acumulada. Material y método: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con LES (Criterios ACR) de 6 centros de Reumatología de la Argentina. Se incluyeron 81 pacientes (72 mujeres y 9 hombres) que habían recibido tratamiento con pulsos mensuales de CIC (0,5-1g/m2). Se estudiaron los EA asociados a CIC, dosis acumulada, dosis de corticosteroides y actividad de la enfermedad al momento del evento. Se excluyeron los pacientes con otro tratamiento inmunosupresor. Resultados: La edad de diagnóstico del LES fue x¯ 26 años (DS 11,3); tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad x¯ 6,2 años (DS 5,9). La edad al inicio de CIC fue x¯ 30 años (DS 12,4). Se encontraron 105 eventos adversos asociados a CIC en 53 pacientes (65,4%). Infección (45%) fue el efecto más frecuente, fatal en 6 pacientes; intolerancia gástrica (náuseas y vómitos) en 21% y las citopenias 14,3%. Tres pacientes (2,8%) presentaron amenorrea y sólo una cistitis hemorrágica. No se detectaron neoplasias. La mediana de dosis acumulada al momento del EA fue 2600 mg. Al comparar los pacientes con y sin EA, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el SLEDAI ni en la dosis de prednisona recibida. No se encontró asociación entre dosis acumulada de CIC y náuseas, vómitos, convulsiones y citopenias (p NS). Al aplicar el modelo de riesgo proporcional para eventos múltiples, el riesgo de infecciones aumentaba a mayor dosis de CIC. Los pacientes que fallecieron por sepsis recibieron una dosis mediana de CIC de 4000 mg. Conclusiones: 1) La dosis acumulada de CIC se asoció a infecciones: mayor dosis, mayor número de infecciones. 2) Náuseas, vómitos, convulsiones y citopenias fueron eventos independientes de la dosis de CIC.

[Importance of the "adequate blood phosphorus" concept as a risk factor for hyperphosphatemia]. / Importancia del concepto "fosfatemia adecuada" como factor de riesgo de hiperfosfatemia.

Hyperphosphatemia is an important risk factor of secondary hyperparathyroidism and extraosseous calcifications in chronic renal failure patients. In this study our hypothesis is that physicians misconception of adequate phosphatemia is a risk factor for hyperphosphatemia. In 1999 GEMOR sent a renal osteodystrophy inquiry to different hemodialysis centers in Argentina. It included 80 dialysis centers in 17 Argentinian provinces. The enquire had 33 questions about renal osteodystrophy. Here we report the section related to phosphorous metabolism. We obtained responses from 80 dialysis centers (4,512 dialysis patients), which represents about 24% of Argentinian dialysis centers. Physicians considered phosphorous levels between 4.5 to 5.5 mg/dl in 83.5% of centers as adequate, and between 5.5 to 6.5 mg/dl in 10.1%. Five out of 77 centers reported that they had no patients with hyperphosphatemia. The percentage of hemodialysis patients that had more than 6 mg/dl in each center was 28.8 +/- 15.9%. Those centers that aimed for phosphatemia between 5.5 and 6.5 mg/dl, had a higher percentage of patients with phosphatemia above 6 mg/dl than those aiming for between 4.5 and 5.5 mg/dl (42.8 +/- 16.7 vs 27.1 +/- 15.2% respectively, p = 0.007), and had higher mean of phosphatemia (6.4 +/- 0.7 vs 5.3 +/- 0.7 mg/dl respectively, p = 0.0001), than the last group. In conclusion, a higher mean phosphate level was obtained in hemodialysis centers where physicians considered higher pre-dialysis target levels. Some centers had no patients with hyperphosphatemia (neglect or good control?).

[Vascular and tissue calcifications of hemodialysis patients]. / Calcificaciones vasculares y de tejidos de pacientes en hemodiálisis.

The present paper aims to assess radiographic vascular and soft parts calcifications occurrence and its correlation with biochemical profiles. The study was performed in 47 patients (ten diabetic patients), 49 years old, who had been on dialysis for a period of 51 months. Vascular calcifications (VCs) were classified as proximal, distal and soft tissues. In addition, Ca, P, CaxP values in the six months prior to the recruitment period, PTH, FAL and calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, and vitamin D3 intake were determined. A higher frequency of VCs was observed in diabetics, yielding a significant association with proximal 60% (p = 0.05) and almost significant with distal calcifications 70% (p = 0.07). Likewise, a lower CaxP was noted for diabetic VCs in comparison to that seen in non-diabetic VCs (p < 0.05). Proximal and distal VCs in the non-diabetics population were 25% and 20%, respectively; and tissue calcifications were 24%. Age was correlated with proximal and distal VCs (p < 0.01). A higher CaxP was observed in patients with VCs and it yielded an even higher value for tissue calcifications. Lastly, calcium acetate and overall calcium intake was higher in patients with tissue calcifications (p = 0.05). VCs were more frequent in diabetics and they also showed a lower CaxP. VCs in non-diabetics were correlated with CaxP values, whereas tissue calcifications were associated with calcium intake. Therefore, the management of renal osteodystrophy should be changed in order to prevent calcifications as well as to decrease morbidity in hemodialysis patients.

Lupus en hombres: comparación con mujeres y con lo descripto en la literatura / Lupus in men: comparation with women and with preview literature

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con 30 pacientes masculinos portadores de LES y 60 mujeres como control. La edad media de inicio del LES fue semejante en ambos grupos (26 años). Serositis fue más frecuente en hombres y rash malar y fotosensibilidad en mujeres (ambas de manera estadísticamente significativa), no así el desorden neurológico (más frecuente en hombres) y linfopenia y FAN (+) (más frecuente en mujeres) que no tuvieron significancia estadística. No hubo diferencias con respecto a la ingesta de antipalúdicos e inmunosupresores entre ambos grupos. Cuando se comparó este grupo LES masculino con lo descripto en la literatura se halló mayor frecuencia de rash malar y leucopenia en nuestra serie y menor frecuencia de FAN, proteinuria, hipocomplementeria y trombocitopenia

Eccrine porocarcinoma. Report of nine cases.

BACKGROUND: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignancy of the eccrine sweat gland and usually has a long-standing growth on a lower extremity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to analyze clinical and histopathological findings of eccrine porocarcinoma. METHODS: We report nine cases of eccrine porocarcinoma that we have seen during last 10 years. RESULTS: Eccrine porocarcinoma affects elderly patients in both sexes and is usually found on the lower extremities, but in our review it is similar on the head. The mean size was 1.9 cm in our cases. Elective primary treatment was excision and we did not perform elective lymph node dissection. We have not found evidence of metastases in any of our cases.

[Cutaneous metastasis of epithelioid sarcoma of the penis: report of a case]. / Metástasis cutánea de un sarcoma epitelioide de pene: a propósito de un caso.

Exposition of one case of skin metastasis in a 35 year-old patient, diagnosed 10 years previously with epithelioid sarcoma of the penis, which was treated with total penectomy. The singularity of this case lies in the rarity of a pineal site for this tumour, as well as the infrequency of the skin metastasis. It should be noted the significance of long-term follow-up in this patients, since quite frequently they develop metastasis following a long asymptomatic period.