[To the health of the nation through multi-level educational programs for the population in the field of optimal nutrition].

Healthy nutrition is the most crucial component of the quality of life, which is understood as an integral indicator of mental, physical and social functioning of a person. The diet of Russians doesn't contain enough vegetables and fruits, dairy products, while white sugar, salt, products containing animal fat, and trans fats are in excess. Violations of the structure of nutrition and nutritional status lead to the development of diet related non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular, oncological, diabetes mellitus, obesity, gout, osteoporosis, etc.) that are the leading causes of mortality of the population. All this indicates a low level of knowledge of the people about the principles of healthy nutrition. 49.2% of Russians have almost no idea about the rules of healthy eating. In this regard, it is essential to eliminate the existing gap in the education of the population on healthy nutrition through the introduction of training programs. For this purpose, training (educational) programs on healthy eating have been developed for target groups of the population (preschool and school-age children; adults of all ages, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, people older than working age; people with an increased level of physical activity; persons working in severe and harmful conditions or living in territories with unique features in terms of the impact of environmental factors). Based on scientific institutions of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing and Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, four scientific-methodical centres and one educational centre on the issues of healthy nutrition have been created for the development of training (education) programs. A great deal of work on the implementation of educational programs for the population on healthy nutrition is carried out by the Profile Commission on Dietetics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which includes the chief dietitians of Federal districts of the Russian Federation.

[Analysis of regulatory basis for organization of clinical nutrition in medical institutions of the Russian Federation].

The article analyzes regulatory basis for organization of clinical nutrition in medical institutions of Russia. It is shown that the strategy of therapeutic measures in acute and chronic diseases a central place to take dietary therapy with adequate provision of energy and plastic body's needs, correction of metabolic disorders and risk factors for comorbidity. Prior to the confirmation of the order of Ministry of Health of Russia from 05.08.2003, No 330 "On measures to improve nutritional care in health care institutions in the Russian Federation" clinical nutrition in medical institutions was based on the nosological principle, in the form of daily diet--a diet designed for each concrete Diseases which are identified by a number from 1 to 15. According to the order of Ministry of Health of Russia from 05.08.2003, No 330 in the health care practice has introduced a new range of diets (system standard diets), which is based on the principle of adapting the chemical composition and energy value of the diet to the individual clinical and pathogenic features of the disease and combines previously used diet numbering system. It is shown that the organization of clinical nutrition should be based on common requirements imposed on the federal level and at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation. In order to optimize clinical nutrition is necessary to determine the methodological approaches to personalization through the introduction of diet in health care practice of modern innovative technologies health food, performing preventive and treatment of the problem (implementation of Article 39 of the Federal Law of 21.11.2011 No 323--FZ "On the basis of health protection in the Russian Federation", the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 25.10.2010 No 1873-r "On the basis of the state policy in the field of nutrition to 2020 year").

[Definite of nutritional status in patients with metabolic syndrome with the use of modern methods of nutrimetabolomica].

A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status in 73 patients with metabolic syndrome was assessed. The consumption food pattern of the majority of examined patients have had increased energy intake with excessive fat consumption inadequate intake of complex carbohydrates. In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequate compensation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was marked. When assessing body composition method bioelectrical impedance analysis increased content of adipose tissue was revealed are positively correlated with insulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. According to indirect calorimetry, increase in the level of resting energy expenditure, reducing the rate of oxidation of fat, increase the rate of oxidation of protein and carbohydrates was noted.

[Contemporary approaches to nondrug correction of hypercholesterolemia].

Hypercholesterolemia (HCE) together with arterial hypertension and smoking belongs to three most powerful risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Dietetic correction of HCE includes limitation of consumption of animal fat containing cholesterol, saturated and trans fatty acids, limitation of other cholesterol containing products and simple carbohydrates, increase in consumption of mono and polyunsaturated acids, plant protein, nutritional fibers, vitamins, mineral substances, and minor food components. Efficacy of such minor components of food as phytosterols has been demonstrated. Their use as supplements to fermented dairy product has facilitated significant lowering of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol without negative action on the state of hepato biliary system.

[Current views of nutritional therapy].

Epidemiologic studies in the Research Institute of Nutrition showed that dietary patterns of the Russian population are on the whole at variance with the balanced feeding formula largely due to excessive consumption of animal fat, insufficient consumption of proteins, vitamins, micro- and macroelements, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary fibers. It is estimated that over 70% of total lethality in this country is due to diseases directly related to improper feeding (the so-called alimentary-dependent diseases), cardiovascular disorders, some neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, etc. Dietary therapy adjusted to specific pathogenetic features, clinical picture, stage of the disease, character of metabolic disorders in individual patients is an important factor having versatile beneficial effects on the patient's health, correcting metabolic problems, and improving quality of life. Decree No 330 of August 5, 2003 "On measures to improve nutritional therapy in medical institutions of the Russian Federation" introduced a new nomenclature of standard diets based on chemical composition of separate foods and the previously used system of numbered diets. Modern dietary therapy includes not only standard and special diets but also specific products to be used in concrete clinical conditions, enteral and parenteral nutrition, biologically active food additives, etc.

[Energy metabolic in patients with ischemic heart disease before and after heart surgery].

The study involved 85 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The parameters of metabolic status the actual food intake with the help of a new computer program, based on frequency method were investigated from patients with cardiovascular diseases. It was found a disbalanse of intake main food components and low physical activity in of patients.

[The clinical and experimental research of metabolic effects of shark liver oil].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with shark liver oil on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with shark liver oil in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immunology status. The mechanism of shark liver oil was investigated in rats.

[The influence of diet with including amaranth oil on lipid metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with amaranth oil on dynamic of lipid profile and composition of fatty acids of erythrocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia. The efficacy of diet with different contents of squalene (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg per day) was compared. It was shown that antiatherosclerotic diet with including 600 mg squalene has promoted the most positive changes of the serum cholesterol and triglycerides level and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes membranes as well.

[The influence of a diet with including amaranth oil on antioxidant and immune status in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with amaranth oil on dynamic of antioxidant and immune status in 125 patients with ischemic heart disease and hyper-lipoproteidemia. The efficacy of diets with different contents of squalene (100, 200, 400, 600 mg per day) was compared. It was shown that antiatherosclerotic diet with inclusion 600 mg squalene has promoted the most positive changes of immune status. The consumption of 200-400 mg of squalene per day produced the more significant antioxidant effect.

[The use of nutritional antioxidants for the correction of metabolic disorders of cardiovascular patients]. / Ispol'zovanie pishchevykh antioksidantov v korrektsii metabolicheskikh narushenii u bol'nykh s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

The effectiveness of complex dietary therapy, comprising the use of nutritional antioxidants, for patients with degree I-II essential hypertension and CHD has been evaluated. It is found that the including of soy isoflavones and selenium into the nutrition had a positive effect on the clinical presentation of disease, lipid metabolism, organism antioxidant status, indices of blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems.

[The use of antioxidants for the correction of coronary risk factors in patients with myocardial ischemia]. / Ispol'zovanie antioksidantov s tsel'iu korrektsii faktorov koronarnogo riska u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The investigation of influent of soy isoflavones and vitamin-antioxidants on lipid spectrum of blood, coronary risk factors and indexes of antioxidant status in patients with ischemic heart disease. Observation has shown, that the use in the diet-therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease of soy isoflavones and vitamin-antioxidants is rather perspective.

[Use of fish oil enriched with carotenoids isolated from sea cucumbers in the diet therapy of patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. / Ispol'zovanie ryb'ego zhira, obogashchennogo karotinoidami iz morskogo ogurtsa, v dietoterapii bol'nykhg gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Usage of antisclerotic diet with fish oil and carotinoides in patients with IND and high blood pressure resulted in positive dynamic of clinic manifestation, blood lipid, coagulogramms, antioxygen and immune status.

[Effects of biologically active supplements on the antioxidant and vitamin status of patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnykh dobavok na antioksidantnyi status i obespechennost' vitaminami u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi i ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Biologically active additives in integrated therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases against a background body overweight. The influence of antiaterosclerotic diet with including some biologically active additives, which contain vitamins C, E, B2, B6, beta-carotene, Zn, Mg, Na, K, Ca, I was studied in 91 patients with ischemic heart disease, hypertension disease. The usage of biologically active additives during 4 weeks has promoted positive changes of clinical symptoms of diseases against a background of lowering of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and increasing of vitamins A, E, C, B2, B6.

[Clinical-metabolic evaluation of the effectiveness of the olive oil use in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Kliniko-metabolicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia olivkovogo masla v dietoterapii bol'nykh s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

Investigation of influence of diet with olive oil on clinical, metabolic and immune indices in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension was conducted. As a result of the diet modified by the lipid component positive effect on the course of the diseases and lipid spectrum of blood, pronounced action on some indices of cell immunity, intensity of processes of lipid peroxidation were observed.

[Study of the state of lipid peroxidation system: antioxidant protection during the use of soy oil in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. / Izuchenie sostoianiia sistemy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov--antiokislitel'noi zashchity pri ispol'zovanii soevogo masla u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

Usage of antisclerotic diet with PUFA n-3 from soy oil in patients with IHD and HBP resulted in positive dynamic of clinic manifestation, blood lipids and coagulogramms of the patients. The decrease of intensity of lipid peroxidation was also revealed. The results showed that soy oil may be recommended for preventive and treatment diets.

[Study of fatty acid composition of cell membranes during the use of soya oil in diet therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Izuchenie zhirno-kislotnogo sostava kletochnykh membran pri ispol'zovanii soevogo masla v dietoterapii bol'nykh s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

Anti-atherogenic diet supplemented with 20 g soy oil has been analyzed in patients with coronary artery disease and high blood pressure. The vegetable PUFA omega-3 and omega-6 from soy oil have been found to change physical, biological and chemical property of membranes; improved clinical condition as well as to modify erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition.

[Comparative study on the effect of antiatherosclerotic diet enriched with polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids of plant and animal origin on the level of natural antibodies against catecholamines in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz vliianiia protivoateroskleroticheskikh diet, obogashchennykh PNZhK omega-3 pastitel'nogo i zhivotnogo proiskhozhdeniia na uroven' estestvennykh antitel k katekholaminam u bol'hykh serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

The levels of natural antibodies against catecholamines in 138 patients with cardiovascular diseases was studied and the comparative analysis of influence of antiatherosclerotic diets with different origin of PUFA omega-3 on dynamic of these parameters was made. For the first time discovered universal action of diets with PUFA omega-3 vegetable and animal origin on parameters of humoral immunity: in case of primary excess of norm of the contents of natural antibodies to adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine as a result of treatment these parameters were reduced or did not change; and at is primary a low their level--parameters increased in most cases. The greatest immunocorrection effect was rendered by diet, enriched PUFA omega-3 of freshwater fishes fat.

[Study of metabolic and clinical effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 from "Eicovit" in patients with ischemic heart disease and familial hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Izuchenie kliniko-metabolicheskikh éffektov PNZhK omega-3, soderzhashchikhsia v "Eikovite", u bol'nikh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i semeinymi giperlipoproteidemiiami.

The influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with including 15 g preparation "Eikovit" containing fat of freshwater fish on fat acid composition of erythrocytes membrane was studied in 399 patients with ishemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Against a background of positive influence on clinical symptoms of diseases, lipids of blood serum, homeostasis expressed influence of PUFA omega-3 in "Eikovit" on biomembrane fat acid composition was noted. It was shown sharp increasing a quota an eicosapentaenic acid by simultaneous reducing PUFA omega-6 level.

[Effect of anti-atherosclerotic diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 from linseed oil on dynamics of natural antibodies to bradykinin and angiotensin II in blood serum of patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Vliianie protivoateroskleroticheskoi diety s PNZhK omega-3 l'nianogo masla na dinamiku estestvennykh antitel k bradikininu i angiotensinu II v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

The dynamic of natural antibodies against bradykinin and angiotensin II in blood serum was studied in 124 patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and hypertension against a background of usage of basic and modified antiatherosclerotic diet during 4 weeks. Besides favorable influence to a clinical picture of the disease universal normalizing influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with addition of linseed oil, consisting in increase of lowered levels of natural antibodies against bradykinin and angiotensin II and decrease of their contents in blood serum under primary increased concentrations.

[Effect of antiatherosclerotic diet, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family from flax oil, on fatty acid composition of cell membranes of patients with ischemic heart disease. Hypertensive disease and hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Vliianie protivoateroskleroticheskoi diety, soderzhashchei polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty semeistva omega-3 l'nianogo masla, bol'nykh ishemischekoi bolezn'iu i giperlipoproteidemiiami.

Use flax oil as a vegetative source of PUFA omega-3 in diet of patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and high blood pressure resulted in positive dynamic of clinical manifestation, blood lipids and coagulograms of the patient. Pronounced influence on membrane lipids of erythrocytes was revealed: significantly increased a quota an linolenic, eicosapentaenic and docosahexaenic PUFA against a background of reducing a level of linoleic acid.