RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the journey of foreigners with chronic kidney diseases searching for treatment in the Brazilian Unified Health System in a border area. Methods: this is a qualitative research conducted with thirteen foreign participants. Data were collected by interviews and analyzed based on the theoretical-methodological framework of the therapeutic itinerary. Results: empirical evidence showed seven thematic categories, indicating poor illness perception; poor family support throughout treatment; social aspects such as work, income, and housing as sources of distress; search for alternative treatments; interrupted search for healthcare abroad due to financial problems; journey to healthcare-seeking in Brazil eased by family members and social networks. Final considerations: the asymmetries within the Paraguayan and Brazilian health systems spur the search for cross-border integration actions. Identifying another country's assistance aspects may help in planning more welcoming policies in border regions.
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la trayectoria de los extranjeros con enfermedad renal crónica que buscan tratamiento en el Sistema Único de Salud en un municipio fronterizo. Métodos: investigación cualitativa que realizó entrevistas a trece participantes extranjeros y que utilizó el marco teórico-metodológico del itinerario terapéutico en el análisis de datos. Resultados: los datos empíricos resultaron en siete categorías temáticas que indicaron: poca percepción acerca de la enfermedad; apoyo familiar dificultoso durante el tratamiento; aspectos sociales relacionados con el trabajo, los ingresos y la vivienda como fuente de angustia; búsqueda de tratamientos alternativos; búsqueda de asistencia sanitaria en el extranjero interrumpida por problemas financieros; camino recorrido en busca de asistencia sanitaria en Brasil facilitado por familiares y redes sociales. Consideraciones finales: las asimetrías en los sistemas de salud paraguayo y brasileño impulsan la búsqueda de integración de acciones de salud en la frontera. La identificación de aspectos subjetivos de la asistencia en otro país puede favorecer la planificación de políticas más acogedoras en las regiones fronterizas.
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o percurso de estrangeiros doentes renais crônicos em busca de tratamento no Sistema Único de Saúde em um município fronteiriço. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa com entrevista a treze participantes estrangeiros e análise de dados pautada no referencial teórico-metodológico do itinerário terapêutico. Resultados: os dados empíricos resultaram em sete categorias temáticas que indicaram: pouca percepção da doença; suporte familiar dificultado ao longo do tratamento; aspectos sociais que envolvem trabalho, renda e moradia como fonte de angústia; procura por tratamentos alternativos; busca por assistência à saúde no exterior interrompida por questões financeiras; caminho percorrido à procura de assistência à saúde no Brasil facilitado por familiares e redes sociais. Considerações finais: assimetrias dos sistemas de saúde paraguaio e brasileiro instigam a busca por integração das ações de saúde na fronteira. Identificar aspectos subjetivos da assistência em outro país pode favorecer o planejamento de políticas mais acolhedoras em regiões de fronteira.
RESUMO
High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF AAS) has been applied for the development of a method for the determination of total As in fish oil samples using direct analysis. The method does not use any sample pretreatment, besides dilution with 1-propanole, in order to decrease the oil viscosity. The stability and sensitivity of As were evaluated using ruthenium and iridium as permanent chemical modifiers and palladium added in solution over the sample. The best results were obtained with ruthenium as the permanent modifier and palladium in solution added to samples and standard solutions. Under these conditions, aqueous standard solutions could be used for calibration for the fish oil samples diluted with 1-propanole. The pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were 1400 °C and 2300 °C, respectively, and the limit of detection and characteristic mass were 30 pg and 43 pg, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the method have been evaluated using microwave-assisted acid digestion of the samples with subsequent determination by HR-CS GF AAS and ICP-MS; the results were in agreement (95% confidence level) with those of the proposed method.
Assuntos
Arsênio/análise , Óleos de Peixe/química , Grafite/química , Espectrofotometria Atômica/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Arsênio/química , Calibragem , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Indústrias , Espectrometria de Massas , Temperatura , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
An analytical method for the determination of sulfur, as the tin mono-sulfide (SnS) molecule, in crude oil using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) has been developed. The molecular absorbance of the SnS has been measured using the wavelength at 271.624 nm and the crude oil samples were prepared as micro-emulsions due to their high viscosity. Several chemical modifiers (Ir, Pd, Ru, Zr) were tested and palladium was chosen, because it exhibited the best performance. The heating program was optimized by comparing the pyrolysis and vaporization curves obtained for an aqueous sulfur standard and a micro-emulsion of a crude oil certified reference material (CRM). The optimum pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were found to be 600 and 2000°C, respectively. The limit of detection and the characteristic mass using micro-emulsion analysis of crude oil samples were 5.8 and 13.3 ng S. Accuracy and precision of the method has been evaluated using two crude oil CRM (NIST 2721 and NIST 2722), showing good agreement with the informed or certified values.