The use of peptides for immunodiagnosis of human Chagas disease.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, continues to be a serious public health problem in Latin America, worsened by the limitations in its detection. Given the importance of developing new diagnostic methods for this disease, the present review aimed to verify the number of publications dedicated to research on peptides that demonstrate their usefulness in serodiagnosis. To this end, a bibliographic survey was conducted on the PubMed platform using the keyword "peptide" or "epitope" combined with "Chagas disease" or "Trypanosoma cruzi"; "diagno*" or "serodiagnosis" or "immunodiagnosis", without period restriction. An increasing number of publications on studies employing peptides in ELISA and rapid tests assays was verified, which confirms the expansion of research in this field. It is possible to observe that many of the peptides tested so far originate from proteins widely used in the diagnosis of Chagas, and many of them are part of commercial tests developed. In this sense, as expected, promising results were obtained for several peptides when tested in ELISA, as many of them exhibited sensitivity and specificity values above 90%. Furthermore, some peptides have been tested in several studies, confirming their diagnostic potential. Despite the promising results observed, it is possible to emphasize the need for extensive testing of peptides, using different serological panels, in order to confirm their potential. The importance of producing an effective assay capable of detecting the clinical stages of the disease, as well as new immunogenic antigens that enable new serological diagnostic tools for Chagas disease, is evident.

Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis.

Recombinant multiepitope proteins (RMPs) are a promising alternative for application in diagnostic tests and, given their wide application in the most diverse diseases, this review article aims to survey the use of these antigens for diagnosis, as well as discuss the main points surrounding these antigens. RMPs usually consisting of linear, immunodominant, and phylogenetically conserved epitopes, has been applied in the experimental diagnosis of various human and animal diseases, such as leishmaniasis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, Chagas disease, hepatitis, leptospirosis, leprosy, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and COVID-19. The synthetic genes for these epitopes are joined to code a single RMP, either with spacers or fused, with different biochemical properties. The epitopes' high density within the RMPs contributes to a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The RMPs can also sidestep the need for multiple peptide synthesis or multiple recombinant proteins, reducing costs and enhancing the standardization conditions for immunoassays. Methods such as bioinformatics and circular dichroism have been widely applied in the development of new RMPs, helping to guide their construction and better understand their structure. Several RMPs have been expressed, mainly using the Escherichia coli expression system, highlighting the importance of these cells in the biotechnological field. In fact, technological advances in this area, offering a wide range of different strains to be used, make these cells the most widely used expression platform. RMPs have been experimentally used to diagnose a broad range of illnesses in the laboratory, suggesting they could also be useful for accurate diagnoses commercially. On this point, the RMP method offers a tempting substitute for the production of promising antigens used to assemble commercial diagnostic kits.

Resveratrol Reduces Neuroinflammation and Hippocampal Microglia Activation and Protects Against Impairment of Memory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Experimental Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and postural impairments. However, early brain injury can promote deleterious effects on the hippocampus, impairing memory. This study aims to investigate the effects of resveratrol treatment on memory, anxiety-like behavior, and neuroinflammation markers in rats with CP. Male Wistar rats were subjected to perinatal anoxia (P0-P1) and sensory-motor restriction (P2-P28). They were treated with resveratrol (10 mg/kg, 0.1 ml/100 g) or saline from P3-P21, being divided into four experimental groups: CS (n = 15), CR (n = 15), CPS (n = 15), and CPR (n = 15). They were evaluated in the tests of novel object recognition (NORT), T-Maze, Light-Dark Box (LDB), and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Compared to the CS group, the CPS group has demonstrated a reduced discrimination index on the NORT (p < 0.0001) and alternation on the T-Maze (p < 0.01). In addition, the CPS group showed an increase in permanence time on the dark side in LDB (p < 0.0001) and on the close arms of the EPM (p < 0.001). The CPR group demonstrated an increase in the object discrimination index (p < 0.001), on the alternation (p < 0.001), on the permanence time on the light side (p < 0.0001), and on the open arms (p < 0.001). The CPR group showed a reduction in gene expression of IL-6 (p = 0.0175) and TNF-α (p = 0.0007) and an increase in Creb-1 levels (p = 0.0020). The CPS group showed an increase in the activated microglia and a reduction in cell proliferation in the hippocampus, while CPR animals showed a reduction of activated microglia and an increase in cell proliferation. These results demonstrate promising effects of resveratrol in cerebral palsy behavior impairment through reduced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.

Yoga implications for preventing accidental falls in older adults: a systematic review / Implicações do yoga para prevenção de quedas em idosos: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Studies have shown the importance of healthy habits in older adults, emphasizing physical activity or mobility for a better quality of life and to delay physical degeneration in this population. Yoga is one of several exercises recommended for therapeutic purposes to reduce the risk of falls, a common occurrence in this age group. Objective: To synthesize the existing evidence regarding the effects of yoga on quality of life and physical-functional capacity and its contribution to fall prevention in older people. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in August 2020 on the Medline/Pubmed, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PEDro databases, with no restrictions for language or year of publication. In line with the eligibility criteria, randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials were included. Results: A total of 1,190 articles were found, 18 of which were included for data collection. The average sample size was between 16 and 120 participants, consisting of older individuals of both sexes ranging in age from 62 to 85 years. Conclusion: Regular yoga practice has a beneficial effect on the quality of life and physical-functional capacity of older adults, thereby contributing to fall prevention. However, evidence is still limited and further studies are suggested to better elucidate the scope of the effects of yoga as a therapeutic resource.

Resumo Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado a importância dos hábitos saudáveis em idosos, enfatizando a atividade física ou mobilidade como categoria para uma melhor qualidade de vida nas condições orgânicas e retardo da degeneração física nesse grupo populacional. Dentre diversas atividades físicas, o yoga é conhecido como um dos exercícios indicados e utilizados de forma terapêutica, que pode reduzir o risco de quedas, sendo este um evento prevalente nessa faixa etária. Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências existentes quanto aos efeitos da prática de yoga na qualidade de vida e capacidade físico-funcional que possam contribuir para a prevenção de quedas em idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, cujas buscas foram realizadas em agosto de 2020 nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science e PEDro, sem restrições linguísticas ou de ano de publicação. Seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos estudos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado ou quase randomizado. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1190 artigos, sendo incluídos 18 para a coleta dos dados, os quais tinham como amostra uma média de 16 a 120 participantes, sendo esses idosos de 62 a 85 anos e de ambos os sexos. Conclusão: A prática regular de yoga promove benefícios sobre a qualidade de vida e capacidade físico-funcional de idosos que contribuem para a prevenção de quedas. No entanto as evidências ainda são limitadas e sugerem-se novos estudos para melhor elucidação da abrangência dos efeitos do yoga como recurso terapêutico.

Fatores associados à pré-hipertensão e hipertensão arterial em trabalhadores de saúde que atuam em serviços de alta complexidade / Factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among healthcare workers working in high-complexity services

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à pré-hipertensão e hipertensão arterial entre trabalhadores de saúde que atuam em setores de alta complexidade para pacientes críticos e crônicos. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, transversal com 490 trabalhadores de saúde da macrorregional do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A variável dependente pressão arterial foi categorizada em normal, pré-hipertensão e hipertensão. Para análise múltipla, foi utilizada a Regressão Logística Multinomial. A prevalência da hipertensão arterial foi de 21,8% e da pré-hipertensão foi de 25,9%. As chances de se desenvolver a hipertensão arterial e a pré hipertensão foram maiores nos profissionais do sexo masculino, com idade ≥40 anos, em trabalhadores com vínculo empregatício concursado e naqueles obesos ou com sobrepeso. O uso de medicamento contínuo e o trabalho no turno noturno estiveram associados à hipertensão e pré-hipertensão, respectivamente. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial no grupo de trabalhadores foi menor do que a da população brasileira. São necessários estudos com trabalhadores desse grupo e investimentos em medidas preventivas e que incentivem a mudança para um estilo de vida saudável.

Abstract The objective was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among health workers who work in high-complexity services for critically-ill and chronic patients. An epidemiological, cross-sectional study was carried out with 490 health workers in the macroregional region of Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variable blood pressure (BP) was categorized as normal BP, prehypertension and hypertension. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used for the multiple analysis. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 21.8% and that of prehypertension was 25.9%. The chances of developing arterial hypertension and prehypertension were higher in male professionals, aged ≥40 years, in civil servant workers and those who were obese or overweight. The use of continuous medication and night shift work were associated with hypertension and prehypertension, respectively. The prevalence of arterial hypertension in the group of workers was lower than that of the Brazilian population. It is necessary to carry out studies with workers from this group and investments are required in preventive measures that encourage a change to a healthy lifestyle.

Gênero e a pandemia Covid-19: revisão da produção científica nas ciências da saúde no Brasil / Gender and the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the Brazilian scientific production in health sciences

RESUMO Este artigo analisou a produção científica brasileira do campo das ciências da saúde que incorpora questões de gênero aos estudos sobre a pandemia da Covid-19. A busca pelas publicações foi realizada nas bases bibliográficas da área da saúde; seus resultados foram categorizados em eixos temáticos e, em seguida, analisados. Busca-se não apenas caracterizar como a assimetria de gênero é tratada no campo das ciências da saúde, mas também apreender as repercussões da pandemia apontadas sobre a saúde das mulheres. Elas sofreram duramente com aumento do desemprego, da sobrecarga doméstica, da violência pelos parceiros, dos transtornos emocionais e de sua qualidade de vida mostrando que as ações políticas para o enfrentamento da pandemia, quando não pensadas sob as lentes das desigualdades de gênero, são potencialmente produtoras de maiores vulnerabilidades para grupos já vulneráveis antes da crise sanitária, como é o caso das mulheres, especialmente quando negras, pobres e idosas. Isso inclui a devida qualificação profissional da rede de assistência básica e dos profissionais de saúde no que tange à abordagem de gênero, como notou a literatura aqui revisada.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the Brazilian scientific production in health sciences, which incorporates gender issues into the COVID-19 pandemic studies. We searched for publications in the bibliographic health databases; their results were categorized into thematic axes and then analyzed. Our work does not only aim to characterize how gender asymmetry is addressed in health sciences but also acknowledges the repercussions of the pandemic pointed out on women's health. Women suffered severely from increased unemployment, domestic overload, partner violence, emotional disorders, and their quality of life, showing that political actions to fight the pandemic, when not inspected through the lens of gender inequalities, potentially prompt more significant vulnerabilities for groups already vulnerable before the health crisis, such as women, notably when racialized and poor, which also includes proper professional qualification of the primary care network and health professionals with regards to gender approaches, as noted in the literature reviewed.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 as a countermeasure to muscle and locomotion dysfunctions in experimental cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) associates cerebral function damages with strong locomotor defects and premature sarcopenia. We previously showed that fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) exerts hypertrophic effects on skeletal muscle and improves muscle mass and strength in mouse models with muscle atrophy. Facing the lack of therapeutics to treat locomotor dysfunctions in CP, we investigated whether FGF19 treatment could have beneficial effects in an experimental rat model of CP. METHODS: Cerebral palsy was induced in male Wistar rat pups by perinatal anoxia immediately after birth and by sensorimotor restriction of hind paws maintained until Day 28. Daily subcutaneous injections with recombinant human FGF19 (0.1 mg/kg bw) were performed from Days 22 to 28. Locomotor activity and muscle strength were assessed before and after FGF19 treatment. At Day 29, motor coordination on rotarod and various musculoskeletal parameters (weight of tibia bone and of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles; area of skeletal muscle fibres) were evaluated. In addition, expression of specific genes linked to human CP was measured in rat skeletal muscles. RESULTS: Compared to controls, CP rats had reduced locomotion activity (-37.8% of distance travelled, P < 0.05), motor coordination (-88.9% latency of falls on rotarod, P < 0.05) and muscle strength (-25.1%, P < 0.05). These defects were associated with reduction in soleus (-51.5%, P < 0.05) and EDL (-42.5%, P < 0.05) weight, smaller area of muscle fibres, and with lower tibia weight (-38%, P < 0.05). In muscles from rats submitted to CP, changes in the expression levels of several genes related to muscle development and neuromuscular junctions were similar to those found in wrist muscle of children with CP (increased mRNA levels of Igfbp5, Kcnn3, Gdf8, and MyH4 and decreased expression of Myog, Ucp2 and Lpl). Compared with vehicle-treated CP rats, FGF19 administration improved locomotor activity (+53.2%, P < 0.05) and muscle strength (+25.7%, P < 0.05), and increased tibia weight (+13.8%, P < 0.05) and soleus and EDL muscle weight (+28.6% and +27.3%, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, it reduced a number of very small fibres in both muscles (P < 0.05). Finally, gene expression analyses revealed that FGF19 might counteract the immature state of skeletal muscles induced by CP. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that pharmacological intervention with recombinant FGF19 could restore musculoskeletal and locomotor dysfunction in an experimental CP model, suggesting that FGF19 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to combat the locomotor disorders associated with CP.

Medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados prescritos para idosos atendidos na Atenção Primária / Potentially Inappropriate Medications Prescribed for Assisted Elderly in Primary Care

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o perfil dos medicamentos prescritos para pacientes idosos em atenção primária, buscando a ocorrência de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI), segundo critérios de Beers e fatores associados. O método consistiu em estudo observacional retrospectivo no período de setembro a outubro de 2015, cujos critérios de inclusão foram prescrições de medicamentos de uso contínuo para pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Foram analisadas prescrições de 820 pacientes. A presença de MPI ocorreu em 35,4% das prescrições. Estas apresentaram maior ocorrência para o gênero feminino OR: 1,33 (0,97 - 1,80), pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos OR: 2,36 (1,62 - 3,43) e uso concomitante de 5 ou mais medicamentos OR: 4,74 (3,47 - 6,45). A glibenclamida foi o MPI mais prescrito para os idosos (36,6%), seguido do clonazepam (22,7%) e do ácido acetilsalicílico (10,2%). Assim, faz-se necessária a revisão periódica das listas de medicamentos padronizados, nessas unidades assistenciais, considerando o consenso brasileiro de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para os idosos, bem como investigações sistemáticas, a fim de detectar precocemente e evitar a ocorrência de prescrição de MPI nos grupos de maior vulnerabilidade para que se possa melhorar a qualidade da assistência ofertada.

The objective of the present study was to determine the profile of medications prescribed for elderly patients in primary care, seeking the occurrence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (MPI), according to Beers' criteria and associated factors. The method consisted of a retrospective observational study from September to October in 2015 whose inclusion criteria were prescriptions of continuous medication for patients aged 60 years or older. The prescriptions of 820 patients were analyzed. The presence of MPI occurred in 35.4% of the prescriptions. These had the highest occurrence for the female gender OR: 1.33 (0.97 -1.80), patients aged 80 years and over OR: 2.36 (1.62 - 3.43) and concomitant use of 5 or more drugs OR: 4.74 (3.47-6.45). Glibenclamide was the most prescribed MPI for the elderly (36.6%), followed by clonazepam (22.7%) and acetylsalicylic acid (10.2%) of the prescriptions. Thus, it is necessary to periodically review the lists of standardized drugs in these assistential units, considering the Brazilian consensus on the list of inappropriate drugs for the elderly. As well as systematic investigations, in order to detect early and to prevent the occurrence of MPI prescription in the groups of greater vulnerability so that the quality of the offered assistance can be improved.

Processo patológico do transtorno de ansiedade segundo a literatura digital disponível em português - revisão integrativa / Pathological process of anxiety disorder according to the digital literature available in portuguese - integrative review / Procedimiento patológico del trastorno de ansiedad según la literatura digital en portugués - revisión integradora

Com o objetivo de discutir as possibilidades estratégicas quanto aos processos patológicos que envolvem o transtorno de ansiedade, para embasar os profissionais quanto à ansiedade e aos seus tipos, este estudo configura-se como uma pesquisa de caráter integrativo sistematizado, com uma busca on-line das produções científicas na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando os descritores "Transtorno de ansiedade", "Ansiedade" e "Tratamento da ansiedade", veiculados em periódicos de estratos de A1, A2, B1, B2, B3 e B4, disponíveis para download na íntegra, escritos na língua portuguesa. Os achados identificam que as possibilidades estratégicas perante esse transtorno se dão por duas categorias, a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e o Tratamento Humanizado e Apoio Familiar, sendo este último mais eficaz quando associado ao uso de outros tratamentos para a ansiedade. Ressalta-se a importância de estudos e capacitação para atuar efetivamente na prevenção e no tratamento dessa patologia, além de mais estudos sobre a temática.

With the objective of discussing the strategic possibilities regarding the pathological processes that involve anxiety disorder, to support the professionals about anxiety and its types, this study is configured as a systematized integrative research, with an online search of scientific productions in the Virtual Health Library database, using the descriptors "Anxiety disorder", "Anxiety" and "Anxiety treatment", published in journals of strata of A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, and B4, available for download, written in the Portuguese language. The findings identify that the strategic possibilities for this disorder are given by two categories, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Humanized Treatment and Family Support, the latter being more effective when associated with the use of other treatments for anxiety. The importance of studies and training to effectively act in the prevention and treatment of this pathology is emphasized, as well as more studies on the subject.

Con el objetivo de discutir las posibilidades estratégicas en cuanto a los procesos patológicos que involucran el trastorno de ansiedad, para basar a los profesionales en cuanto a la ansiedad y sus tipos, este estudio se configura como una investigación de carácter integrativo sistematizado, con una búsqueda online de las producciones científicas en la base de datos Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, utilizando los descriptores "Trastorno de ansiedad", "Ansiedad" y "Tratamiento de la ansiedad", publicados en periódicos de estratos de A1, A2, B1, B2, B3 y B4, disponibles para descargar en la base de datos en la íntegra, escritos en portugués. Los hallazgos identifican que las posibilidades estratégicas ante este trastorno se dan por dos categorías, la Terapia Cognitiva Comportamental y el Tratamiento Humanizado y Apoyo Familiar, siendo ese último más eficaz cuándo asociado al uso de otros tratamientos para la ansiedad. Se resalta la importancia de estudios y capacitación para actuar efectivamente en la prevención y tratamiento de esa patología, además de más estudios sobre la temática.

Implementação do Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia adaptado do Get With The Guidelines ® em Hospitais Brasileiros: Desenho do Estudo e Fundamento / Implementation of a Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) Program Adapted from Get With The Guidelines®in Brazilian Public Hospitals: Study Design and Rationale

Resumo Fundamento Existem grandes oportunidades de melhoria da qualidade do cuidado cardiovascular em países em desenvolvimento por meio da implementação de um programa de qualidade. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um programa de Boas Práticas em Cardiologia (BPC) nos indicadores de desempenho e desfechos clínicos dos pacientes relacionados à insuficiência cardíaca, fibrilação atrial e síndromes coronarianas agudas em um subconjunto de hospitais públicos brasileiros. Métodos O programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia (BPC) foi adaptado do programa Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) da American Heart Association (AHA) para ser utilizado no Brasil. O programa está sendo iniciado em três domínios de cuidado simultaneamente (síndrome coronariana aguda, fibrilação atrial e insuficiência cardíaca), o que consiste em uma abordagem nunca testada no GWTG. Existem seis eixos de intervenções utilizadas pela literatura sobre tradução do conhecimento que abordará barreiras locais identificadas por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e reuniões regulares para auditoria e feedback. Planeja-se incluir no mínimo 10 hospitais e 1500 pacientes por doença cardíaca. O desfecho primário inclui as taxas de adesão às medidas de cuidado recomendadas pelas diretrizes. Desfechos secundários incluem o efeito do programa sobre o tempo de internação, mortalidade global e específica, taxas de readmissão, qualidade de vida, percepção do paciente sobre saúde e adesão dos pacientes às intervenções prescritas. Resultados Espera-se, nos hospitais participantes, uma melhoria e a manutenção das taxas de adesão as recomendações baseadas em evidência e dos desfechos dos pacientes. Este é o primeiro programa em melhoria da qualidade a ser realizado na América do Sul, que fornecerá informações importantes de como programas de sucesso originados em países desenvolvidos como os Estados Unidos podem ser adaptados às necessidades de países com economias em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Um programa bem sucedido dará informações valiosas para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoria da qualidade em outros países em desenvolvimento. Conclusões Este estudo de mundo real proverá informações para a avaliação e aumento da adesão às diretrizes de cardiologia no Brasil, bem como a melhora dos processos assistenciais. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):92-99)

Abstract Background There are substantial opportunities to improve the quality of cardiovascular care in developing countries through the implementation of a quality program. Objective To evaluate the effect of a Best Practice in Cardiology (BPC) program on performance measures and patient outcomes related to heart failure, atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes in a subset of Brazilian public hospitals. Methods The Boas Práticas em Cardiologia (BPC) program was adapted from the American Heart Association's (AHA) Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) Program for use in Brazil. The program is being started simultaneously in three care domains (acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation and heart failure), which is an approach that has never been tested within the GWTG. There are six axes of interventions borrowed from knowledge translation literature that will address local barriers identified through structured interviews and regular audit and feedback meetings. The intervention is planned to include at least 10 hospitals and 1,500 patients per heart condition. The primary endpoint includes the rates of overall adherence to care measures recommended by the guidelines. Secondary endpoints include the effect of the program on length of stay, overall and specific mortality, readmission rates, quality of life, patients' health perception and patients' adherence to prescribed interventions. Results It is expected that participating hospitals will improve and sustain their overall adherence rates to evidence-based recommendations and patient outcomes. This is the first such cardiovascular quality improvement (QI) program in South America and will provide important information on how successful programs from developed countries like the United States can be adapted to meet the needs of countries with developing economies like Brazil. Also, a successful program will give valuable information for the development of QI programs in other developing countries. Conclusions This real-world study provides information for assessing and increasing adherence to cardiology guidelines in Brazil, as well as improvements in care processes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Profile and spatial distribution on maternal mortality / Perfil e distribuição espacial da mortalidade materna

Abstract Objectives: to describe profile and spatial distribution on maternal mortality in a city in the North of Minas Gerais-Brazil. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, documentary and quantitative study was carried out in 31 (100%) Fichas de Investigação de Óbito Materno do Comitê de Mortalidade Materna (Maternal Mortality Investigation Data Forms from the Maternal Mortality Committee) from 2009 to 2013. Results: prevalence is observed in women between 20 and 34 years old, mixed race, single and with low schooling. Of the deaths classified, 48.2% are direct obstetric death and 74.2% would be likely avoidable. The most prevalent causes of death were pregnancy-specific hypertensive disease; circulatory system disease; neoplasms; coagulopathies and post-abortion infection. In relation to prenatal care, only 20 women performed it, and most performed less than six prenatal consultations and in relation to the end of gestation, 68.1% underwent cesarean childbirth. Regarding to the descriptive spatial analysis, we identified a higher occurrence of maternal deaths in the areas of medium and high social vulnerability. Conclusions: maternal mortality is a strong indicator of women's healthcare, there is a necessity to readjust women's healthcare in the puerperal pregnancy cycle. New healthcare practices for women are needed, due to the referred bond and responsible care.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever o perfil e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade materna em uma cidade do norte de Minas Gerais-Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, documental e quantitativo, realizado em 31 (100%) das Fichas de Investigação de Óbito Materno do Comitê de Mortalidade Materna do período de 2009 a 2013. Resultados: observa-se predomínio em mulheres entre faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos, raça parda, solteiras e com baixa escolaridade. Da classificação dos óbitos 48,2% são obstétricos diretos e 74,2% seriam provavelmente evitáveis. As causas de óbitos mais prevalentes foram doença hipertensiva específicas da gravidez; doença do aparelho circulatório; neoplasias; coagulopatias e infecção pós-aborto. Em relação ao pré-natal apenas 20 mulheres o realizaram, sendo que a maioria realizou menos que seis consultas de pré-natal e em relação ao término da gestação 68,1% realizaram parto cesáreo. Com relação à análise espacial descritiva identifica-se uma maior ocorrência de óbitos maternos nas áreas de média e alta vulnerabilidade social. Conclusão: a mortalidade materna é um forte indicador da atenção à saúde da mulher, há a necessidade de readequação da assistência a saúde da mulher no ciclo gravídico puerperal. É preciso novas práticas de atenção à saúde da mulher devendo esta ser referenciada no vínculo e na responsabilização dos cuidados.

Estudo Controlado das Alterações Hemodinâmicas Centrais de uma Sessão de Exercício Inspiratório com Diferentes Cargas na Insuficiência Cardíaca / Controlled Study of Central Hemodynamic Changes in Inspiratory Exercise with Different Loads in Heart Failure

Resumo Fundamento A fraqueza muscular inspiratória contribui para a intolerância ao exercício e diminuição da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Estudos com treinamento da musculatura inspiratória demonstram melhora da força muscular inspiratória, da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre a resposta hemodinâmica central (RHC) durante o exercício inspiratório (EI). Objetivo Avaliar a RHC em uma única sessão de EI com diferentes cargas (placebo, 30 e 60%) na insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado placebo-controlado, em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida, classe funcional II e III. Vinte pacientes, com idade de 65±11 anos, completaram uma sessão única de exercício inspiratório, em 3 ciclos de 15 minutos, com washout de 1 hora, envolvendo cargas de 30% (C30), 60% (C60) e placebo, utilizando um resistor de carga linear ( PowerBreathe Light ). O estudo hemodinâmico não invasivo foi realizado por bioimpedância cardiotorácica ( Niccomo™CardioScreen® ). Análise estatística foi feita com o Teste t de Student e a correlação de Pearson, considerado significante p≤0,05. Resultados Foi observado aumento da frequência cardíaca (FC) com a C30 (64±15 vs 69±15 bpm; p=0,005) e C60 (67±14 vs 73±14 bpm, p=0,002). No volume sistólico (VS), observou-se diminuição com a C30 (73±26 vs 64±20 ml; p=0,004). O débito cardíaco (DC) apresentou aumento apenas com a C60 (4,6±1,5 vs 5,3±1,7 l/min; p=-0,001). Conclusão Quando utilizada a carga de 60%, em uma sessão única de EI, foram observadas alterações na RHC. A FC e o DC aumentaram, assim como as escalas de Borg e sensação subjetiva de dispneia. Já a carga de 30% promoveu diminuição do VS. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(4):656-663)

Abstract Background Inspiratory muscle weakness contributes to exercise intolerance and decreased quality of life in patients with heart failure. Studies with inspiratory muscle training show improvement in inspiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life. However, little is known about the central hemodynamic response (CHR) during inspiratory exercise (IE). Objective To evaluate CHR in a single IE session with different loads (placebo, 30% and 60%) in heart failure. Methods Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, functional class II and III. Twenty patients aged 65 ± 11 years completed a single session of inspiratory exercise, in 3 cycles of 15 minutes, with a 1-hour washout, involving loads of 30% (C30), 60% (C60) and placebo, using a linear load resistor (PowerBreathe Light). The noninvasive hemodynamic study was performed by cardiothoracic bioimpedance (Niccomo™ CardioScreen®). Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, and P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results An increase in heart rate (HR) was observed with C30 (64 ± 15 vs 69 ± 15 bpm; p = 0.005) and C60 (67 ± 14 vs 73 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.002). A decrease was observed in systolic volume (SV) with C30 (73 ± 26 vs 64 ± 20 ml; p = 0.004). Cardiac output (CO), on its turn, increased only with C60 (4.6 ± 1.5 vs 5.3 ± 1.7 l/min; p = -0.001). Conclusion When using the 60% load, in a single IE session, changes in CHR were observed. HR and CD increased, as did the Borg scales and subjective sensation of dyspnea. The 30% load reduced the SV. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(4):656-663)

Correction: Despite mutation acquisition in hematopoietic stem cells, JMML-propagating cells are not always restricted to this compartment.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Despite mutation acquisition in hematopoietic stem cells, JMML-propagating cells are not always restricted to this compartment.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare aggressive myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood, initiated by RAS-activating mutations. Genomic analyses have recently described JMML mutational landscape; however, the nature of JMML-propagating cells (JMML-PCs) and the clonal architecture of the disease remained until now elusive. Combining genomic (exome, RNA-seq), Colony forming assay and xenograft studies, we detect the presence of JMML-PCs that faithfully reproduce JMML features including the complex/nonlinear organization of dominant/minor clones, both at diagnosis and relapse. Further integrated analysis also reveals that although the mutations are acquired in hematopoietic stem cells, JMML-PCs are not always restricted to this compartment, highlighting the heterogeneity of the disease during the initiation steps. We show that the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell phenotype is globally maintained in JMML despite overexpression of CD90/THY-1 in a subset of patients. This study shed new lights into the ontogeny of JMML, and the identity of JMML-PCs, and provides robust models to monitor the disease and test novel therapeutic approaches.

Cuidado em saúde mental no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial sob o olhar da família / Cuidado en salud mental en el centro de atención psicosocial bajo la mirada de la familia / Mental health care at the psychosocial care center under the family's look

Objetivo: Discutir o cuidado em saúde mental prestado pela equipe do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial geral a partir dos discursos de familiares, descrevendo as transformações vivenciadas com a mudança ocorrida no modelo de atenção em saúde mental. Métodos: Trata-se de uma investigação descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os familiares que desempenham papel de cuidadores de usuários do serviço. Utilizou-se o genograma e o ecomapa para caracterização das família e suas redes de apoio. A análise dos dados deu-se por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: Os familiares se sentem apoiados e acolhidos no serviço e o reconhecem como forte recurso terapêutico. No entanto, ainda existem muitos limites nos serviços de atenção psicossocial. Conclusão: Diante desse cenário, apresenta-se, como desafio, desenvolver métodos e técnicas práticas capazes de qualificar a assistência aos familiares

Objective: To discuss the mental health care provided by the Psychosocial Care Center team from family discourses, describing the experienced transformations with the change occurred in the model of mental health care. Methods: It is an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the relatives of the service. Data analysis was done using the Thematic Content Analysis technique. Results: Family members feel supported and welcomed at CAPS and they are recognized by professionals as a strong therapeutic resource. During the study, it was observed that the service in which the research was developed is facing difficulties in carrying out specific activities for caregivers. Conclusion: In view of this scenario, it is presented, as a challenge, to develop practical methods and techniques capable of qualifying assistance to the families

Objetivo: Discutir el cuidado en salud mental prestado por el equipo del Centro de Atención Psiosocial general a partir de los discursos de familiares, describiendo las transformaciones vivenciadas con el cambio ocurrido en el modelo de atención en salud mental. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo. Para la recolección de datos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con los familiares que desempeñan papel de cuidadores de usuarios del servicio. Se utilizaron recursos como el genograma y ecomapa para caracterización de la familia y sus redes de apoyo. El análisis de los datos se dio a través del Análisis de Contenido Temático. Resultados: Los familiares se sienten apoyados y acogidos en el servicio y lo reconocen como un fuerte recurso terapéutico. Sin embargo, todavía hay muchos límites servicio de atención psicosocial. Conclusión: Ante este escenario, se presenta, como desafío, desarrollar métodos y técnicas prácticas capaces de calificar la asistencia a los familiares

Effect of Loading Dose of Atorvastatin Prior to Planned Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome: The SECURE-PCI Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effects of loading doses of statins on clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and planned invasive management remain uncertain. Objective: To determine if periprocedural loading doses of atorvastatin decrease 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ACS and planned invasive management. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted at 53 sites in Brazil among 4191 patients with ACS evaluated with coronary angiography to proceed with a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if anatomically feasible. Enrollment occurred between April 18, 2012, and October 6, 2017. Final follow-up for 30-day outcomes was on November 6, 2017. Interventions: Patients were randomized to receive 2 loading doses of 80 mg of atorvastatin (n = 2087) or matching placebo (n = 2104) before and 24 hours after a planned PCI. All patients received 40 mg of atorvastatin for 30 days starting 24 hours after the second dose of study medication. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was MACE, defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unplanned coronary revascularization through 30 days. Results: Among the 4191 patients (mean age, 61.8 [SD, 11.5] years; 1085 women [25.9%]) enrolled, 4163 (99.3%) completed 30-day follow-up. A total of 2710 (64.7%) underwent PCI, 333 (8%) underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and 1144 (27.3%) had exclusively medical management. At 30 days, 130 patients in the atorvastatin group (6.2%) and 149 in the placebo group (7.1%) had a MACE (absolute difference, 0.85% [95% CI, -0.70% to 2.41%]; hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69-1.11; P = .27). No cases of hepatic failure were reported; 3 cases of rhabdomyolysis were reported in the placebo group (0.1%) and 0 in the atorvastatin group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with ACS and planned invasive management with PCI, periprocedural loading doses of atorvastatin did not reduce the rate of MACE at 30 days. These findings do not support the routine use of loading doses of atorvastatin among unselected patients with ACS and intended invasive management. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01448642.

Safety and efficacy of fenproporex for obesity treatment: a systematic review / Segurança e eficácia do fenproporex para tratamento da obesidade: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of fenproporex for treating obesity. METHODS MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched as well as references cited by articles and relevant documents. Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion and regarding risk of bias, collected data, and accuracy. Eligible studies were all those placebo-controlled that provided data on the efficacy and safety of Fenproporex to treat obesity. RESULTS Only four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria. One randomized, placebo-controlled trial on Fenproporex was found on electronic databases. Three placebo-controlled studies (in non-indexed journals) were identified by hand-searching. Patients with cardiovascular and other comorbidities were excluded in all studies. Trials lasted from 40 to 364 days and doses ranged from 20 to 33.6 mg/d. All controlled studies found that weight loss among Fenproporex-treated patients was greater than that produced by the placebo, but drug effect was modest. Fenproporex produced additional weight reductions of 4.7 kg (one year), 3.8 kg (six months) and 1.55 kg (two months) in average, in relation to diet and exercise only (three trials). Insomnia, irritability, and anxiety were the most frequently reported side effects in the four studies. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of randomized, placebo-controlled trials on Fenproporex and those identified here present major methodological flaws. These studies suggest that Fenproporex is modestly effective in promoting weight loss. Nonetheless, they failed to provide evidence that it reduces obesity-associated morbidity and mortality. Data from these studies are insufficient to determine the risk-benefit profile of Fenproporex. Abuse potential and amphetamine-like adverse effects are causes for concern.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a evidência clínica de segurança e eficácia do Fenproporex para tratamento da obesidade. MÉTODOS Pesquisamos publicações em qualquer idioma nas bases Medline, Lilacs Cochrane Controlled Trials Register e também referências citadas por artigos e documentos relevantes. Dois autores avaliaram independentemente os estudos para inclusão e quanto ao risco de viés, dados coletados e precisão. Foram elegíveis estudos controlados com placebo que forneceram dados sobre a eficácia e segurança do Fenproporex para tratar a obesidade. RESULTADOS Apenas quatro estudos controlados preencheram critérios de inclusão. Um estudo placebo-controlado aleatorizado do Fenproporex foi encontrado nas bases eletrônicas. Três estudos controlados (em periódicos não indexados) foram identificados por buscas manuais. Pacientes com comorbidades (cardiovasculares ou outras) foram excluídos em todos os estudos. A duração dos estudos foi de 40 a 364 dias, com doses de 20 a 33,6 mg/d. Todos os estudos controlados encontraram maior perda de peso entre pacientes tratados com Fenproporex, comparados aos que receberam placebo, mas o efeito foi modesto. O Fenproporex causou reduções adicionais de peso de 4,7 kg (após um ano), 3,8 kg (após seis meses) e 1,55 kg (após dois meses), em média, em relação à dieta e exercício apenas (três ensaios). Insônia, irritabilidade e ansiedade foram os eventos colaterais mais frequentes nos quatro estudos. CONCLUSÕES Ensaios clínicos placebo-controlado aleatorizado do Fenproporex são escassos e os estudos controlados identificados apresentam importantes falhas metodológicas. Esses estudos sugerem que o Fenproporex é modestamente eficaz em promover perda de peso. Entretanto, eles não fornecem evidências de que o Fenproporex atenua a morbidade e mortalidade associada à obesidade. Esses estudos são insuficientes para avaliar o perfil risco-benefício do Fenproporex. Potencial de abuso e efeitos adversos do tipo anfetamínico são motivos de preocupação.