Aspects related to biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant yeasts of the genus Trichosporon.

Trichosporonosis corresponds to a systemic fungal disease that leads to high mortality rates and is frequently associated with medical devices. It affects immunosuppressed patients in particular and is strongly linked to acquired human immunodeficiency, organ and tissue transplants, and malignant hematologic diseases such as leukemia and lymphomas. Trichosporon infections have been increasingly reported worldwide; however, little information is available either about their characteristics or the causative microorganism. Thus, the aims of the present study were: to investigate 59 yeasts of the genus Trichosporon by verifying the biofilm formation capacity of isolates; to analyze the susceptibility patterns of planktonic cells against the antifungals fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin-B, voriconazole, and caspofungin by comparing European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution technique with the commercial method Etest; and to assess the susceptibility patterns of biofilm cells (sessile) against the same antifungals through broth microdilution. The ability to form biofilm on the surface of polystyrene plates was noted for all isolates, and 54.3% of samples were considered strong producers. Comparison between the antifungal susceptibility techniques evidenced that Etest showed higher and discordant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from those obtained by the microdilution method, especially for fluconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin. Considering the susceptibility of biofilms, most species had high MIC50 and MIC90 against the tested antifungals, showing 4-to-66-fold higher concentrations for amphotericin B and 2-to-33-fold greater concentrations for caspofungin. These results highlight the importance of further studies with Trichosporon spp. for comparison between laboratory findings and in vivo response, considering both the susceptibility tests and the behavior of biofilm cells against drugs.

This study investigated 59 isolates of the medically important yeast Trichosporon in relation to their ability to form biofilms and the susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal agents. All isolates were able to produce biofilms and biofilms showed lower antifungal susceptibility.

Formação docente em educação física: diálogos entre arte, cultura e estética / Teacher training in physical education: dialogues between art, culture and aesthetics / Formación del profesorado en educación física: diálogos entre arte, cultura y estética

Resumo Este ensaio propõe problematizar outras formas de pensar os processos de formação e a constituição da docência de professores de Educação Física que atuam nos diferentes níveis de ensino. Busca traçar entrelaçamento e diálogo interseccionais entre três campos: Arte, Cultura e Educação Física, com vistas a trazer novas perspectivas à formação e ao trabalho docente. Reflete a arte, a cultura e as experiências estéticas como potencialidades capazes de provocar o docente a lançar mão, em sua formação e na docência, de criações e objetivações estratégicas para lidar com o conhecimento e com o cotidiano escolar.

Abstract This essay proposes to problematize other ways of thinking about the training processes and the constitution of the teaching of Physical Education teachers who work at different levels of education. It seeks to trace interweaving and intersectional dialogue among three fields: Art, Culture, and Physical Education, to bring new perspectives to teacher training and teaching work in early childhood education. It reflects art, culture and aesthetic experiences as potentialities capable of provoking teachers to make use, in their training and teaching, of strategic creations and objectifications to deal with knowledge and school daily life.

Resumen El presente ensayo propone problematizar otras maneras de pensar los procesos de formación y la constitución de la docencia del profesorado de Educación Física que actua en la educación en diferentes niveles educativos. Intenta trazar entrelazamiento y diálogo interseccionales entre tres campos: Arte, Cultura y Educación Física, con objetivo de traer nuevas perspectivas a la formación y al trabajo docente. Reflexiona el arte, la cultura y las experiencias estéticas como potencialidades capaces de provocar el docente a lanzar mano, en su formación y en la docencia, de creaciones y objetivaciones estratégicas para trabajar con el conocimiento y con el cotidiano escolar.

Outbreak of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at a Portuguese university hospital: Epidemiological characterization and containment measures.

Background: KPC-producing K pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) is a public health problem with important clinical and epidemiological implications. We describe an outbreak of KPC-Kp at vascular surgery and neurosurgery wards in a central hospital in Porto, Portugal. Methods: A case of KPC-Kp was considered to be a patient positive for KPC-Kp with strong epidemiological plausibility of having acquired this microorganism in the affected wards and/or with genetic relationship ≥92% between KPC-Kp isolates. Active surveillance cultures (ASCs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for the detection of carbapenemase genes through rectal swab in a selected population. Molecular analysis was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis at the National Reference Laboratory. Patient risk factors were collected from the electronic medical record system. Information regarding outbreak containment strategy was collected from the Infection Control Unit records. Results: Of the 16 cases, 11 (69%) were identified through active screening, representing 1.4% of the total 766 ASCs collected. The most frequent risk factors identified were previous admission (63%), antibiotic exposure in the past 6 months (50%), and immunodepression (44%). The length of stay until KPC-Kp detection was high (0-121 days, mean 35.6), as was the total length of stay (5-173 days, mean 56.6). Three patients (19%) were infected by KPC-Kp, 2 of whom died. One previously colonized patient died later because of KPC-Kp infection. Conclusions: Multifactorial strategy based on contact precautions (with patient and healthcare professional cohorts) and ASC, as well as Antibiotic Stewardship Program reinforcement, allowed to contain this KPC-Kp outbreak.

TRYPANOSOMA spp. in captive primates in a brazilian zoo

Captive animals, despite the constant care provided, are susceptible to infections from different sources. We herein report the natural trypanosome infection of 11 (28.2% positive) out of 39 non-human primates from 13 different species, in a Brazilian zoological park. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) ruled out Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. However, sequencing performed with positive samples employing hsp70 primers revealed similarities from 86% to 88% to diverse trypanosomes, including T. cruzi, Trypanosoma grayi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma vivax. We believe that the low similarity values obtained by sequencing reflect the difficulties in the molecular identification of trypanosomes, which share a large portion of their genetic material; this similarity may also preclude the diagnosis of co-infection by more than one trypanosome species. Thus, our study demonstrates the presence of diverse trypanosomes in primates, which are susceptible to infection by these parasites. Mechanical devices such as windows and bed nets, etc., are required to avoid vector insects in these environments, in addition to preventive quarantining of animals recently introduced into zoos. Therefore, investigation of the parasites in both the animals already residing in the zoo and those being introduced is of paramount importance, although no easy task.

Angiotensin-(1-7), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Mas Receptor in Rat Polycystic Ovaries.

BACKGROUND: Hyperandrogenism is a pivotal mediator in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the mechanisms of androgen excess in this condition are not fully understood. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is an active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that stimulates ovarian follicular growth and testosterone release in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Ang-(1-7), its receptor Mas and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the enzyme that converts Ang II into Ang-(1-7), are expressed in rat polycystic ovaries (PCO) and thus if this peptide system might be associated with excess androgen production in PCO. METHODS: A rat model that shares some features of PCOS such as disruption of folliculogenesis and multiple ovarian cyst formation was used in the study. RESULTS: We found reduced levels of Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor in PCO compared to normal ovaries. Also, ACE2 mRNA expression was reduced in PCO compared to ovaries of control rats (p < 0.05). PCO had high levels of estrogen and testosterone and increased mRNA for upstream enzymes of the steroidogenic cascade, but not of P450 aromatase. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the ovarian ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis is inhibited and therefore may not be a co-factor of excess testosterone production in rat PCO.

Proteomics characterization of Staphylococcus spp. from goat mastitis and phenogeno-typical assessment of resistance to beta-lactamics

ABSTRACT: Mastitis occupies a prominent place among the diseases that affect dairy herds due to economic problems and public health. Staphylococcus spp. are infectious agents more involved in the etiology of caprine mastites, especially coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Nineteen isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were obtained from subclinical caprine mastitis. All isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, being 47.36% (9/19) identified for S. epidermidis, 15.78% (3/19) for S. warneri, 10.52% (2/19) for S. aureus and S. caprae and 5.26% (1/19) for S. lugdunensis, S. simulans, and S. cohnii. All isolates characterized by MALDI-TOF were subjected a to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 16S rRNA gene of Staphylococcus spp. to confirm the gender. After determining the species, tests for phenotypic detection of resistance to beta-lactams were carried out simple disk diffusion oxacillin, cefoxitin, penicillin G and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, agar screen oxacillin and microdilution (MIC) cefoxitin. The disk diffusion test showed a strength of 58% (11/19) for penicillin G, 26.31% (5/19) for cefoxitin and 26.31% (5/19) for oxacillin. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and agar screen oxacillin. In the MIC, 63.15% (12/19) of the samples were cefoxitin resistant (MIC >4.0g/ml). Then isolates were subjected to detection of the mecA resistance genes and regulators (mecl and mecRI), mecC and blaZ. Two samples of Staphylococcus epidermidis had the mecA gene. All isolates were negative for the mecA gene variant, mecl, mecRI, mecC and blaZ. These findings reinforce the importance of this group of microorganisms in the etiology of subclinical mastitis in goats and open perspectives for future research to investigate the epidemiology of the disease.

RESUMO: A mastite ocupa lugar de destaque entre as doenças que acometem o rebanho leiteiro, em virtude de problemas econômicos e de saúde pública. Staphylococcus spp. são os agentes infecciosos mais envolvidos na etiologia das mastites caprinas, principalmente Staphylococcus coagulase negativo. Dezenove isolados de Staphylococcus spp. foram obtidos a partir de mastite caprina subclínica. Todos os isolados foram caracterizados por MALDI-TOF MS, sendo 47,36% (9/19) identificadas como S. epidermidis, 15,78%(3/19) como S. warneri, 10,52% (2/19) como S. caprae e S. aureus e 5,26% (1/19) tanto para S. lugdunensis, como para S. simulans e S. cohnii. Todos os isolados caracterizados pelo MALDI-TOF foram submetidos a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para o gene 16rRNA de Staphylococcus spp. para a confirmação do gênero. Após a determinação da espécie, foram realizadas as provas para a detecção fenotípica de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos: difusão em disco simples de oxacilina, cefoxitina, penicilina G e amoxacilina +ácido clavulânico, ágar screen de oxacilina e microdiluição em caldo (MIC) de cefoxitina. O teste de difusão em disco demonstrou resistência de 58% (11/19) para penicilina G, 26,31% (5/19) para cefoxitina e 26,31% (5/19) para oxacilina. Todas as amostras foram sensíveis a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico e ao ágar screen de oxacilina. Pelo MIC, 63,15% (12/19) das amostras foram resistentes a cefoxitina (MIC >4,0g/ml). Em seguida os isolados foram submetidos a detecção dos genes de resistência mecA e seus reguladores (mecl e mecRI), mecC e blaZ. Duas amostras de S. epidermidis apresentaram o gene mecA. Todos os isolados foram negativos para a variante do gene mecA, mecl, mecRI, mecC e blaZ. Tais achados reforçam a importância deste grupo de microrganismos na etiologia da mastite subclínica em caprinos e abre perspectivas para futuras pesquisas para a investigação da epidemiologia da doença.

Mycoplasma spp. in captive snakes (Boa constrictor and Bothrops atrox) from Brazil / Mycoplasma spp. em cobras de cativeiro (Boa constrictor e Bothrops atrox) do Brasil

ABSTRACT: Although rare, mycoplasmas are included among the causes of respiratory diseases in reptiles and, in the order Squamata, three reports of these microorganisms causing diseases in pythons have already been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasma species in captive snakes. A total of 26 snakes of the families Pythonidae (13), Boidae (7), Viperidae (5) and Colubridae (1) from RioZoo, Brazil, were evaluated. Animals were examined to determine clinical signs consistent with any infectious disease. Tracheal swab samples from snakes were collected in Frey medium and analyzed for the presence of Mycoplasma spp.by isolation and a genus-specific PCR. DNA sequencing analyses of six positive samples by PCR were carried out to identify the species. Using isolation 19.23% (5/26) was positive, while 65.38% (17/26) of the animals were positive by PCR. Based on the analyses of the six sequences obtained, there was similarity with a Mycoplasma spp. previously described in a phyton and, M. agassizii and M. testudineum reported in chelonians. This is the first report of Mycoplasma spp. in animals of the families Boidae and Viperidae. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in snakes with and without clinical signs. The mycoplasmas reported resented identity (range, 95% to 100%) to others already described in reptiles. There was no relationship between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and clinical signs.

RESUMO: Embora raros, os micoplasmas estão incluídos entre as causas de doenças respiratórias em répteis e, na ordem Squamata, já foram realizados três relatos destes microrganismos causando doença em pítons. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de espécies de Mycoplasma em serpentes em cativeiro. Foram avaliadas 26 serpentes das famílias Pythonidae (13), Boidae (7), Viperidae (5) e Colubridae (1) do RioZoo, Brasil. Os animais foram examinados para determinar sinais clínicos consistentes com qualquer doença infecciosa. Amostras de swab traqueal de cobras foram coletadas em meio Frey e analisadas por isolamento microbiológico e pela técnica da PCR para identificar Mycoplasma spp. As amostras positivas para o gênero Mycoplasma spp. foram submetidas ao sequenciamento genético para identificação das espécies. No isolamento, 19,23% (5/26) foram positivos, enquanto 65,38% (17/26) dos animais foram positivos por PCR. Com base nas análises das seis sequências obtidas, houve similaridade com o Mycoplasma spp. descrito anteriormente em um píton e M. agassizii e M. testudineum encontrados em quelônios. Este é o primeiro relato de Mycoplasma spp. em animais das famílias Boidae e Viperidae. Mycoplasma spp. foi detectado em serpentes com e sem sinais clínicos. Os micoplasmas encontrados apresentaram semelhança genética com outros já descritos em répteis. Não houve relação entre a presença de Mycoplasma spp. e sinais clínicos.

Proteomics characterization of Staphylococcus spp. from goat mastitis and phenogeno-typical assessment of resistance to beta-lactamics / Caracterização proteômica de Staphylococcus spp. oriundos de mastite caprina e avaliação fenogenotípica da resistência aos beta-lactâmicos

Mastitis occupies a prominent place among the diseases that affect dairy herds due to economic problems and public health. Staphylococcus spp. are infectious agents more involved in the etiology of caprine mastites, especially coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Nineteen isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were obtained from subclinical caprine mastitis. All isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, being 47.36% (9/19) identified for S. epidermidis, 15.78% (3/19) for S. warneri, 10.52% (2/19) for S. aureus and S. caprae and 5.26% (1/19) for S. lugdunensis, S. simulans, and S. cohnii. All isolates characterized by MALDI-TOF were subjected a to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 16S rRNA gene of Staphylococcus spp. to confirm the gender. After determining the species, tests for phenotypic detection of resistance to beta-lactams were carried out simple disk diffusion oxacillin, cefoxitin, penicillin G and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, agar "screen" oxacillin and microdilution (MIC) cefoxitin. The disk diffusion test showed a strength of 58% (11/19) for penicillin G, 26.31% (5/19) for cefoxitin and 26.31% (5/19) for oxacillin. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and agar "screen" oxacillin. In the MIC, 63.15% (12/19) of the samples were cefoxitin resistant (MIC >4.0μg/ml). Then isolates were subjected to detection of the mecA resistance genes and regulators (mecl and mecRI), mecC and blaZ. Two samples of Staphylococcus epidermidis had the mecA gene. All isolates were negative for the mecA gene variant, mecl, mecRI, mecC and blaZ. These findings reinforce the importance of this group of microorganisms in the etiology of subclinical mastitis in goats and open perspectives for future research to investigate the epidemiology of the disease.(AU)

A mastite ocupa lugar de destaque entre as doenças que acometem o rebanho leiteiro, em virtude de problemas econômicos e de saúde pública. Staphylococcus spp. são os agentes infecciosos mais envolvidos na etiologia das mastites caprinas, principalmente Staphylococcus coagulase negativo. Dezenove isolados de Staphylococcus spp. foram obtidos a partir de mastite caprina subclínica. Todos os isolados foram caracterizados por MALDI-TOF MS, sendo 47,36% (9/19) identificadas como S. epidermidis, 15,78%(3/19) como S. warneri, 10,52% (2/19) como S. caprae e S. aureus e 5,26% (1/19) tanto para S. lugdunensis, como para S. simulans e S. cohnii. Todos os isolados caracterizados pelo MALDI-TOF foram submetidos a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para o gene 16rRNA de Staphylococcus spp. para a confirmação do gênero. Após a determinação da espécie, foram realizadas as provas para a detecção fenotípica de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos: difusão em disco simples de oxacilina, cefoxitina, penicilina G e amoxacilina +ácido clavulânico, ágar "screen" de oxacilina e microdiluição em caldo (MIC) de cefoxitina. O teste de difusão em disco demonstrou resistência de 58% (11/19) para penicilina G, 26,31% (5/19) para cefoxitina e 26,31% (5/19) para oxacilina. Todas as amostras foram sensíveis a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico e ao ágar "screen" de oxacilina. Pelo MIC, 63,15% (12/19) das amostras foram resistentes a cefoxitina (MIC >4,0μg/ml). Em seguida os isolados foram submetidos a detecção dos genes de resistência mecA e seus reguladores (mecl e mecRI), mecC e blaZ. Duas amostras de S. epidermidis apresentaram o gene mecA. Todos os isolados foram negativos para a variante do gene mecA, mecl, mecRI, mecC e blaZ. Tais achados reforçam a importância deste grupo de microrganismos na etiologia da mastite subclínica em caprinos e abre perspectivas para futuras pesquisas para a investigação da epidemiologia da doença.(AU)

Leptospirosis diagnosis among patients suspected of dengue fever in Brazil

The early symptoms of leptospirosis and dengue fever are difficult to distinguish and can cause diagnostic confusion. Due to the large dengue epidemics that has occurred in Brazil in recent years, it is possible that cases of leptospirosis were unreported. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to detect leptospirosis in patients who were tested for dengue, but whose laboratory diagnoses were negative. Methods: Sera samples from 2,017 patients from 48 cities located in the central region of São Paulo state, Brazil, were studied. All samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), 305 of which were taken from patients five days or less since the onset of symptoms, and were additionally subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The overall prevalence of leptospirosis cases was 21 (1.04%), with 20 through MAT (18 for Icterohaemorrhagiae and two for the Cynopteri serogroup) and one through PCR (amplicon sequencing compatible with Leptospira interrogans). According to previously established criteria, eight cases of leptospirosis were classified as "confirmed" and 13 as "probable". The Brazilian notification system for health surveillance had no records for 16 patients positive for leptospirosis and, thus, they were considered unreported cases. Statistical analyses revealed that the prevalence of leptospirosis was higher in men (1.56%) than in women (0.56%), and the mean age was higher in positive patients (43.7 years) than in negative ones (32.3 years). Conclusion: The results indicated that patients suspected of dengue fever had evidence of leptospirosis or Leptospira infection, and most of these cases were unreported in the Brazilian notification system. The high burden of dengue may contribute to the misdiagnosis of leptospirosis, and health professionals should increase their awareness of leptospirosis as an important differential diagnosis of patients with suspicion of dengue.(AU)

Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp. in raw kibbeh and other meat samples commercialized in Botucatu, Southeastern Brazil / Caracterização molecular de Toxoplasma gondii e Sarcocystis spp. em amostras de quibe cru e de outras carnes comercializadas em Botucatu, Região Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract Toxoplasmosis occurs worldwide causing economic losses to the animal production and problems to the public health. The study aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp.in 141 meat products from commercial meat cuts of pork, beef, and kibbeh sold in commercial markets from Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Samples were bioassayed in mice to isolate the parasite, and the parasite DNA detected by PCR targeting the 529 base pairs repeat element region (PCR-529-bp). All samples resulted negative on bioassay, whereas PCR positive for 9 (6,38%), distributed as 5/48 beef, 3/49 pork, and 1/44 kibbeh. PCR-positive were investigated for the the parasite genotype using multiplex-, nested-, and RFLP-PCR for 11 markers (SAG1, 5'-3'SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, B-TUB, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1, Apico). Complete genotype was determined on just one PCR-positive sample that matched MAS, TgCkBr89 and TgCkBr147 isolates already identified. In addition, nested- and RFLP-PCR targeting 18S rRNA was run for all PCR-positive samples and, the products, sequenced and aligned to the GenBank at NCBI website. Four samples showed 100% homology with T. gondii (GenBank #L37415.1), three with Sarcocystis hominis (GenBank #AF006471.1), two Sarcocystis cruzi (GenBank #AF176934.1), and one Sarcocystis hirsuta (GenBank #AF006469.1), indicating the circulation of T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp.

Resumo A toxoplasmose está mundialmente distribuída e causa perdas na produção animal e problemas de saúde pública. Objetivou-se detectar Toxoplasma gondii e Sarcocystis spp. em 141 produtos cárneos de origem suína (49), bovina (48) e de quibe cru (44), comercializados em mercados de Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Realizou-se bioensaio das amostras em camundongos para isolamento do parasita, e detecção do DNA pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase, tendo como alvo a região do elemento repetitivo de 529 pares de bases (PCR-529-bp). Todas as amostras foram negativas ao bioensaio e 9 (6,38%) positivas à PCR, sendo 5/48 bovinas, 3/49 suínas e 1/44 quibe. Determinou-se a genotipagem das amostras positivas pela multiplex-, nested- e RFLP-PCR com 11 marcadores (SAG1, 5'-3'SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, B-TUB, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1, Apico). Obteve-se genótipo completo em uma amostra, semelhante a outros já identificados (MAS, TgCkBr89 e TgCkBr147). Nested- e RFLP-PCR do gene 18S rRNA das amostras positivas à PCR foram realizadas, e os produtos da nested-PCR, sequenciados e alinhados com dados do GenBank no NCBI. Quatro apresentaram 100% de homologia com T. gondii (L37415.1), duas Sarcocystis hominis (AF006471.1), duas Sarcocystis cruzi (AF176934.1), uma Sarcocystis hirsuta (AF006469.1), indicando a circulação de T. gondii e Sarcocystis spp.

Localization of angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor in the rat ovary throughout the estrous cycle.

We have previously demonstrated the presence of Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) in rat ovary homogenates and its stimulatory effect on estradiol and progesterone production. The present study was undertaken to identify the cellular localization of Ang-(1-7) and its receptor Mas in the rat ovary in the different phases of the estrous cycle. Ang-(1-7) and Mas were localized by immunohistochemistry and Mas mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Immunostaining for both Ang-(1-7) and Mas was found in all phases of the estrous cycle, particularly in the thecal and interstitial cells, as well as in regressing corpora lutea. However, granulosa cells were positive only in antral and preovulatory follicles at proestrus and estrus phases. This pattern contrasted with the distribution of the octapeptide Ang II, which was abundant in granulosa but not in theca cells. In addition, the expression of Mas mRNA was demonstrated in all estrous cycle phases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity did not vary between estrous cycle phases, whereas prolyl endopeptidase activity was significantly higher in diestrus and neutral endopeptidase activity was significantly higher in metestrus. These data provide the first evidence that new RAS components are dynamically expressed in the ovary across the rat estrous cycle. Further functional studies should clarify the role of Ang-(1-7) signaling through Mas receptor in the regulation of ovarian physiology.

Atitude dos enfermeiros gestores face à morte: repercussões da pandemia por COVID-19 / Nursing managers' attitudes towards death: repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic / Actitudes de los gerentes de enfermería ante la muerte: repercusiones de la pandemia COVID-19

Objetivo: analisar as atitudes dos enfermeiros gestores face à morte, antes e após o período crítico da pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e comparativo, realizado em uma instituição hospitalar do Norte de Portugal. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de questionário, que integrava a Escala de Avaliação do Perfil de Atitudes acerca da Morte, em dois momentos. O primeiro ocorreu em 2018, com participação de 28 enfermeiros gestores, e o segundo, em 2020, com 21 enfermeiros gestores. Resultados: globalmente, os participantes manifestaram maior concordância com as atitudes "aceitação neutral/neutralidade" e "medo". Embora algumas das cinco dimensões das atitudes não tenham apresentado diferenças significativas entre o primeiro e segundo momento, constatou-se que em relação à "aceitação como aproximação", a média obtida no momento, após o período crítico da pandemia por COVID-19, foi superior. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados emerge a importância de se investir na preparação dos enfermeiros gestores para lidar com a morte e o processo de morrer, com uma dupla intencionalidade: minimizar o seu sofrimento e assegurar a otimização do acompanhamento e apoio aos enfermeiros da equipe que lidera.

Objective: to analyze the attitudes of nurse managers towards death, before and after the critical period of the pandemic by COVID-19. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study, carried out in a hospital in Northern Portugal. Data collection occurred through a questionnaire, that integrated the Attitude Profile Assessment Scale about Death, in two stages. The first occurred in 2018, with the participation of 28 nurse managers, and the second, in 2020, with 21 nurse managers. Results: globally, the participants showed greater agreement with the attitudes of "neutral acceptance/neutrality" and "fear". Although some of the five dimensions of attitudes did not show significant differences between the first and second moments, it was found that in relation to "acceptance as approximation", the average obtained at the moment, after the critical period of the pandemic by COVID-19, was superior. Conclusion: from the results emerges the importance of investing in the preparation of nurse managers to deal with death and the process of dying, with a double intention: to minimize their suffering and ensure the optimization of monitoring and support to the nurses of the team that leads.

Objetivo: analizar las actitudes de los gerentes de enfermería hacia la muerte, antes y después del período crítico de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y comparativo, realizado en un hospital del norte de Portugal. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario, que integró el Escala de Evaluación del Perfil de Actitud sobre la Muerte, en dos etapas. El primero ocurrió en 2018, con la participación de 28 gerentes de enfermería, y el segundo, en 2020, con 21 gerentes de enfermería. Resultados: globalmente, los participantes mostraron mayor acuerdo con las actitudes de "aceptación neutral/neutralidad" y "miedo". Si bien algunas de las cinco dimensiones de las actitudes no mostraron diferencias significativas entre el primer y segundo momento, se encontró que en relación a la "aceptación como aproximación", el promedio obtenido en el momento, luego del período crítico de la pandemia por COVID-19, fue superior. Conclusión: de los resultados surge la importancia de invertir en la preparación de los gerentes de enfermería para afrontar la muerte y el proceso de morir, con una doble intención: minimizar su sufrimiento y asegurar la optimización del seguimiento y acompañamiento a los enfermeros del equipo que lideran.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from swine and broiler chickens / Caracterização fenotípica e molecular da resistência à eritromicina em cepas de Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli isoladas de suínos e frangos de corte

Campylobacter spp. is a bacterial agent that causes gastroenteritis in humans and may trigger Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and is also considered one of the main foodborne diseases in developed countries. Poultry and pigs are considered reservoirs of these microorganisms, as well as raw or undercooked by-products are often incriminated as a source of human infection. Treatment in human cases is with macrolide, such erythromycin, that inhibits the protein synthesis of the microorganism. This study aimed to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from intestinal content samples of broiler chickens (n=20) and swine (n=30) to characterize the erythromycin resistance profile of the strains and to detect molecular mechanisms involved in this resistance. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution. The Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay-Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAMA-PCR) was performed to detect mutations at positions 2074 and 2075 of 23S rRNA region, in addition to PCR test to detect the erm(B) gene. From the intestinal content of broiler chickens, 18 strains of C. jejuni and two strains of C. coli were isolated, whereas, from swine samples, no C. jejuni strain and 14 strains of C. coli were isolated. All C. coli strains were resistant, and three C. jejuni strains from broilers chickens were characterized with intermediate resistance to erythromycin. The MIC of the strains ranged from ≤0.5mg/μL to ≥128mg/μL. All resistant strains had the A2075G mutation, and one strain with intermediate resistance had the A2075G mutation. However, the A2074C mutation and the erm(B) gene were not detected. High resistance levels were detected in C. coli strains isolated from swine. The MAMA-PCR is a practical tool for detecting the erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter strains.(AU)

Campylobacter spp. é um agente bacteriano causador de gastroenterite em humanos e associado à síndrome de Guillain-Barré, sendo a campilobacteriose considerada uma das principais enfermidades de origem alimentar. Aves e suínos são importantes reservatórios desses microrganismos e seus produtos derivados crus ou mal cozidos são muitas vezes incriminados como fonte de infecção humana. A primeira escolha para o tratamento em casos humanos são os antimicrobianos da classe dos macrolídeos como à eritromicina. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi isolar Campylobacter jejuni e C. coli a partir de 20 amostras de conteúdo intestinal de frangos de corte e de 30 de suínos ao abate e investigar a resistência à eritromicina das estirpes obtidas e os possíveis mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nesta resistência. A concentração inibitória mínima foi determinada pela diluição em ágar e a técnica MAMA-PCR foi utilizada para detecção de mutações nas posições 2074 e 2075 da região 23s rRNA, foi pesquisado também a presença do gene erm(B) pela PCR. A partir do conteúdo intestinal de frangos de corte foram isoladas 18 estirpes de C. jejuni e duas de C. coli, enquanto de suínos foram obtidas 14 estirpes de C. coli e nenhuma estirpe de C. jejuni. Todas as estirpes de C. coli de suínos foram identificadas como resistentes e três estirpes de C. jejuni de frangos foram caracterizadas com resistência intermediária. A CIM das estirpes variou de ≤0,5mg/μL a ≥128mg/μL. Todas as estirpes resistentes tinham a mutação A2075G e uma cepa com resistência intermediária também apresentou a mutação A2075G. Não foi detectada a mutação A2074C ou a presença do gene erm(B) em nenhuma das estirpes obtidas. Os resultados revelam um alto nível de resistência em estirpes de C. coli isoladas de suínos frente a eritromicina. A técnica MAMA PCR utilizada se constitui em uma ferramenta prática para detecção da resistência à eritromicina em estirpes de C. jejuni e C. coli.(AU)

Quinolones resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from broilers and chickens carcasses under federal inspection / Resistência à quinolonas em Salmonella spp. isoladas de frangos vivos e carcaças sob inspeção federal

We analyzed 77 Salmonella spp. strains, from which 20 were isolated from broilers (cloacal swabs) and 57 from chickens from slaughterhouses under federal inspection. The following serotypes were identified: Salmonella Saint Paul (29), Salmonella Heidelberg (27), Salmonella Anatum (9), Salmonella Cerro (5), Salmonella Senftenberg (5), Salmonella enterica (O: 4,5) (1) and Salmonella enterica (O: 9.12) (1). Fifteen strains (19.5%) were resistant to enrofloxacin, six (7.8%) to ciprofloxacin, and 26 (33.8%) to nalidixic acid in the Disk Diffusion Test. The fifteen enrofloxacin resistant strains were selected for the PCR to detect the genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, and genetic sequencing to identify mutations in these genes. Five strains (33.3%) had point mutations in the gyrA gene, and one (6.7%) presented a point mutation in the parC gene. None of the 15 strains had mutations in the gyrB and parE genes, and none had more than one mutation in the gyrA gene or the other genes. The presence of point mutations in the strains studied corroborates with the phenotypic resistance observed to nalidixic acid. However, it did not explain the resistance to fluoroquinolones found in the 15 strains. Other mechanisms may be related to the fluoroquinolones resistance, highlighting the need for additional mutation screening.(AU)

Foram analisadas neste estudo 77 estirpes de Salmonella spp., 20 isoladas de frangos vivos (suabes de cloaca) e 57 isoladas de carcaças, provenientes de abatedouros frigoríficos sob Inspeção Federal. Foram identificados os seguintes sorotipos: Salmonella Saint Paul (29), Salmonella Heidelberg (27), Salmonella Anatum (9), Salmonella Cerro (5), Salmonella Senftenberg (5), Salmonella enterica (O: 4,5) (1) e Salmonella enterica (O: 9,12) (1). Do total de estirpes estudadas, 15 (19,5%) se mostraram resistentes à enrofloxacina, seis (7,8%) à ciprofloxacina e 26 (33,8%) ao ácido nalidíxico no Teste de Difusão em Disco. Foram selecionadas as 15 estirpes resistentes à enrofloxacina para a realização da PCR para detecção dos genes gyrA, gyrB, parC e parEe para sequenciamento genético do produto da PCR para identificação de mutações nesses genes. Cinco estirpes (33,3%) apresentaram mutações pontuais no gene gyrA e uma (6,7%) apresentou mutação pontual no gene parC. Nenhuma das 15 estirpes apresentou mutações nos genes gyrB e parE e nenhuma apresentou mais de uma mutação no gene gyrA ou nos outros genes. A existência apenas de mutações pontuais em alguns genes das estirpes analisadas está de acordo com a resistência fenotípica observada ao ácido nalidíxico, mas não explica a resistência às fluoroquinolonas encontrada nas 15 estirpes. Outros mecanismos de resistência podem estar relacionados à resistência encontrada às fluoroquinolonas e estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar sua presença.(AU)

Detection of the mcr-1 gene in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains isolated from broilers / Detecção do gene mcr-1 em estirpes de Escherichia coli Enteropatogênicas (EPEC) e Shigatoxigênicas (STEC) isoladas de frangos de corte

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains are among the major pathotypes found in poultry and their products, which are capable of causing human enteric infections. Colistin has been claimed the drug of choice against diseases caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) in humans. The mcr-1 gene was the first plasmidial gene that has been described to be responsible for colistin resistance and has also been detected in birds and poultry products. Our study aimed to detect the mcr-1 gene in enteropathogenic strains of E. coli in order to evaluate the resistance to colistin in broilers. The material was obtained from 240 cloacal samples and 60 broiler carcasses. The strains were isolated by the conventional bacteriological method and by the virulence genes, which characterize the enteropathogenic strains and resistance, and the samples were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 213 isolated strains of E. coli, 57 (26.76%) were characterized as atypical EPEC and 35 (16.43%) as STEC. The mcr-1 gene was found in 3.5% (2/57) of the EPEC strains and 5.7% (2/35) of the STEC strains. In this study, it was possible to confirm that the mcr-1 resistance gene is already circulating in the broiler flocks studied and may be associated with the pathogenic strains.(AU)

Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica (EPEC) e Shigatoxigênica (STEC) estão entres os principais patotipos encontrados em aves e produtos avícolas que são capazes de causar doença entérica no homem. A colistina tem sido preconizada como droga de escolha para o tratamento de doenças causadas por bactérias Gram-negativas multirresistentes em humanos. O gene mcr-1 foi o primeiro gene plasmidial a ser descrito como responsável pela resistência a colistina e tem sido descrito em aves e produtos avícolas. Este estudo tem como objetivo a detecção do gene mcr-1 em estirpes de E. coli enteropatogênicas a fim de avaliar a resistência a colistina em frangos de corte. O material foi obtido a partir de 240 amostras cloacais e 60 carcaças de frango de corte. As estirpes foram isoladas pelo método bacteriológico convencional e os genes de virulência, que caracterizam as estirpes enteropatogênicas, e resistência foram detectados pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Das 213 estirpes de E. coli isoladas, 57 (26,76%) foram caracterizadas como EPEC atípica e 35 (16,43%) como STEC. O gene mcr-1 foi encontrado em 3,5% (2/57) das estirpes EPEC e 5,7% (2/35) das estirpes STEC. Neste estudo foi possível confirmar que o gene de resistência mcr-1 já está em circulação nos lotes de frango de corte estudados e pode estar associado às estirpes patogênicas.(AU)

Investigation of Mycoplasma spp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo by isolation and PCR / Investigação de Mycoplasma spp. em aves do Zoológico do Rio de Janeiro por isolamento e PCR

Brazil is one of the countries with the most abundant avifauna in the world. The confinement of birds associated with close contact with other animals and humans favor the spread of agents of respiratory diseases. Among them, mycoplasmas can cause asymptomatic or apparent disease that manifests in birds by coughing, sneezing, rales, conjunctivitis, ocular and nasal discharge. Several described mycoplasmas cause disease in birds, especially Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) andMycoplasma synoviae(MS). The diagnosis ofMycoplasmaspp. can be done by clinical observation and laboratory analysis. Molecular diagnosis by PCR was boosted by its speed, sensitivity, and low cost of agent isolation techniques that take up to 21 days to complete. This study aimed to verify the occurrence ofMycoplasmaspp. in birds of the Rio de Janeiro Zoo (Rio Zoo), by isolation and PCR. Of the total 635 birds from the Rio Zoo, 81 were studied for detection ofMycoplasmaspp., when taken for routine health assessment exams. These birds belonged to the following orders: Psittaciformes (45), Accipitriformes (18), Galliformes (7), Piciformes (5), Strigiformes (4), Falconiformes (1) and Cariamiformes (1), all individuals already identified by microchip or leg-ring. There was no isolation of mycoplasmas in any of the samples tested, whereas, in the PCR, 62.96% (51/81) were positive, with 1.96% (1/51) identified as MG and 19.61% (10/51) as MS, representing 1.23% (1/81) and 12.34% (10/81) of the total population studied. PCR was shown to be a more effective technique than isolation in the detection ofMycoplasmaspp. in birds. It was possible to detect mycoplasmas in birds from Riozoo with no clinical respiratory signs, with higher MS prevalence than MG. The positivities forMycoplasmaspp., MS, and MG were different among the orders studied, being the highest occurrence in birds of prey, followed by Galliformes and Piciformes. The presence of MG and MS in birds of Rio de Janeiro Zoo confirms the circulation of these agents and the need for further studies on the dissemination of mycoplasmas in zoos for the epidemiological analysis of these bacteria in these places.(AU)

O Brasil é um dos países com maior avifauna do mundo. O confinamento de aves associado ao contato próximo a outros animais e seres humanos favorece a disseminação de agentes etiológicos causadores de doenças respiratórias. Dentre eles, os micoplasmas podem causar doença assintomática ou aparente que se manifesta em aves por espirros, estertores, conjuntivite, corrimentos oculares e nasais. São diversos os micoplasmas descritos causadores de doença em aves, com destaque para Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) e Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). O diagnóstico de Mycoplasma spp. pode ser feito pela observação clínica e análises laboratoriais. O diagnóstico molecular pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) ganhou impulso por sua rapidez, sensibilidade e baixo custo em relação às técnicas de isolamento do agente que levam até 21 dias para conclusão do gênero Mycoplasma. Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da infecção por Mycoplasma spp. em aves no Zoológico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio Zoo), por isolamento e PCR. Do plantel de 635 aves do Rio Zoo, foram estudadas 81 para detecção de Mycoplasma spp., quando contidas para exames rotineiros de avaliação da condição de saúde. Essas aves eram pertencentes às ordens Psittaciformes (45), Accipitriformes (18), Galliformes (7), Piciformes (5), Strigiformes (4), Falconiformes (1) e Cariamiformes (1), todas já identificadas por microchip ou por anilha. Não houve isolamento de micoplasmas em nenhuma das amostras testadas, enquanto na PCR, 62,96% (51/81) foram positivas, sendo 1,96% (1/51) identificadas como MG e 19,61% (10/51) como MS, representando 1,23% (1/81) e 12,34% (10/81) da população total estudada. A PCR demonstrou ser uma técnica mais efetiva que o isolamento na detecção de Mycoplasma spp. em aves. Foi possível detectar micoplasmas nas aves do Riozoo sem sinal clínico respiratório, tendo MS maior prevalência do que MG. As positividades para Mycoplasma spp., MG e MS foram diferentes entre as ordens de aves estudadas, sendo a maior ocorrência nas aves de rapina, seguida dos Galliformes e dos Piciformes. A presença de MG e MS nas aves do Rio de Janeiro Zoo confirma a circulação destes agentes e a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a disseminação de micoplasmas em zoológicos para análise epidemiológica dessas bactérias nesse local.(AU)

Extracellular vesicles in infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites in buffaloes

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles of growing interest in vetetinary parasitology. The aim of the present report was to provide the first isolation, quantification and protein characterization of EVs from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sera infected with Theileria spp. Methods: Infected animals were identified through optical microscopy and PCR. EVs were isolated from buffalo sera by size-exclusion chromatography and characterized using western blotting analysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the proteins from isolated vesicles were characterized by mass spectrometry. Results: EVs from buffalo sera have shown sizes in the 124-140 nm range and 306 proteins were characterized. The protein-protein interaction analysis has evidenced biological processes and molecular function associated with signal transduction, binding, regulation of metabolic processes, transport, catalytic activity and response to acute stress. Five proteins have been shown to be differentially expressed between the control group and that infected with Theileria spp., all acting in the oxidative stress pathway. Conclusions: EVs from buffaloes infected with Theileria spp. were successfully isolated and characterized. This is an advance in the knowledge of host-parasite relationship that contributes to the understanding of host immune response and theileriosis evasion mechanisms. These findings may pave the way for searching new EVs candidate-markers for a better production of safe biological products derived from buffaloes.(AU)

Apiotrichum veenhuisii isolated from a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia: The first case in humans.

This is the first report of the yeast Apiotrichum veenhuisii (formerly Trichosporon veenhuisii) causing disease in humans; its virulence and in vitro behavior against antifungals were also studied. The sample was isolated from biopsy fragments of disseminated lesions on the skin of a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The studied virulence factors evidenced that the strain tested negative for secretion of the enzymes proteinase, phospholipase, and hemolysin. The isolate was characterized as low biofilm producer. Except for amphotericin B and voriconazole, the sample presented high minimum inhibitory concentration values against azole and echinocandins.

Infection by Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in bats collected in urban areas.

Epidemiological studies on endemic mycosis can be improved using molecular biology techniques to elucidate the role of bats as reservoirs and vectors of pathogenic fungi for infection of other animals and humans. The objective of this study was to explore the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in insectivorous, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats collected in urban areas. We analysed 172 bats collected by the Epidemiological Surveillance Agency in 12 municipalities of the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Spleen, liver, intestine and lung samples were subjected to microbiological culture and nested PCR analyses. Prevalence of H. capsulatum infection was 8.1% (14/172), with one bat found to be positive by fungal culturing, 12 positive by nested PCR and one positive by both methods. Two insectivorous bats were found positive by nested PCR for Cryptococcus spp., one in the spleen and the other in the spleen and lung. Two insectivorous bats showed natural infection by P. brasiliensis, in the spleen of one bat and the spleen and liver of the other. Our results reinforce the importance of bats as fungal dispersers in urban environments and the importance of constant epidemiologic surveillance because these synanthropic animals are in close contact with humans and animals.

Prevalência e susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de sorotipos de Salmonella spp. isolados de frangos vivos e carcaças no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. serotypes in broiler chickens and carcasses in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A presença de Salmonella spp. em produtos de origem avícola e seus subprodutos se mostra um grande desafio para a produção comercial. Dados de prevalência, dos sorotipos circulantes e do perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de cepas de Salmonella spp. no Estado do Rio de Janeiro são escassos. Portanto, objetivou-se detectar a presença Salmonella spp. em frangos vivos e carcaças em matadouros do Estados do Rio de Janeiro, identificar os sorotipos e avaliar a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana dessas cepas para fluoroquinolonas e betalactâmicos. Foram coletadas 60 amostras cloacais de frangos vivos e 60 amostras de carcaça de seis matadouros sob Inspeção Estadual (SIE). Os isolados foram sorotipificados e testados frente a oito antimicrobianos: enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, cefalotina, ceftiofur, cefotaxima, amoxicilina/ácido clavulânico e ampicilina pelo método de difusão em disco. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de Salmonella spp. de 1,66% (1/60) em amostras de suabe de cloaca e de 26,66% (16/60) em carcaças. Em amostras de suabe de cloaca, somente o sorotipo Senftenberg (1,66%) foi isolado. No total, foram isolados sete sorotipos diferentes nas carcaças: Senftenberg (15%) o mais frequente, seguido por Mbandaka (8,3%), Schwarzengrund (3,3%), Cerro (3,3%), Ohio (3,3%), Minnesota (1,66%) e Tennessee (1,66%). Em relação à susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, 29 (87,87%) isolados foram sensíveis a todos os antimicrobianos testados e 4 (12,12%) isolados foram resistentes a pelo menos três antimicrobianos betalactâmicos ou mais. Não foi observada resistência às fluoroquinolonas. Os resultados encontrados demonstram uma prevalência de Salmonella spp. acima da esperada em matadouros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, além da presença de vários sorotipos de Salmonella spp. A resistência encontrada para betalactâmicos alerta para a disseminação dessas cepas pela cadeia alimentar.(AU)

The presence of Salmonella spp. in poultry products and their by-products is a major challenge for commercial production. Data about the prevalence, the circulating serotypes and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella spp. strains in the State of Rio de Janeiro are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in live chickens and carcasses in slaughterhouses of the State of Rio de Janeiro, to identify the serotypes and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains for fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams. Sixty cloacal swabs samples from broiler chickens and sixty samples of carcasses from six slaughterhouses under State Inspection were collected. The isolates were serotyped and resistance was tested to eight antimicrobials: enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin by disc diffusion method. The results showed a prevalence of Salmonella spp. of 1.66% (1/60) in cloacal swabs samples and 26.66% (16/60) in carcasses. In cloacal swabs sample only Senftenberg (1.66%) serotype was isolated. In total, seven different serotypes were obtained from carcasses: Senftenberg (15%), followed by Mbandaka (8.3%), Schwarzengrund (3.3%), Cerro (3.3%), Ohio (3.3%), Minnesota (1.66%) and Tennessee (1.66%). Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility, 29 (87.87%) isolates were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested and 4 (12.12%) isolates were resistant to three or more beta-lactams antimicrobials. No susceptibility to fluoroquinolones was observed. These results showed a prevalence of Salmonella spp. higher than expected in slaughterhouses in the State of Rio de Janeiro, besides the presence of several serotypes of Salmonella spp. The resistance found for beta-lactams alerts to the spread of these strains through the food chain.(AU)